ADR - ntoni na? Sigqibo kwi ukuthutha iimpahla ezinobungozi. Transport kwempahla eyingozi kwindlela

Ngenxa yomsebenzi kwamashishini, amaziko, impilo yabantu akhiwa yinkangala ezahlukeneyo ekufuneka zithuthwe. Oku abuyiselwe etiphini kwakhona, ebafaka kumbutho elihambisayo, ihamba phakathi kwamashishini kunye kakhulu ngakumbi.

ADR - ntoni na?

Nokuthuthwa kwenkunkuma kulawulwa ngokungqongqo liqela izinto zomthetho. Phakathi kwazo kukho imithetho federal, imigangatho karhulumente, imiyalelo kunye nemimiselo. Enye yezixhobo ephambili kule ngingqi ADR. Yintoni na? Esi sivumelwano yaseYurophu ngamazwe imimiselo ukuthutha iimpahla ezinobungozi, waqukumbela eGeneva ngo-1957. Ngexesha zokuhamba inokuba ezahlukeneyo kwiimeko zongxamiseko: umlilo, uqhushumbo, omkulu ngayo izinto eziyityhefu ezinobungozi kokusingqongileyo nempilo yabasebenzi ababandakanyekayo nenqwelwana.

Nenkunkuma - izinto ezinobungozi

Kutheni? Nje, umzekelo, inkunkuma zasekhaya eziyingozi labantu? Ngapha koko, ukuba inkunkuma nje. Okwangoku, lo doti bobabo kwiklasi yesi-4 kobungozi lenkunkuma kokusingqongileyo. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba ukubola inkunkuma zenze filtrate yayo component engamanzi lingena singene amanzi yomhlaba, okusela Ityhefu amanzi, kumbiwa amaqula nokususa. Emva koko amanzi aphuma emlanjeni, nto leyo eyenza kube Asinakusebenziseka ngoLwesithathu ubukho intlanzi, oononkala, isilwanyana nezinye izidalwa zasemanzini. inkunkuma msinyane - yindawo yokuzalela ogqibeleleyo izinambuzane, iimpuku, izinja.

Egcinwe yi imithetho kummandla zeenkampani ezahlukeneyo kuyekwe metal nokubhenca ukuya kwezulu oxidized. Bekunye imvula nekhephu bunyibilike ndzulu umhlaba iikhompawundi metal enzima.

Ukushwankathela kungentla, kuye kucace ukuba phantse nayiphi na inkunkuma - yingozi iimpahla. ADR ilawula ukuthuthwa kweempahla, amisele amathuba zizinto ebekupakishwe, enyama zayo, ukuze iimfuno imoto. Olu xwebhu ngokucalula nokwahlula iimpahla iklasi ingozi. Umthetho olumisiweyo uba itafile iinkcukacha kunye nenkcazelo zonke iipropati impahla - LINGATSHA, zinetyhefu, imisebe, explosiveness, kunye nabanye.

Packaging nokufaka

Umthwalo nganye kufuneka zipakishwe kwaye enombhalo. Ukuze ubonise iimpahla ezinobungozi emaqokobheni ibekwe sikwere icala 10 cm Ukuba yahlulwe square tyaba oxwesileyo, inxalenye yayo eliphezulu isicelo kweziyobisi isimboli ingozi kuthuthwa -. Flames, yaba lukakayi, namathambo umnqamlezo, uphawu kwimitha kunye nomnye, kwaye emazantsi - iklasi yakhe.

Packaging yempahla esikhethwe kuxhomekeke kwimeko yayo udibaniso. inkunkuma kulwelo uthuthwa amatanki, amagubu, isiqina - kwiibhokisi, izikhongozeli, bulk - ezingxoweni.

isithuthi ngasinye kumakishwa ADR. Yintoni na? Imigqomo kwezinto ezinobungozi luphawu ingozi. It is a amacwecwe ebuxande-orenji-bala, equlethe ulwazi: inani imithwalo elabelwe yona kule zokwahlulwa jikelele weZizwe eziManyeneyo, kwaye iimpawu ezinobungozi eklasini, kwakunye ikhowudi ye namanyathelo aya kuthatyathwa xa kuthe-dubulo, umlilo okanye ezifana. uphawu ingozi ibekwe, njengoko umthetho, kwicala kunye Ezomva isithuthi. Ndicinga awayihlangula brigade xa kuthe ingozi.

ukuthuthwa kweempahla

Transport kwezinto ezinobungozi enokwenziwa ngayo nayiphi na indlela yothutho: omlambo, umoya, indlela, kaloliwe. Ngohlobo ngalunye umthetho ofanelekileyo. Amaninzi, le ekuthunyelweni kwempahla eyingozi endleleni. I-Russian Ministry of Transport iye yavuma imimiselo ezifanelekileyo iintshukumo ezinjalo. Imithetho ziqulathe iimfuno kwisithuthi, sheet indlela, umqhubi.

Ngoko ke, ukuthuthwa neziqhushumbisi kunye nezinto ezinokutsha kusetyenziswa imoto kunye ibhetri isusiwe itanki yamafutha. Le yokugqibela kufuneka ibekwe ngaphakathi kothango kwaye lisuswe iintambo, imoto, xa kwimeko umonakalo itanki yamafutha zange ukuya impahla, yaye aphalala kwi emhlabeni. pipe exhaust kuya kwenziwa kwicala kunye ethambekeni phambi radiator.

Ukunqanda kagesi, imoto kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngesiseko ngohlobo kwekhonkco uye phantsi emhlabeni-20 cm, kwaye ube pin metal ukuze isetyenziswe ngexesha ehleli.

Uhlobo car " 'umzimba van kufuneka ixesha elide, avuze-ubungqina kunye umoya, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukuthuthwa umthwalo. isakhiwo umzimba zomthi kufuneka zibe retardants ilangatye.

iimfuno ezithile koomatshini kwikholam. Kufuneka ugcine umgama wakho kunye isilumkiso kakhulu kwiimeko yenkungu.

izixhobo Car

Ukuze zonke isithuthi kufuneka iseti izixhobo kunye nezixhobo kulawulwa yi-ADR. Yintoni na? Zezi:

- izixhobo ulungiso olungxamisekileyo;

- umhlakulo kunye nemali efunekayo esanti kwimeko lomlilo;

- lights orange unikezelo elizenzekelayo ngamandla, nto leyo efakwe kophahla ndlwana isithuthi, yaye kwimeko yengozi - ngaphambili nangasemva isithuthi;

- chocks wheel;

- zoNcedo lokuqala kunye nezixhobo impendulo olungxamisekileyo.

Niyazi ukuba umthetho

iimfuno zomthetho ngokwemiqathango zokuhamba kufuneka zilandelwe kwimeko nganye, nangona kukho ezinye ngaphandle:

- xa impahla zenziwa ngabantu ukuthengiswa ngakumbi ngemiyinge emincinci okanye ukusetyenziswa lobuqu, kuphela xa ifikelela amanyathelo okususa iingozi kunokwenzeka;

- izithuthi olungxamisekileyo ukusindisa ubomi babantu okanye uhlobo:

- iindlela zothutho kunye oomatshini, eziquka izinto ezinobungozi kwiindawo zabo angaphakathi kunye nezixhobo. Kodwa ke kule meko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba kupheliswe ukuvuza kwezinto ezinobungozi kunokwenzeka. Zonke ezi mfuno, uxolelo ka-ADR.

uqeqesho lwabasebenzi

Abaqhubi ababandakanyekayo ukuthutha iimpahla ezinobungozi kufuneka baye kufumana uqeqesho olufanelekileyo. uqeqesho olulodwa ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

- ekufundweni imithetho ukwazisa ngeengozi (marking of impahla);

- isifundo iimpawu ezinobungozi eyalo;

- uncedo lonyango uqeqesho ubuchule kuyimfuneko ixesha likaxakeka;

- iinkqubo xa iingozi - ingcinezelo umlilo, kwamagciwane, yokubulala, ingxelo kumaqela afanelekileyo (consignor kunye Umthunywa).

Kuba iimfuno isiqinisekiso umqhubi, enamakhulu phambi kwakhe inkonzo rhoqo umsebenzi kule isithuthi ayikho ngaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu.

Lo mqhubi unyanzelekile ukuba ugcwalise waybill. Ifanele iphawulwe "umthwalo esiyingozi". Ngemoto, kufuneka ube ikhadi likaxakeka kunye nolwazi malunga ibiya kwiimeko zongxamiseko kunokwenzeka; ikhadi ulwazi equlathe khowudi yasiwa kumbhalo ikhowudi kwamanyathelo likaxakeka.

Iimfuno ezongezelelweyo ze nqwelwana

Ukongeza zonke manyathelo angentla eso sithuthi kufuneka ube nemvume ukuthutha iimpahla ezinobungozi. amaxwebhu Special ezikhutshiweyo inkonzo Rostransnadzora. Uluhlu kwezinto ezinobungozi, ekufuneka ukuhambisa sigqibo, kumiselwa ngokungqinelana ne-ADR. Sigqibo luphawu sheet kwisithuthi ohambahambayo. Ingaveliselwa kangangexesha eliqingqiweyo okanye ukuthunyelwa. Le mvume ukuthutha iimpahla ezinobungozi ingafuneki.