UMbhoxo imbali, imithetho, modernity

Rugby - akukho ithandwa kakhulu umdlalo Russian, nangona kwi West has a zilandelayo enkulu. Ukongeza, le hlobo zemidlalo kufakwa kwiprogram Olimpiki, kwaye kukho ubuncinane kalukhuni, ndoxelelwa ngubani ngqondweni imithetho yayo.

Imbali umdlalo

Kulo mdlalo kukho isixa esikhulu ngamagama emaXhoseni. Kwakhona basoloko bexakaniseka kunye zebhola, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba imithetho efana kakhulu kunye neenjongo. Kunjalo lombhoxo - nto ngokupheleleyo zemidlalo ezahlukeneyo ukuba yavela e England.

Nangona umdlalo ibhola babethandwa e Albion kumaXesha Aphakathi, umhla ezisemthethweni inkangeleko olu qeqesho emidlalo ingqalelo ngo Aprili 7 kunyaka 1823. Kwangaloo mini, ngexesha kwimithendeleko imbeko ekubhiyozeleni loyiso e Waterloo, mmi oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala kwedolophu soMbhoxo besaphula yonke imithetho yomdlalo yayibamba ibhola ezandleni zakhe, batsiba elutshabeni, "isiseko". Uilyam Vebb Ellis iye nje kuphela kube ngunozala umdlalo omtsha, owaziwa njengendawo bembonakalo yayo, kodwa wamazisa elinomthetho wokuqala - ukunciphisa inani abadlali kwiqela ukuya ku ezilishumi.

Enoba oku kuyinyaniso okanye akunjalo - kunzima ukugweba, kodwa lo ilejendi elikhuselweyo iingqondo zabantu, kuquka amalungu lombhoxo ekuhlaleni. imithetho Kamva badalwa ezithile, ibhola iye yafika ifomu mihla, ukuze kube bekhululekile ukubamba kwaye ulahle kude, kwaye ngo-1900, lo mdlalo uye zibandakanyiwe kule program Olimpiki. Kodwa hayi elide - sele 1924 ngaphakathi sikhokelo kukhuphiswano wombhoxo Imidlalo zaye zabanjwa ukuze ngexesha lokugqibela, kwaye ngoku kwitumente enkulu kulo mdlalo kukho neyomhlaba wonke leyo yenzekileyo zonke emi-4. Nangona kunjalo, ngehlobo lowe-2016 abalandeli ndiya kuqwalasela ukubuyiswa lobungangamsha yomnye iintlobo imidlalo kwi-Olimpiki eBrazil.

uhlobo

Rugby - umdlalo esinako ngokuba umfana ngokufanelekileyo. Kunjalo, wahlukana ibhola, nihambe indlela yabo yophuhliso, lona ngokwalo yafumana inani enkulu kwiintlobo. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo zinxulumene ixesha okanye njengabadlali basebaleni. Uhlobo iyimpumelelo lombhoxo-7, leyo yaqukwa kwi inkqubo Imidlalo Olimpiki ngo-2016. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, lo mdlalo udlalwa ikhephu okanye elunxwemeni kwi, kwaye ziya kuqwalaselwa umdlalo eyahlukileyo.

Kwakhona, amadoda amaninzi kaninzi babhidanisa umbhoxo kunye zebhola. Le yokugqibela, ngathi iintlobo zalo waseKhanada bavela iintlobo yangaphambili umdlalo yaseBritani, kodwa ngoku yemidlalo ozimeleyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ekhatywayo, sisebenza iminqwazi ezikhethekileyo kunye nezinye izixhobo nzima ukuba ayikho umbhoxo.

imithetho

Eli lilinge lokuqala weemeko umdlalo senziwa kwidolophu enye soMbhoxo. Ke kaloku kwathi ngo-1846, yaye umdlalo wokuqala esemthethweni ngamazwe kwenzeka ngo-1871. Imithetho zale mihla mdlalo zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Umdlalo lwenzeka kwi kwindawo entsimini hayi ngaphezulu kwe 100x70 leemitha. Kunye iikona yesango ke lwemihlathi ezimbini ezithe nkqo kunye estrip tye. Intsimi olubekwe phambi iindawo ezimbalwa apho imimiselo ukulungiselela ezinye iimpawu kulo mdlalo.
• Umsebenzi ophambili we umdlali - ukuba amanqaku ibhola iqela elichasayo, okanye uhambise ube isithuba ukuba uthinte emhlabeni. Kuba oku, kwakunye nezinye izinto onemveliso, amanqaku zongezwa.
• Watyhutyha phambili aluvumelekanga - ungakwazi kudlule ukufana ibhola kumgca wokukora okanye abadlali umva. Phambili ukuthumela ungakwazi kuphela umlenze le projectile okanye ukusebenza nalo.
• Ukuvumela umdlali kunye kokuqonda ibhola. Injongo - ukuba knock omnye umdlali ezinyaweni zakhe, ngoxa kufuneka enze indlela yokungena ukuya obambisene. ulibambe kuvunyelwe naliphi na ilungu lomzimba ngaphandle intloko kunye nentamo. Oku akuthethi ukuba kufakwe nyathelo okanye amtyhale umdlali welinye icala.
• ixesha lomdlalo yimizuzu 80 ecocekileyo, wahlulwa ube ziziqingatha ezibini. Ophumelele lo iqela ngeli xesha na manqaku.

Kucacile ukuba imigaqo elandelwayo ukuba nzima, kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi ezithile, ezifana pier, ulwe umhlaza. Okokuqala, lo gama ibonisa imeko apho umdlali ophethe ibhola bavale omnye okanye ngaphezulu nabanye abadlali, lo gama kugcinwe ukuqhagamshelana abadlali. Kwimeko yesibini ifike leembaleki umfowunelwa, xa projectile phezu emhlabeni phakathi kwabo. Ekugqibeleni, ukulwa - oko kunto izinto bendalo kunye selo mdlalo. Xa ndamiselwa yena umgwebi, abadlali umgca ngaphantsi icebo ekhethekileyo kungena ngeziqu evulekileyo ngenjongo ukuba ulawulo lwebhola. Nangona kukho uluvo lokuba yombhoxo - oku ngumdlalo esibuhlungu kakhulu, enyanisweni, ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho lwengozi ukubandezeleka engephi.

abadlali

Kule ntlobo odidi, iqela ngalinye lenziwa ababambeleyo 15 ezinkulu 7. Abo basebaleni, yahlulwe yaba phambili 8 abavikeli 7. Umdlali ngamnye, zombini eyokuqala udidi lwesibini, esikhundleni sakhe lenza imisebenzi ethile, omabini ngexesha eziqhelekileyo kulo mdlalo, kwaye kwiimeko ezizodwa. Kwaye nangona kusenokubonakala ngathi umbhoxo nto ukuba abo bangakwaziyo kuqhayisa ukukhula kunye namandla, oko akunjalo. Né kunye nokuhamba maxa wambi kuba kakhulu, ingakumbi xa kuyimfuneko ukuba ilifa ibhola ngexesha ekulweni.

Ekugqibeleni, ubukho inani elikhulu yeendidi ezahlukeneyo zemidlalo, aguqulelwe abantu ngaphandle uqeqesho olulodwa emzimbeni, uthi ukuba abadlali yombhoxo - oku akuthethi neentaba kwezihlunu.

ukwabiwa lwangoku

Rugby - yeyona umdlalo kakhulu zithandwa yesibini ehlabathini, emva kokuba ibhola njengesiqhelo. Idlalwa kumazwe angaphezu kwama-100 ehlabathini lonke, kwaye kumazwe amaninzi ukuba nokuba ithathwa njengomdlalo kazwelonke. Ngowe-1886, iBhodi yoMbhoxo International (IRB) iye yasekwa. Le umzimba iphatha yonke imicimbi enxulumene Games.

Rhoqo kubanjwa lemidlalo. Eyona projekthi inkulu ke neyomhlaba wonke, kodwa kukho kwakhona kukhuphiswano eyahlukileyo amaqela Northern kunye zifaka Southern. Ngaxeshanye kunye inkunzi nemazi zidla zibanjwa lemidlalo. In kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki kude ngexesha lokugqibela umbhoxo waye ezingafakwanga ngenxa imigaqo elawula ikhefu veki phakathi imidlalo ngenxa amaqela ukuba, kukhuphiswano mini-16 akunakwenzeka.