Ubomi inkonzo Standard zezindlu olwalusele

panel Building Izakhiwo ibali ezintlanu kwilizwe lethu yaqala malunga phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Indlu yokuqala ezifana eSoviet Union esakhiwe ngowe-1948 ngomhla wesi-5 Street Mount Falcon eMoscow. Yaba ukwakhiwa isakhelo-panel kumabali ezine.

Umsebenzi ophambili we ixesha kwakufuneka ukuba isigqibo iinkokheli lizwe, kwaba ukudala uphuhliso liphantsi projekthi iindleko. lezindlu ezifunekayo apho abantu bahlala kwiintsapho, njengoko kuchasene kuhlale kamasipala.

"Khrushchev" ngemihla yethu

Emva kwamashumi ezininzi zokuhlala ezindlwini panel zonke efanayo ukuba sinxulumana kunye cheapness nokufumaneka. Oku kungoku nje izindlu ethandwayo. Le umhlaziyi market real estate ubize sezizathu eziphambili kukuba izindlu ezinjalo kuqhubeka ukuba kuthengiswa: isantya ngokukhawuleza sokwakha, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye arcade games ezinye iiphaneli isizukulwana yakutshanje kuthelekiswa ukukhululwa ngaphambili.

Noko ke, namhlanje kwimarike zaseprayimari zezindlu olwalusele luthathe akukho ngaphezulu kwe-5%. Isibakala sokuba uninzi iinguqulelo zayo mihla ethengiswa kwimarike kunye nezo icwangciswe kuphela engekhoyo technology monolithic. Ngoku sele kuphuhliswa Economy iiprojekthi ezinkulu, emele kwizakhiwo yonke zokuhlala.

Xa siqwalasela imarike eziziisekondari kuphela, ngoko, umzekelo, eMoscow, malunga nama-45% limele "isokethi", ukwakhiwa iminyaka eyahlukeneyo. Ngomhla emidala zezindlu olwalusele akhawunti ngenxa ekhulwini embalwa kuphela ngumthamo opheleleyo iziphakamiso. Kwaye imfuno nayo ephantsi. Ukuthengwa lwezindlu enjalo - ikakhulu bayahlelwa abo bangenalo indlela ukuthenga into engcono.

Kutheni na ke zitshiphu

Yintoni ecacisa lokufikeleleka kwezoqoqosho izakhiwo panels olwalusele? Eyona nto kukuba umthwalo engundoqo imveliso ufuduswa kwakhiwe isakhiwo kummandla zesityalo izityalo eziphathekayo, nto leyo kwangoko kunciphisa iindleko. Ukongeza kule miba zoqoqosho ezichaphazela imozulu, kuba imveliso ezivenkileni izinto eziphathekayo ngaphandle ngokubhekisele kwimozulu meko lula kakhulu, kwaye ulawulo umgangatho kulula kakhulu kwi mveliso.

Sonke sithanda ukuba ugcine, kodwa ukuba itshivela uhlawula kabini, Ungayilibali nangoku ikufanele. Lo mgaqo usebenza nakwabo ukwakhiwa panel. Kukho iimeko ezininzi xa emva eziho- indlu entsha iingxaki ezithile ziqale nje embalwa.

Zintswelo ekungabonini ukusuka ezingephi ukuya esinzulu gqitha. Kwezinye ezindlini eziwayo iithayile eludongeni, abanye kubonisa ekuhambeni ezivuzayo bulkhead. Yintoni isizathu sokuba oku ngokucacileyo kwesikhumba? Emva wakha definition kufuneka zenzelwe sempilo enkulu kakhulu.

Yintoni kuchaphazela ubomi zezindlu olwalusele?

Into yokuba kukho ingqiqo shrinkage, kwaye kwiqela izindlu inkqubo, ngelishwa, okwekat kolwabelo olungalinganiyo. Enye ingongoma isibetho endlwini - nto ezivuzayo yayo. Ngemilinganiselo lolwakhiwo yaseYurophu, amalungu isiseko ezenziwe insimbi, njengoko waqonda omnye weyona milenze ibaluleke gqitha ekuqinisekiseni iyahlala nokuthembeka izakhiwo. Kodwa isigqibo kubiza umphuhlisi ibiza kakhulu, nezindlu kwakhiwe i aphulukane inqala eziphambili - ixabiso eliphantsi.

Kungenxa yesi sizathu, kwilizwe lethu, oku iteknoloji iye ayifumanekanga isicelo sayo. Ngo-Russia, i-inshorensi isiphambuka anticorrosion iipeyinti, leyo, Kakade, akuqinisekisi umba kukuthembeka.

nezinye lobubi

Ukongezelela, sonke siyazi ukuba umsebenzi wobushushu zezindlu olwalusele ulihlwempu. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa izakhiwo monolithic kunye yezitena. Sobushushu "iziseko" eshiya nje. Kwimeko ntolovelo ezinzulu Russian ngokushushubeza indlu kwindlu eso isiba yingxaki enkulu.

Enye ingxaki classic isakhiwo ngasinye - uphahla lwayo. Lofts kwiqela kwisakhiwo esinemigangatho ezintlanu-akukho ngokuqhelekileyo akukho, kwaye uphahla bavame ukuya ukuvuza. Nokuba bathe benza gable, akuyi ukusombulula ingxaki, ekubeni beentanda bulkhead ngokukhawuleza kuphulukana yobunzima bazo. Icandelo ababhekisi wabhenela sealants mihla, kodwa umyinge wokhuseleko loo iphantsi kakhulu, kwakhona oku kubandakanya iindleko ezongezelelweyo.

Malunga ukuguga yokuziphatha

Isibakala sokuba ubomi zezindlu olwalusele kwithuba lokuqala (ebizwa ngokuba abantu "Xruschevka") zenzeka ngokoqobo, yaye kudala ukususela lixesha ngendlela yokuziphatha, oko akukho mfihlakalo. Amakhitshi yayo encinane ubungakanani, izindlu zangasese kunye zangasese, iisilingi ephantsi, bandula ke bona abavumi Chutes babe ndidinwe elide lokubona. abathengi Modern sele esingaphezulu okanye ephucukileyo ngaphantsi isixa semali, bakhetha ukuba ahlawule imali eninzi kakhulu kancinane imali kweendleko sokuthenga izindlu ophantsi ezikumgangatho.

Kuye kudala ukususela sele ngokusemthethweni waqaphela ukuba kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, eyakhelwe-up, "Khrushchev," lisetyenziswa okungafanelekanga kakhulu. Ezi izakhiwo ezihonjiswe mhlaba zasezidolophini kunye namalungiselelo ezibonelelo zoluntu inani eliphezulu ufudumele. Awushiye ukudilizwa kunye nokwakhiwa isihlalo kwezakhiwo ezitsha mihla kudala akukho amathandabuzo omnye.

Yintoni ubomi zezindlu olwalusele iminyaka engama-80?

ubomi Service - lo njengenqobo leyo eyenza uvavanyo amatyala ekhaya esemagqabini esiphezulu. Masizame ukuvavanya "panels 'lwethu lo mbono. Ukuba siqwalasela lokuqala zibhityile-sibiyelweyo "Khrushchev," ukuba ubomi zezindlu olwalusele iminyaka engama-80 - 50 iminyaka. Kucacile ukuba kwiikota yemvelo neyokuziphatha elide lwezindlu loo ngamandla eyadlulayo ngokwayo.

Olunye udidi amakhaya - panel kunye eziflethini. Oku "phambili" ukhetho ngaphezulwana. Indlu nganye 9-16 imigangatho. Ukwakhiwa yaqala kuluhlu lwabo ukususela ngowe-1965 ukuya 1980. Ubomi inkonzo yesakhiwo esinemigangatho-9 iminyaka eli-100.

njani enye ibe

Iingcali zithi ubomi izindlu mihla olwalusele series ezahlukeneyo imalunga efanayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ulwakhiwo basebenzisa imigangatho efanayo kunye nemimiselo yokwakha.

Gqitha izindlu panel ezintsha wavakalisa yokusebenza noko elide. Ubomi wenkonzo izakhiwo panel indlu ziyilelwe ngokubanzi kwisithuba ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-50 ukuya kuma-70. A series eyahlukileyo (umz, R 44) ixesha esebenzayo eyabelwe eminyaka ilikhulu. Kukho okuninzi C 220, nto leyo likwaneklinkhi ubume zolawulo ndawonye, kodwa izinto beendonga umphandle - izitena. Inkangeleko isakhiwo kufana litye lesikhumbuzo ngezitena. ubomi inkonzo Standard zezindlu olwalusele olu ngcelele iphawulwe kwisithuba seminyaka eli-150. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba olu uhlobo lwe imarike yezindlu i akuxhaphakanga kakhulu.

njani uxolela

Ngokutsho projekthi ukusebenza zezindlu olwalusele ezisanda kwakhiwa wabeka ixesha acwangcisiweyo phakathi overhauls ayisosinyanzelo kwaye ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-25. Enyanisweni, iindleko zokwenene isakhiwo ngaphandle kuncendile enkulu iminyaka 10-15 ngaphezu ezicwangcisiweyo. Njengokuba kude njengokuba ubomi lenjongo House angandiswa? uluvo uninzi kwezethu leengcali ithi ukuba ingqiqo norm apha lunemiqathango kakhulu, kwaye yandisa ukukwazi kwawo ukulungisa nentlonelo. Kakade ke, sithetha malunga nokulungiswa isakhiwo, yaye akukho igumbi elilodwa. Kwimeko yokugqibela, akukho nefuthe elibi kurhulumente obschedomovoe umcimbi onjalo ingasebenzi.

Ngoko ke, ngokutsho iingcali, lenjongo nokusebenza izindlu into engundoqo - ixesha lokwenza ulungiso ezinkulu ngokusondeleyo esweni umsebenzi nokugcina lonke unxibelelwano. Kukho imithetho kwinani labantu bavunyelwe ukuba baphile ngendlela ummandla bevidiyo ethile. Kwimeko ubunyani Russian, le migangatho atyeshelwe eminyaka, ngenxa yoko ekhawulezayo ukugxagxiseka kwezakhiwo ezininzi.

Imiqondiso yokuba isakhiwo likaxakeka

Nkqu nokubonakala indlu yolawulo singachaza ukuba kukho imfuneko yokulungisa. Oku qhalo ndithi kuni neentanda ezininzi hayi nje beentanda nezingerhwexu phakathi iiphaneli. Ukuba uhamba ngaphakathi endlwini, iindonga efumileyo nangexoshomba neziqhumiso, kwakunye zonxibelelwano ezidilikileyo umfanekiso achaza indlela epheleleyo.

An ingxaki ezongezelelweyo, zaba ngabalungisi kukuba, ngokutsho iimpawu zoyilo kaHashabheniya ezinjalo njalo. Ngokomzekelo, inxalenye yale projekthi ibandakanya ukufakelwa neebhetri kunye ngaphakathi kweendonga kwimibhobho ngqo. Nxiba imbalelwano data efanayo ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kokubeka ubomi izindlu olwalusele.

Iindleko zokuhlala alungisiweyo kwimarike real estate angandiswa kangangama-15%, kodwa oku kusebenza kakhulu kwizakhiwo, apho phantsi wokulungisa ezibanzi. Le nto ithatha imisebenzi kwi ukuzifudumeza kunye nesiseko olungaphambili, eluphahleni, ukulungisa stairwells kunye eliphezulu (ukuba ikhona), lo Injengokubengezela le balcony, kunye nezixhobo sifikelele kumbhobho replacement kunye noshishino negesi, kwakunye imibhobho capital procleaning.

amanani esiphezulu

Loo inkqubo yokulungisa olupheleleyo unako ukuphucula umgangatho ikhaya kwaye yandisa kakhulu ixesha emsebenzini wayo. Ukongeza, ngenxa yeenguqu imbonakalo isakhiwo ngcono kakhulu, nto leyo nangoko kuphakamisa ixabiso layo kwimarike real estate eziziisekondari.

Yintoni na ixesha inkonzo zezindlu olwalusele nakubalwa kwi eliphezulu? Ngokungqinelana nemigangatho, ukwakhiwa ufakelo lwesamente kunokwenzeka ukuba zisebenza ukuya kwiminyaka-125, kodwa ukuthobela ngqongqo iimeko ezithile, oko kukuthi, ubuncinane kanye kwiminyaka 25 ulungiso olukhulu ekufuneka wenziwe, i yangoku - yonke iminyaka esixhenxe. Ukuziqhelisa, ukuze afumane ukusuka nabasemagunyeni le misebenzi - umsebenzi phantse engenakwenzeka. Uthintelo kunye nemeko zobugcisa isakhiwo nganye engaganwanga kwenye. Ukulungiswa kungenziwa kuphela emva kokuba izikhalazo ezininzi ngezizathu ezinzulu.

Ngomhla kuvuselelwa izindlu ezindala

Kwikomkhulu, iye yaphuhliswa elide inkqubo kunikwe kwakhona izakhiwo ezindala kunye kwemi-. I lokuqala kulindeleke ukuba kulungiswe isakhiwo endala panel enemigangatho emihlanu, inkonzo azisusileyo kudala waphila yokusebenziseka kwaso. Zombini eMoscow yaye kwiingingqi ngamanye amaxesha kwakukho imizamo yokwakha umntu "Khrushchev". Ngelishwa, le nto kunokuthiwa, iye akuphumelelanga.

Babeza ukuzama loo ndlu uthotho ethile superstructure kungafihlwa yaye ukwakhiwa kwamacandelo ezongezelelweyo. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwagqitywa ukuba iprojekthi ukuziqhuba. Emva kokuba nani liphezulu imigangatho eyakhelwe - enye okanye ezimbini, hayi ngaphezulu. Inkqubo ukwakha izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo phezu kophahla yabangela koqhankqalazo womelele zabahlali. Imfuneko phakathi abathengi zokuhlala ezifana nazo lisusiwe. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwagqitywa ukuba kakhulu inzuzo ekudilizweni kwezindlu ubudala, kulandele ulwakhiwo kwindawo entsha ngakumbi.

Nam ufakelo iilifti okanye ukutshintshwa olupheleleyo yonxibelelwano okanye kwimo ubomi sakhiwo engama-70 basarha izindlu ziya vuselela kunye nemfuno kwimarike izindlu akayi ukwengeza Khrushchev. Ngapha koko, umgangatho panels, kwakunye ubeko wokuqala zokuhlala, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukutshintsha. Isiphelo - nezindlu "Khrushchev" ngeke nanini.

Indlela ekhangeleka ngayo

Njengoko ukuqinisekiswa ubume pre-likaxakeka random yeqela lenjongo House? Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iliso isoloko aphoswe ngaphandle kweendonga eziqhekekileyo, uyaphule amalungu ukwanda. uluvo isazi kanye nangoko ubale iintanda isiseko, nto leyo eyingozi kakhulu. Nokumelana of nokuqiniswa kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni amacwecwe, esongela ekuweni yonke sakhiwo. zonxibelelwano Old bawaphikise iidipozithi zegrabile obungalinganiyo, leyo kuwuvule ngakumbi ingxaki kwaye shortens ubomi izindlu olwalusele. Imibhobho kunye nothungelwano zombane kula makhaya igcwele kakhulu kwaye zonakele. Kwaye ke umbuzo wokuba, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa intuthuzelo nodumo wokuphila. Bayilwele kubaluleke kakhulu ngakumbi into - ukhuseleko lwabantu.