Amathambo - kwezemidlalo. Amathambo - ezemidlalo Olimpiki

Amathambo - umdlalo enala ekuhleni elele isisu sakhe phezu dvuhpolozevyh mbaleki ebusika kwi-ice kugutyulelwe. Umatshini izixhobo zemidlalo mihla - a Khupha lokuloba Norwegian. Ophumelele lo ngulowo kweli xesha lifutshane kangangoko, uhamba umgama.

A incinane

Ulwazi lokuqala malunga kukhuphiswano luge asusela ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, xa abakhenkethi ZaseSwitzerland British wazama ukuya phantsi ebusika phantsi entabeni kumathambeka ezigqunywe likhephu. Amathambo - Ngo-1883, xa iiholide ski Swiss, ngoku eyaziwa wonke usomashishini, ukhuphiswano lokuqala amazwe sifana eyaziwa ezemidlalo namhlanje ahlelwa. Imifanekiso evela amaphephandaba ngelo xesha abonisa ukuba ahambe kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba yayahluke gqitha namhlanje. kweminyaka eliqela kamva, i eliNgesi ngu Child ifani kumangaliswa gqitha ngoogxa bakhe izixhobo ezitsha yezemidlalo zoyilo. Wenza evela njengemicwana yentsimbi ukuba ububanzi milimitha malunga namashumi amabini anesibini.
Kwaba lelo xesha ke kwabakho igama "amathambo", bona bubonakala evela lesiGrike njenge "amathambo", "amathambo". Igama wanamathela kakuhle. Amathambo ukuba akukho steering, mayixhotyiswe ubude isakhelo olulinganisiweyo 70 no-38 neesentimitha ububanzi kwaye imvelaphi inyuselwa khona onezi zentsimbi. ubuxoki bakhe ukwehla mbaleki ejonge phantsi, isebenzisa spikes ekhethekileyo enyawo izicathulo.

ukhuphiswano lokuqala

Amathambo i umdla kakhulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye hayi yemidlalo eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Imbali imvelaphi yayo kunye nophuhliso ixesha elifutshane. Ngowe-1905, ukhuphiswano lezemidlalo kuqala ekuhleni entabeni kwi ebusika ezaziququzelelwe ngaphandle Switzerland - kwiintaba Austrian ka Styria. Kunyaka olandelayo kwakukho kwitumente yokuqala lesizwe elimele. Kwiminyaka esixhenxe kamva, ekuqaleni kuka-1912, eJamani, lezemidlalo club ezimbini ezidibeneyo wadalelwa: ihoki kunye skeleton, kunye nonyaka kamva kweli lizwe lwaqalisa ukuqhuba lemidlalo ezivulekileyo. Lo mdlalo yasebusika Russian - lwamathambo - ngcembe waqalisa alaqhenqetha kummandla Kaliningrad. Noko ke, leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi ixesha elide sithothe uphuhliso yayo kumazwe aseYurophu. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1921 kufuphi St. Moritz wakwazi ukuba kwitumente evulekileyo longele phezu ebusika.

ezinye iimpawu

Amathambo - ngokuzibulala anobungozi. Ngexesha ekuhleni ukuba ahambe senyuka saya ngezantya eliphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa bobsleigh uphahlalamathambo ukubeka iimfuno engqongqo ngaphezulu. Imeko ephambili kukuba ubunzima yembaleki kunye namadoda isileyi mayingagqithi-115, kunye nabafazi - 92 eekhilogram. Kwezinye iimeko, imithetho anemvume umthwalo zokulinganisa ebusika.

Ngokutsho imithetho emiselwe ngaphezu kwekhulu eyadlulayo, ukhuphiswano umkhondo kule hlobo ezemidlalo ebusika, kufuneka ezingqanyaniswe kwimigangatho efunekayo. Kwikota yokuqala ngekhilomitha route kufuneka kuyilwa ezinokunika Luger chithwa ngolunya ayi ezilikhulu ngeyure nganye. I ikhulu okanye ezilikhulu elinamashumi amahlanu eemitha umgama yokugqibela kufuneka lukwazi ukuqokelela degrees elinambini. Oku kwenziwa ukuze, ukugqibezela, kwimbaleki ukuba ayeke ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukongeza, zonke iingoma luge ngamazwe, apho amathambo yolu khuphiswano, ekuphakameni ukusuka kumgca yokuqala nencopho sigqibe kufuneka ibe seemitha ezimakhulu okanye ngaphezulu. Thelekisa, umntu unokucinga ukuba imbaleki ehla phezu ebusika encinane elele phezu kwentloko yakhe phambili nesisu ngesantya esiphezulu ukusuka kubude besakhiwo esinemigangatho-33.

imithetho

Imithetho International Olimpiki malunga amathambo iqulethe izibonelelo ezingundoqo. Okokuqala, ukhuphiswano olu hlobo ezemidlalo nakanjani kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i luge track bobsleigh nge ubude ubuncinane ayi 1,200, kwaye ubuninzi - 1650 eemitha. Ekuqaleni lokufika skeletonschik ikwazi alawulwa (ubude lunikezelo - 25-40 meters) uze zombilini kunye nentloko phambili ngokukhawuleza iwela ebusika kunye lwengoma phantse eziphaphazelayo. Womdlali kufuneka ibe kwindawo ekhankanyiweyo, iingalo wolula ecaleni umzimba.

bt Amathambo kwi-Olimpiki

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba lwamathambo - asimdlalo Olimpiki. Wenza bt wakhe Winter Imidlalo kwi enye eSt Moritz sele ngo-1928. I imbasa yegolide yokuqala yaphumelela ngoko ummeli we-United States Jennison Heaton. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, kwisixeko enye ngowe-1948, loo amathambo waphinda wathi kwinkqubo kukhuphiswano. Ukususela ngo-1969, ugqatso waqala kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba eziliqela, saa kwixesha iinyanga ezintlanu, njengokuba kulo mzekelo, isiphumo lokugqibela luxhomekeke kancinane kwiimeko zemozulu.

amathambo namhlanje

Eyona ibalulekileyo kwimbali nomdlalo ukungena zakhe International Federation of Bobsleigh kunye Uphahla lomzimba. Ngowe-1982 waba amathambo yokuqala iNdebe yeHlabathi e St. Moritz. Kwadlula iimbaleki ezilishumi ukusuka kumazwe asixhenxe aseYurophu. Amathambo - umdlalo ukuba ngoku asakhulayo kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini jikelele, kuquka eRashiya. Bona benza kumazwekazi amane. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, i-International School of asemzimbeni zaqeqeshwa Iimbaleki nje kuphela, kodwa abaqeqeshi kwi ithi ezahlukeneyo. nokuba iinkqubo ezizodwa sele ziphuhlisiwe.

skeleton Federation

Kunye kukhuphiswano iNdebe yeHlabathi yi-International Federation ubanjwa minyaka le zigaba sale tumente phantsi kwegama "Tyrol Cup", nto leyo zama isandla zazo iimbaleki mncinane, uthambile. Amathambo - umdlalo apho AmaMelika olungileyo. Ngoko ke, ngo-2002 e-Winter Olimpiki zephodiyamu Salt Lake City yathinjwa ngokupheleleyo wemikhosi, abameli eUnited States iphumelele onke amabhaso.

Ekwehleni kwi ebusika ngoku Ihlela kwanokukhangela International Federation of luge. Amathambo - umdlalo othandwayo namhlanje ehlabathini lonke. Bona abe nenxaxheba kumazwe kushushu ezinjalo, njengoMzantsi Afrika, Australia ne Mexico. ERashiya, wafumana ukusasazwa esebenzayo nje kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo. Noko ke, ngo-2001, iimbaleki Russian bakwazi ukubonisa iziphumo kamnandi e imidlalo emikhulu yamazwe ngamazwe.

Amathambo kwilizwe lethu

Ngowe-2002 n Mironova - oyinkosikazi skeleton yesizwe yabafazi - zibalwa yesixhenxe kwimiDlalo e Salt Lake City. Ke kaloku kunyaka ozayo i-World Championships kulo mdlalo oko, ngokuphumelela imbasa yesilivere, umise irekhodi entsha yokunyusa kwingoma. KubuNtshatsheli amathambo kwi iimbaleki Russian phambi kokuba kwakungenjalo. Ngowe-2008, ummi Russian Alexander Tretyakov itumente yeNdebe yeHlabathi, eyayibanjelwe Igls of, nayo unako ukubeka irekhodi khosi waza waphumelela imbasa yesilivere. Ngo-2009, wathabatha nayo kwindawo yokuqala iNdebe yeHlabathi. Kwindibano Sochi Olympics kulo nyaka Tretyakov, iphumelele imbasa yegolide, ukuba indoda efuna undikho yokuqala Olimpiki kuphahla, apho wafumana ithuba lokuphumelela, ekubeni isikhundla olawulayo ntshatsheli. Iimbaleki Russian akukho sazithimbela abalandeli loyiso, kodwa Olympians ngoku ziye iimedali lethu ezimbini Olimpiki. imbasa sesibini lizwe - elubhedu - kwabasetyhini iphumelele Elena Nikitina. Kuyathenjwa ukuba amathambo emva ixesha elide kakhulu. Ke kaloku, xa toboggan runs isakhiwa yonke imali eyinkunzi-Olimpiki, kwabonakala siqinisekile ukuba mdlalo ayisa shwaka!