Ezimbini-stroke iinjini diesel: umgaqo ukusebenza, isixhobo, elungileyo nengalunganga koko

Modern idizili injini - yinto isixhobo eyiyo ngempumelelo eliphezulu. Ukuba diesels ngaphambili zabekwa oomatshini yezolimo (iiteletele, abavuni, njl P.), Ngelo xesha langoku baxhotyiswa iimoto isixeko njengesiqhelo. Kakade ke, umntu ezinxulumene ngumsi diesel omnyama ukusuka kumbhobho zeemoto. Kangangethuba elithile, kodwa ngoku ke inkqubo zeemoto zaphuculwa, kunye neziphumo ezibi ezinjalo phantse namnye. Makhe sihlolisise iinjini diesel ngesibetho-amabini kunye neempawu zazo.

Abanye ulwazi jikelele

A phawu lungundoqo injini diesel yi ukusebenza kwalo wayo. Oku kubangelwa kakhulu amafutha ukuba kakuhle-15%. Ukuba ukhangela le amafutha kwi kwinqanaba eziphilayo, apha sibona hydrocarbon chain elide. Ngenxa kule nokusebenza imveliso ye diesel i engaphezulwana nje kancinane kune ipetroli.

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo injini diesel zakudala kukuba ukuguqula Buyisela isindululo mechanism yesingxobo i (igeza) ukusebenza ngoomatshini. Umahluko ezingundoqo injini yokutsha yangaphakathi ebaleka ipetroli likwiphulo wolungiso ucinezelo umxube amafutha-moya.

Xa umxube diesel Ukwakheka kwenzeka ngqo kwigumbi yokutsha. Ngako oko, xa uxinzelelo ubuninzi lwenzeka ucinezelo lo mxube. Elungileyo okanye embi, sikwenzele kamva, yaye ngoku makhe siqwalasele kakhulu umdla.

-Stroke Two diesel injini

uhlobo lomcimbi njengangoku ukusasazeka encinane, njengoko injini rotary-piston. Iquka yerhasi, apho kuyimfuneko noguqulo lwamandla thermal zibe ngoomatshini kunye blower. Umgaqo amanyathelo yokugqibela kukwandisa umthamo ngokwandisa uxinzelelo. Ngenxa yoko - ukuncipha amafutha.

Iziqulathi ye injini zilungiswe malunga omnye komnye ngokuxwesileyo. Eneneni, kutheni iinjini ngesibetho-ezimbini kangaka igama? Oku kungenxa yokuba iziqulathi asebenza elinye revolution kuphela crankshaft. Oko sibe lixesha ezimbini.

Yokuyisebenzisa umjikelo diesel enama-zimbini ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Xa piston yehlele point emazantsi ayo, akwitankana uzaliswe ngumoya. Ngaxa lithile ngexesha ivelufa zeemoto ivula kunye neegesi therethrough. Ngelo xesha, ngenxa ezantsi window ukuya iisilinda ekubonelelwe emoyeni.

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo ngesibetho-ezimbini diesel

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kwezi ntlobo zimbini ze iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kusetyenziswa ihlanjululwe: window nesivalo-noqhoqhoqho. Xa iibhokisi lombhobho asetyenziswa owongozelelweyo iplagi - oku inkqubo window. Ukuba umba hlengiswe nge isivingco ekhethekileyo ugwebu cylinder kwaye ngeefestile, ngoko ke inkqubo ivalve-noqhoqhoqho. Le ndlela ukucocwa ukuhlisa eliphezulu kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ayingabo bonke umoya ngasekhohlo akwitankana lokugcina. Ezinye ngaphandle enjinini. Le nkqubo kuthiwa lokucoca ngqo-flow inika nokususwa ngokupheleleyo kwemveliso yokutsha evela isayizi.

-Stroke ezimbini diesel ezohamba ixesha elithile. Oku kungenxa yokuba isenzo ezimbalwa oomatshini ngaphakathi njengesilinda. Ekubeni piston iqala nentshukumo yayo ukusuka kwiziko ezantsi kwabafileyo. Ngeli xesha, ivelufa esingena ivale kunye window. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo ucinezelo iqala. Amanzi esatsiba ibekwe kwindawo ephezulu kwabafileyo. Kwamafutha ephakamayo ngumoya oshushu. Xa piston phantsi imveliso yokutsha iyandiswa.

Valve ihlanjululwe noqhoqhoqho

ukwanda kakhulu zingafezekiswa kuphela xa ukusebenza motor umoya uhamba nxamnye esqwini njengesilinda. Ukuba ring ukuthotywa ezisetyenziswa iinjini ngesibetho-ezimbini zokuqala, nto leyo engazange ukunika japan eyiyo, ngoko kamva isetyenziswe kuphela ivalve-noqhoqhoqho. Le nkqubo wakwazi ukunciphisa ubungakanani ndawo isigodlo lombhobho. Le nkqubo evumela kusasa kancinci ukuvala vana iplagi. Le ndlela lincipha kakhulu ilahleko kwentlawulo entsha nokuphucuka supercharging. Namhlanje, vana-noqhoqhoqho isisu ezisetyenziswa kwiinqanawa nezixhobo emkhosini.

Izinto eziluncedo ze injini ngesibetho-amabini

I-injini yokuqala loo Ndaziswa ehlabathini ngelo xesha xa Classic 4-stroke diesel. Kakhulu kutshanje, kwakukho ipetroli iinjini-2-stroke. Eyona - enobunzima encinane. Apha uyakwazi ukuthetha ukunciphisa ubunzima nge 40-50% ukusuka diesels classic samanzi. Kakhulu inkalo kubalulekile ukuba imoto mihla, xa abaphuhlisi bazama kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ubunzima iimoto.

Enye inzuzo ukuba icebo ngesibetho-ezimbini idizili injini noko lula umzalwana wakhe. iindawo ezimbalwa yenza inkonzo lula yaye kubize. Ngeli lixa kunokuba uxabana kuba bonke ujongene olu hlobo injini. Loo iyunithi mandla ukulungisa kwaye ukulungisa kunye ubuncinane izixhobo. Enyanisweni, oku ngendlela elula injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi. Ukongeza, ubukho supercharger konga amafutha kakhulu. Malunga nama-40-50% of amafutha emoto ayekwi wasindisa sibulela kuyilo lokutyhala-ezotyhalo. Kakade ke, sonke injini babe nobubi zabo kunye bendlela. Kwezinye iimeko, neengxaki ezibalulekileyo, ekubeni anciphise isicelo jikelele.

ubuthathaka Personal

Kananjalo, ukuba zikho zonke izinto ezingalunganga loluhlu, inkumbulo uza injini rotary. Into yokuba apha kuyimfuneko ukwahlula neengxaki zilandelayo:

• iindleko yesondlo eliphezulu;
• ukungabikho abaza kuzisebenzisa;
• ixabiso elikhulu kwi injini.

Ingongoma yokuqala kukuba ngenxa yokungabikho zocweyo apho ukulungele ukuthatha up ngesibetho-ezimbini ukulungisa injini diesel. Oku kakhulu zendalo kunye ubhalo kuba nabenzi ezininzi ngobuninzi-ukuvelisa ezi Motors, inani kakhulu iipasela yeemoto. Xa isikhululo inkonzo eqhelekileyo iyunithi amandla ukuba benze, kuyabiza.

Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kukho nje thabatha eyesithathu - akukho mfuneko onga iindawo. Okunye ngqo, bona, kodwa kuphela phantsi ngokomyalelo. Ukuba ungalinda inyanga okanye ngaphezulu. Ukuba kwizixeko ezikhulu kwaye ziya kuba nako ukulungisa ezo injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kwaye bafumane iindawo ezisemaphandleni ukwenza oko kwenzeke ukuze baphumelele. Nazi ezi iingenelo neengozi oku diesel. Kodwa Ngoku makhe siqwalasele iinkcukacha ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo.

A kancinci malunga nenkqubo ukuthambisa ajikeleze

Njengoko siye saqonda, le injini diesel na amandla ayo kunye nobuthathaka. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo kakhulu ukuba inkqubo ukuthambisa ajikeleze. Yena linoxanduva ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngokukhuhla nxalenye okupholisa, imali evela kuloo dipozithi yakho. Wonke sele kudala kwaziwa ukuba ezi njongo isetyenziswa ioli motor ngokwemilinganiselo yakowayo. Kwimeko yethu, yonke enye.

A amagama ambalwa Ndingathanda ukuthetha malunga nokuphuma yokuqaba ulwelo. Yinto akukho mfuneko ukulindela kuqoqosho. Oku kungenxa ukongeza lesithambiso ngqo sibaso ukusebenza eqhelekileyo ungamalungu ngokukhuhla. Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukuba iya echithe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, yaye kuya kufuneka ukuba yongezwe rhoqo. Ngaphezu koko, i-oyile yindlala encinane zingonakalisa iinjini diesel enama-ezimbini ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ubuncinane ngokomyalelo ngaphambi injini ipetroli eqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke, inkqubo ukusifaka yi kunokuba buthathaka ngaphezu kwicala womelele kwaye asifanele silibale ngayo.

kwemvelo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinjineli zisoloko ukuzama ukunciphisa isixa kwezinto eziyingozi ekukhutshelwe inkqubo zeemoto emoyeni. Umbuzo imvelo kakhulu sibi. Ukuba amazwe aseYurophu kudala zaziswa imigangatho yokusingqongileyo, kuba kubi kakhulu kunokuba eRashiya. Ke diesel ngokubanzi, kwaye liye lasetyenziswa ezizodwa amacebo kwamaqondo eparticulate low-ash oyile ezinciphisa kakhulu ezikhutshwayo eziyingozi kwi-atmosfera.

Kwimeko yethu, kwathiwa ukuba i oyile utshiswe egumbini. Kuye abaphumeleli enkulu ukusuka kwindawo imbono ngemvelo. Ngaphezu koko, inxalenye umxube amafutha-umoya ayikho ezinokutsha kwaye ubona phandle. Konke oku kunye nenkqubo zeemoto ebangela umonakalo omkhulu emoyeni. Ngoko ke, diesel enama-ezimbini ezifaneleke kakhulu ukuba isicelo iteknoloji emkhosini mboni.

Aviation diesel

Ogqugqise ezi ntlobo iinjini ezifunyenweyo buciko flight. Ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo-moya ekukhanyeni. ukusebenza High kunye nemilinganiselo ezincinane - zaba nqobo zokugweba xa ukhetho kweeyunithi umbane moya. Ukongeza, ubukho nokungabikho ucinezelo liphinde ukudlalwa kuphela ngcono. umsebenzi ICE iyakuvingca nonikezelo amafutha kunye umxube nomoya.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ngesibetho-ezimbini diesel zaselwandle akoyiki utshintsho obushushu. Ngaphezu koko, kaninzi ngumkhenkce omkhulu lwangaphakathi Ukupholisa yokuvutha injini olongezelelweyo, apho kulungileyo kakhulu. Konke oku, kunye nokusetyenziswa kubaswa azibizi, ukwenza le idiesel uthandwa kakhulu. ukwabiwa Yinyaniso zintsonkothe elithile ufako nogcino lwale isiguquli. Ukongeza, amafutha kufuneka kongezwe igrisi, nto leyo nayo iindleko nto eqolo. Xa Aviation jikelele kukho olukhulu, ngenxa ezi nkalo zingasentla.

umthwalo thermal Ukwandiswa

Siye kwakhona iimpawu eziphambili zale injini. Umzekelo, ngoku uyazi ukuba ziyintoni na uhlobo ubunzima injini noko amandla kunye nobuthathaka yayo. Kodwa ke ndithanda ukuba siqwalasele ezimbalwa iimpawu zoyilo yeyunithi yamandla. Ngokukodwa, siya kugxininisa injini. Isibakala sokuba le diesel enama-emibini ngumgama ubushushu-kwixesha lolayisho, kunokuba i-stroke 4. Oku kungenxa qho le piston. Kubhaliwe ifunyenwe, nto leyo ibabambezelayo ekubeni kwandisa ubushushu egumbini. Kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa pholisa olusebenzayo. Ukuba ukuthetha ngayo eyama, yonke into icacile. Isantya esiphakamileyo kunye komoya eziza benza umsebenzi wabo. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo ezisebenzela kuneqabaka eqatha, xa amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwe-bume engqongileyo kuphela a plus.

Ngamanye amaxesha oko kuyimfuneko olupholisa ngamanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo yindlela zoqobo. Inye kuphela kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo, ngoko ke phezu serviceability kuzo zonke iinkqubo. Nobushushu, nokuba elifutshane, oko kungakhokelela ekubeni jamming okanye ezinye iingxaki. Xa kunjalo, ithuba kufuneka isuswe.

diesel resource

ingqalelo eyodwa kufuneka banikwe injini yocwangciso lwemithombo. Inyaniso kukuba, ukuba ngokwayo idizili namahlelo ngaphantsi kwe kwiyunithi yepetroli amandla. Oku kungenxa nokusetyenziswa uhlobo yesibaso. Oku kushiya esisibambiso egumbini yokutsha kunye injectors. Konke oku kunciphisa kakhulu ubomi nkonzo. Njengoko kuba ngesibetho-ezimbini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi injini kwi injini diesel, ngoko okuninzi kuxhomekeke iimeko zokusebenza, kunye nenkonzo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuba i oyile kwatshintsha kwexesha, kwaye injini akuthethi shushu ngokugqithisileyo, oko ndiyakwazi ukubaleka 200,000 eekhilomitha. Kuba resource vehicles kakhulu omnci ngokomyalelo km 100,000.

iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo

Modern ngesibetho-ezimbini injini diesel iphawulwa isixokelelwano amafutha phambili. Abaleka motor cwaka kakuhle. Kodwa ke akusoloko. Impompo mechanical iye awohluke yayo. Ngokukodwa, umlomo nganye kwilayini eyahlulweyo. Le ndlela ke unobuthathaka, kodwa eyaziwa ngokuba ukuthembeka kwabo maintainability eliphezulu. Kamva ukumpompa ngcono kwaye zibe inzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Kwakukho inkqubo "Common Rail". Amafutha kaloliwe yale hlobo ugcina yengcinezelo ngokomyalelo buziikhilogram kwezigidi ezi-2 sentimitha ngalinye kabini. Nemilomo abaqaphela ngakumbi umgangatho amafutha. amafutha Poor kukhokelela ukusilela yabo ekhawulezileyo.

Ngamafuphi

Ngokubanzi, iinjini diesel enama-mbini iya kuphuhliswa ize iphuculwe. Phofu ke, ngathi injini rotary-piston yokuvutha kwangaphakathi, ukuba abalufumani ebhaliweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwixa elizayo baya babe niche kwishishini ngomatshini. Namhlanje zisetyenziswa-moya kunye nempahla ezinkulu zorhwebo emkhosini. It is a injini ethembekileyo yokonga imali kakhulu, nto leyo unakekelwa ngokwaneleyo kuya kusebenza kakuhle. Ngelo xesha, ukuba ayikho ngaphandle neengxaki. Umzekelo, ingxaki nokoyika lungapholi kunye ukuthambisa ajikeleze. Ebaluleke nangakumbi ngumba wokuba eziphilayo. Ifuna inkqubo ukuhluza ezintsonkothileyo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu elula, imveliso ngobuninzi, ukusetyenziswa kwezi iinjini kuzo zonke iintlobo iimoto kunzima kwaye ayikho kodwa kunokwenzeka. Kodwa ukuphucula inkqubo zeemoto ngokuhlanjululwa igesi uyakwazi ukusombulula le ngxaki kwaye iza kukhokelela kukuba iinjini ngesibetho-mbini iya kabanzi.