Environment - ntoni na? iimeko utshintsho

Xa umntu efika engqondweni ingumbono omhle, kwaye uqalisa ukujongana nayo ngempumelelo, ngoko kamsinya wabonwa abalandeli ezifundisa analogue. Yaye zonke ezi amashishini zichaphazela imeko asakhulayo kwi emarikeni.

Yintoni kuthiwa conjuncture?

Kukho iingcaciso ezininzi eli gama. Kwinkqubo-sikhokelo inqaku ezihlanu kuzo ziza kuboniswa, ezo iphathwa ngamanqaku ezahlukeneyo lo mkhuba "okusingqongileyo." Yintoni na iincwadi zezifundo ezoqoqosho:

1. Ngoko wabiza ratio, leyo kwabunjwa phakathi unikezelo kunye nemfuno nemveliso ngamnye kunye namaqela babo ubunzima lwabo (ngokwemiqathango imali okanye kangakanani) kwinani lilonke iimveliso.
2. imeko ethile yezoqoqosho, leyo kwakheka kwi emarikeni kwixesha elithile. Libonisa umlinganiselo yangoku kwaneliswe nemfuno.
3. Cwangcisa ngeemeko ezichaza imeko nemakethe.
4. State of the uqoqosho ngexesha elinikiweyo, oko kumiselwa ezahlukeneyo ekujoliswe kuzo.
5. Isiphumo intsebenziswano yeemeko ezahlukeneyo (zendalo, ezentlalo, yolawulo, zobugcisa), ifuthe olumisela indawo inkampani emarikeni.

Uhlalutyo imeko yesifundo ngasinye ngamnye luyenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo inani lemisebenzi esemqoka. Ngoko ke, ngokuba imarike kuyinto exhalabisa mandatory yempembelelo macala kunye nentsebenziswano kunye nezinye izakhiwo yale hlobo (okanye ibekwe kwamanye amazwe intsimi). Kufuneka iqondwe into kwisifundo ngasinye uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo imeko ngokubanzi kwezoqoqosho, leyo kwilizwe elinye okanye wonke loo mmandla.

Yintoni efunekayo isifundo kule meko?

yintoni imeko Siyazi. Yintoni ulwazi sokuqondwa ngokupheleleyo le nkqubo ayikho ngokwaneleyo - Ndicinga ukuba nawe uye waphawula. Ngoko ke, simele sinikele ingqalelo ngakumbi iintlobo ulwazi ngokubambisana. Ngoko ke, xa uphando kwimakethi kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya:

1. Isalathisi kwemfuneko yorhwebo.
2. izabelo Market of iinkampani ezahlukeneyo.
3. Amaxabiso.
4. Izalathisi zemveliso eziphathekayo, ezenza kucace malunga nenani ethengiswayo emarikeni, amandla ayo kunye neqondo kufumaneka bantu.

feature

Iimeko lweshishini ixhomekeke iseti iimeko, sibonga ngalo sidala imeko iimarike a ngexesha elinikiweyo. Ngoko ke, ngokusekelwe imo yezinto, kunokuba kweentlobo ezimbini:

1. iimeko High (kakuhle). msebenzi wayo market elungeleleneyo, ngokunjalo kwandiswa okanye zizinze (ubuncinane) umthamo kwentengiso. Kwakhona, amanani zilingana.
2. iimeko Phantsi (ibhokile). osemqoka yaso emarikeni iimpawu uphawu ukungalingani, apho imfuno engekho okanye lincitshiswe. Oko kukhatshwa nokungazinzi kwamaxabiso ebalulekileyo, umbhodamo intengiso kunye nokunqongophala kweempahla.

umahluko ocacileyo phakathi iinkcazelo edalwa ezinokunikezelwa. Ngoko ke, njengokuba supplement uyakwazi ukuthetha edlamkileyo ezikhulayo, oluzinzileyo, elingakhuliyo, iimarike, ezibuyisela izinto umva.

Iimpawu

Le yokusebenza, apho iingcali kunye neengcali abaqikelelwa iimeko zemarike. Yintoni imin xa kusenziwa? Amaxabiso, izalathisi kwamashishini, inventri (elinokuba isebenze njenge amaxabiso isizalwane okanye ingundoqo) - ukuba neziphawuli kuthetha ukuba iingcali kunye neengcali, imeko apho kukho imarike. Neyodwa into yokuba kugweba yonke into enye kuphela kwabo - ayikho ithemba. Baqinisekile ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo xa entsonkothileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho ukwanda kwinani zentengiselwano, kodwa intengiso kumgangatho yangaphambili, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho imarike ewuvusa, kwaye inani elikhulu iifem ezincinane beza kuye. Loo indima ukubonakala eshotayo okanye uluhlu surplus. Ngenxa yoko, ukubunjwa kwabo kubonisa ukuba ezayo ntlekele kunye emveliso kwamaxabiso.

Ziziphi izalathisi eziphambili imeko lemakethi?

Uhlalutyo phezulu enokwenziwa ngenxa kubo:

1. Umlinganiselo kwaneliswe kwemfuno yeempahla (iinkonzo).
2. trends Market.
3. inqanaba Kolebaemosti (okanye ukuxhathisa) imarike.
4. Ubungakanani umsebenzi ishishini.
5. Isikali imicimbi yemarike.
6. Umda namandla wokhuphiswano.
7. Kuqaliswa kwi imeko lemarike kwisigaba ethile ngamaxesha athile okanye mijikelo kwezoqoqosho.
8. ingozi zorhwebo.

Ukuba ufuna ukuhlola imeko ngokunzulu ngakumbi usebenzisa iqela nezinye iparameters, ukhetho apho luxhomekeke kwinjongo. Siza kubuyela kubo.

Into, umxholo kunye nemisebenzi kwi zophando lwemakethi

Ezi amacandelo ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo iziphumo ezikumgangatho ophezulu processing:

1. ZeziFundo. Libhekisela ekufundweni nesenzeko abaninzi kunye neenkqubo apho umiselwa iimeko kwimarike ethile ukuze abe efanele uvavanyo ubunjani kunye neenkcukacha zamanani.
2. ZeziFundo. Benza njengoko ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo zorhwebo (kulo mzekelo sithi ukuba kukho imeko urhwebo a), imibutho yoluntu, ii-arhente zikarhulumente kunye namaziko emfundo.
3. iinjongo:
   1. Qokelela ulwazi inkqubo emarikeni.
   2. Isenza ubungakanani imarike.
   3. Kubonwe iintsingiselo.
   4. Ukuvavanya ucazulule esisixa esikhulu emarikeni.
   5. Hlalutya kolebaemost, amaxesha onyaka kunye nophuhliso nokungazinzi koqoqosho.
   6. Ukuhlola umahluko zengingqi.
   7. Ukuze iliso umsebenzi ishishini.
   8. Ukuvavanya ubungozi zoshishino.
   9. Ukuze iliso ngobunzulu ukhuphiswano kunye lokubanga yemarike.

Iimpawu zamabanga

ukusebenzisa kwabo kuxhomekeke koko injongo ukufunda. izikhombisi ezinjalo zikhona kwaye zisetyenziswa jikelele:

Inika iinkonzo kunye neemveliso:

1. Lo mqulu, isakhiwo kunye namandla.
2. Ngezakhono nonikezelo luthambe.

kwimfuno yabathengi yeempahla kunye neenkonzo:

1. Umqulu, amandla kunye nezinga lokwaneliseka kwezicelo.
2. amandla kwabathengi kunye nesikhundla emarikeni.
3. Luthambe ebango.

ukulingana Market:

1. Umlinganiselo kwaneliswe nemfuno.
2. Ubume lorhwebo.
3. zokwabelana market phakathi abavelisi kunye Wholesalers kunye nabathengisi.
4. yi ukusasazwa ubunini iimveliso abasasazi.
5. Umlinganiselo phakathi lentengiso izinto zokuvelisa kunye nomthengi impahla.
6. Isakhiwo zengingqi imarike.
7. Ukusasazwa abathengi zadweliswa ngokobunjani yabathengi (iminyaka, umgangatho imali, njalo njalo).

Namathemba kuphuhliso urhwebo:

1. Ukukhula kunye nokukhula kwiintengiso, uluhlu, ingeniso, utyalo-mali, amaxabiso.
2. izilungiselelo Trend.

Kolebaemost, uzinzo, kunye cyclicality loshishino:

1. 'Ngumlingani ka ukutshintshatshintsha yentengiso, amaxabiso, inventri rhoqo kunye na isiza.
2. Model parameters cyclicality kunye lonyaka lokusebenza izifundo kunye nonxibelelwano nendawo zazo.

uphuhliso lorhwebo Regional kwanesimo sayo:

1. Nguqu kwi umlinganiselo wonikezelo kunye nemfuno kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimpawu indawo.
2. izicelo kwinqanaba lommandla umntu ngamnye.

umsebenzi Business:

1. Ukwakhiwa kunye neentshukumo bokuzala kwee-odolo.
2. Inani, ubungakanani kunye rhoqo (kunye notshintsho yayo) kwiintengiselwano.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwe emveliso kunye norhwebo.

ingozi Commercial:

1. mali nengqiqo.
2. Umngcipheko yokwenza izigqibo zokuthengisa kunye ukuvela nokunyuka emarikeni.

Inqanaba ukhuphiswano kunye lokubanga:

1. Inani iifem kwimarike ye yorhwebo ethile. Kwakhona uthathe ingqalelo ubunini zabo, umbutho kunye lokufunda izifundo ezikhethiweyo.
2. Ukusasazwa iifem ngokwendlela umthamo yabo imveliso, ukuthengiswa kunye nokuthengisa.
3. izinga kubantu babucala (inani neenkampani ezinjalo, isabelo sabo umthamo emarikeni, loo fom lombutho).
4. division market (ngokwamaqela iinkampani ngokobungakanani yabo okanye nesabelo kwiintengiso zizonke).

Ezi okusingqongileyo zikhona izinto. Kodwa nenzululwazi kwezoqoqosho ivela, ngoko ke akukho kukuba kwiminyaka embalwa, le luhlu ayigqitywanga.

isimo umhlaba

Esi entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye ngexesha elifanayo kwinqanaba elifunekayo. bume iziko eyodwa engekho apha. Ngoko ke, xa sithetha kwimpahla kunye lwemali kwiimarike, njengoko imizekelo ezithile, apha nje iindawo apho umsebenzi mkhulu - le New York, eTokyo ne London. Uyakwazi ukubeka amaziko ezithili kunye ezinkulu - ezifana eMoscow Beijing. Xa kwenzeka utshintsho phantsi kwempembelelo kweemeko ezithile okanye intsingiselo kwezigqibo ngurhulumente, oko kwenziwe ngendlela enye okanye omnye kuchaphazela lonke ihlabathi. Yiloo nto nje umahluko impembelelo yazo yahlukile.

isiphelo

indawo wethu uye ingqalelo. Yintoni i yena, unalo ufifi njengoko ngokusekelwe koko ngokoMthetho luqokelelane ingqikelelo kuyo. Kakade ke, le nto yonke ingcaciso ngalo mbandela. Eli nqaku sicacisa ezinika ulwazi, kwaye ayiyi ibekwe ifomula, leyo ingqalelo iinketho ezahlukeneyo. Nesiqingatha zonke sub-zihlokwana, ukuba kuvele okulungileyo, ingalingana amaxesha amaninzi umthamo ngaphezu wenza isicatshulwa.