Amandla weGqwetha-yintoni na indlela yokwenza ngayo? Ugunyaziso olubhalwe ngumntu omnye komnye umntu ukumela phambi kweqela lesithathu

Ngokuphuhliswa kobudlelwane bezomthetho, ukuphuhliswa okufanayo kwesikhungo sokumela kubanjelwa. Ngoku bambalwa kakhulu abantu abangaqhelekanga ngolu xwebhu olubizwa ngokuthi "amandla kagqwetha." Nguwuphi umbane wegqwetha ukusuka kumbono weRashiya umthetho oxoxwe ngawo kweli nqaku.

Ingcamango

Amandla egqwetha ukumela iminqweno yesigqeba esisemthethweni okanye ngokomzimba yintsebenziswano yamacandelo, oko kukuthi, ukuze kusebenze, kukho ngokwaneleyo ukuthanda komntu omnye okanye umbutho ukunikezela igunya kumnye umntu (ugqwetha). Ngelo xesha, ukuthanda okunjalo, ngokwemvelo, kufuneka kuhambelane neleta yomthetho. Umxholo wentando yenqununu unyanzelekile ukuqinisekisa injongo yakhe kunye nomnqweno wokunikezela amandla ukwenza nayiphi na inyathelo kummeli. Igosa limele lenze ezi zenzo kuphela egameni lenqununu yakhe kuphela kwiminqweno yakhe. Izenzo ezinjalo ziza kuzaliswa ngokugqiba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo okanye ngokwenza ezinye izenzo zomthetho.

Ukutshintshwa kwexwebhu

Ngokwenza oko, uxwebhu lo mbandela luhanjiswa ngqo kummeli okanye kummeli. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni lo mthengi uthathwa njengomntu oyedwa kwaye akukho mmele ofunekayo ukuba enze, umtshintshi angadlulisela lo mbhalo kumntu lowo umthengi uphelelwe emva koko, okanye kwinto efunekayo ukuqinisekisa ubungqina bommeli. Ngokomzekelo, xa ugqiba ukuthengiswa, umthengisi ogqityileyo igunya lommeli othile unelungelo lokunika umthengi, ukuze aqiniseke ngokusemthethweni kokudluliselwa kwamagunya. Ukuba ezinye iziphathamandla zichazwe kulo xwebhu, umzekelo, ukubhaliswa kunye nomzimba ogunyazisiweyo, ngoko umthengi angangenisa le ngxelo kwinhlangano ebhalisa ngokwakhe.

Iimfuneko

Igunya lommeli, okokuqala, umqulu ongaqinisekisi kuphela igunya lommeli kumntu wesithathu, kodwa kunye nomxholo wamagunya anikwe wona. Ukongeza, ii-counterparties ziqinisekisiweyo ngolu xwebhu ngeli gunya lalo gunya. Oko kukuthi, ngexesha elinikezelwa ngalo igunya lommeli. Ziziphi iinkcukacha zamandla egqwetha? Isihloko saloo mbhalo - "amandla ommeli", kwakunye neenkcukacha ezipheleleyo zomntu wenqununu kunye negqwetha, igama labo elipheleleyo, inani kunye nendawo yolu xwebhu, isayinwa yinqununu kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, umxholo wegunya elidluliselweyo, ihambelana ngqo nabo.

Uhlobo lwexwebhu

Amandla egqwetha angafakwa kwiintlobo ezintathu, ngokusekelwe kumxholo wayo:

• Ongatshatanga;
• Ezizodwa;
• Jikelele.

Eyokuqala ikhutshwe ukwenzela ukusebenza kwento ethile. Umzekelo, ukufumana ipensheni ebhanki ngoJanuwari 2016. Emva kokuthunyelwa kwelo nyathelo, oko kukuthi, emva kokuba ummeli athola imali ebhankini kwinyanga echaziweyo, igunya lommeli liya kuqwalaselwa. Ngeke kukwazi ukuyisebenzisa kwakhona.

Amandla akhethekileyo kummeli weempepha, isampula yayo ebonwa kuyo nayiphi na i-ofisi yomanothi, kunye negunya lommeli kwamanye amagunya lenziwe ngokusemthethweni ukuba igqwetha lenze ezinye zezenzo ezithile. Ukwenza oku, unikwa ixesha elithile. Amacala apho uxwebhu olunjalo lukhutshwe lukhulu kakhulu. Oku kungagqitywa kokuthengwa kunye nokuthengiswa kweentengiso kunye nokubhaliswa okulandelayo, kunye nokudluliselwa kwendawo ethengiweyo yerenti, njl. Kwakhona, phantsi kwamandla akhethekileyo yommeli, igunya lokuqhuba ityala lefa, ukufumana ipropati yefa, ukubhalisa le propati, njl.

Uhlobo lokugqibela loxwebhu olubhekiselele kumbuzo luquka ukudluliselwa kwamagunya omntu omele ukumiselwa kwemicimbi okanye ezinye izenzo zomthetho. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhutshwa kwamagqwetha alolu hlobo kuqhutywa ngamagunya omthetho kumasebe awo (amelwe yintloko yebebe), abameli bezorhwebo, umphathi wethemba. Ukusasazwa kwamagunya asemagunyeni asemagunyeni kwizinto eziqhelekileyo kubantu. Ngokwalo, igqwetha alinakukuqhuba kuphela imoto, kodwa liphinde lenze ukuhlukanisa (ukuthengisa, ukunikela) kunye nokwenza nayiphi na into enyanzelwanga ngumthetho.

Ifom yamandla egqwetha

Uxwebhu oluxutywayo lufanele lwenzeke ngokufanelekileyo. Ifomu yalo ayikwazi nje kuphela kwimiqulu eyahlukeneyo eyenziwe ngokubhaliweyo, kodwa amandla egqwetha angaphinda afakwe kwisivumelwano okanye esinye isivumelwano esenziwe phakathi kommeli kunye nenqununu yakhe (umzekelo, isivumelwano solawulo lwethemba ).

Kwimeko nayiphi na into, igunya legosa lifuna ifomu ebhaliweyo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ezisekwe ngumthetho, ugunyazisiweyo wamagqwetha okanye ukuqinisekiswa ngabanye abantu abagunyazisiweyo kuyadingeka. Ukongeza, uxwebhu kufuneka luqulethe isayinwa yomntu omele. Ukuba inqununu iyinkampani esemthethweni, ngoko, ngokufanelekileyo, loo mqondiso uthatyathwe ligosa eligunyazisiweyo ngamaphepha angamaphepha. Ngokuqhelekileyo lo mntu uyintloko (umlawuli, umlawuli jikelele, umongameli, njl.). Ukongezelela, ukuze uqinisekise ubungqina beli ligosa, i-visa yakhe kufuneka ifakwe uphawu ngophawu lombutho. Ukubhaliswa kwamandla egqwetha liqhutyelwa ngumbhalisi okanye abantu abagunyazisiweyo kwi-rejista yeemali ezizodwa.

Iimfuno ezizodwa

Kwezinye iimeko, izicelo ezizodwa zingenziwa kumagqwetha kunye neemfuno zabo. Ngoko, ukuba inhlangano esekelwe kwipropati kamasipala okanye karhulumente inqwenela ukukhupha igunya lommeli ukuba limele iqumrhu elisemthethweni kumntu wesithathu oya kunikwa igunya lokufumana imali, ezinye iimpahla ezibonakalayo, ngoko ngaphezu kokusayinwa kwentloko kunye nomshicileli wentlangano, kufuneka isayinwe ye-akhawunti yomphathi.

Le mfuneko ilawulwa nguMthetho "kwi-Accounting", enquma ukuba ukuba akukho visa ye-accountant oyintloko yombutho, akuvumelekile ukuba wamkele nayiphi na i-credit okanye imbopheleleko yemali, ukuhlawula, iimpepha zemali. Ukungabikho kweso siginesha kuthetha ukungabikho komqulu. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwinto yokuba lo mthetho usebenza kuwo onke amashishini angomthetho akwintsimi yaseRashiya. Olu xwebhu lubizwa ngokuba ngumbane wegqwetha.

Ugunyaziso kumaziko emali

Isenzo esisemthethweni esilawula ubudlelwane bomthetho esisemthethweni senziwe ukuba ukuqinisekiswa kwelungelo lokusebenzisa kunye nokulahla imali ekhompyutheni kunye nenhlangano yebhanki ingaqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa izifaniso zesigninity ngesandla. Kwakhona, isiqinisekiso esinjalo sinokufumaneka ngoncedo lwazo zonke iikhowudi ezinokwenzeka, iiphasiwedi kunye nezinye iindlela eziza kuqinisekisa ukuba loo myalelo uthathelwe ngumntu onamandla afanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, eli fom kufuneka lisungulwe kwisivumelwano sokugcina i-akhawunti yasebhanki, ephethwe phakathi komthengi-nqununu kunye nebhanki.

Ixesha

Isiqhelo somthetho womthetho sichaza ukuba amandla egqwetha ngaphandle kokucacisa umhla, inyanga nomnyaka wokukhutshwa kwayo ayikho. Ngelo xesha, ukuqwalaselwa kweso siqinisekiso, esilungele ngendlela engafanelekanga, ayinanto kunye nebhunga lomthetho ngokwawo kunye nawuphi na umntu onamalungelo akhe kunye neemfuno zakhe ezichaphazelekayo.

Ukungabikho komqulu kubonisa ukuba akukho kuphela ubudlelwane obusemthethweni phakathi kommeli kunye nommeli oza kubakho, kodwa nazo zonke iziphumo zezenzo zabameli. Ngamanye amagama, zonke iintengiso ezenziwa ngummeli ngenjongo yeenqununu, kunye nezinye izenzo ezisemthethweni ezabangela ukuba kubonakale, ukutshintshwa okanye ukupheliswa kobudlelwane obungokomthetho phakathi kwenqununu kunye nomntu wesithathu, kuya kuthathwa njengento engavumelekanga ukususela kwithuba elenziwe ngalo.

Ukongezelela kokungabikho kwamandla egqwetha elichazwe ngasentla, ukubuya kwamaqela (ummeli kunye nomntu wesithathu) kumalungiselelo okuqala okubandakanya ukudluliselwa komnye nomnye wabo bonke abafunyenwe yintengiselwano yenkqununu kunye negqwetha kunye nelinye iqela ngokumalunga nommeli liya kuba yintsilelo yamandla egqwetha. Kuloo meko xa kungenakwenzeka ukubuyisela okwamkelekileyo (umzekelo, iinkonzo ezifunyenweyo, imisebenzi eyenziwe), imbuyekezo kunye nembuyekezo kwimali elinganayo.

Trust

Umthetho unikezela ilungelo lenqununu ukudlulisela amandla akhe kungekuphela kommeli wakhe, kodwa kwakhona kuye kumntu wesithathu. Lo mntu wesithathu unokufumana loo magunya ngokwenza ummeli wegqwetha ngokulandelelaniswa kwakhona. Ngelo xesha, iimfuno ezithile kufuneka zidibene. Igunya elinjalo lommeli liya kusayinwa ngummeli onikwe igunya elifanelekileyo yinqununu. Kulo xwebhu, ummeli omelelwe ubonisa ukuba ummeli unokutshintshisa amagunya athobileyo kunoma yimuphi umntu wesithathu. Oku kuyimfuneko. Kwimeko apho umqulu ungacacisi ilungelo lommeleli wokunikezela loo magunya, alikwazi ukudluliselwa.

Umthetho-mthetho unika umsebenzi wommeli ukuba azise inqununu yakhe ukuba anikwe igunya kwicandelo lesithathu. Ukongezelela, ugqwetha lisoloko linyanzele ukuba linikezele ngolunye ulwazi malunga nomntu okudluliselwa kuwo lamalungelo, kubandakanywa nalawo anomdla kumntu omele. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ubuhlobo phakathi kommeli kunye nommeli buyimfihlo. Kule meko, kuphela amandla okuphawulwa kwamagqwetha asebenzayo kumyalelo wokunikezelwa kwakhona.

Ukupheliswa

Iimiselo zomthetho wembambano zinika ithuba lokukhutshwa kwamandla egqwetha, kunye nokukhishwa kwayo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho isiphelo kuwo onke amanxulumano omthetho ayenzeka okanye ngokuthanda kommeli okanye ngokuthanda kommeli. Ukuthanda okunjalo kunokuqinisekiswa ngu-notary. Amandla egqwetha angakhanselwa nanini na. Umda welo lungelo unqatshelwe ngumthetho njengengavumelekile. Esinye isizathu sokuphelisa eli xwebhu kukuphela kwekota apho igunya lommeli likhutshwa khona.

Yintoni ukupheliswa kwamagqwetha? Iziphumo

Ngokomthetho, uxwebhu olukhutshelwe ngalo luya kukhutshwa emva kokuba umntu aziswe ngokukhanselwa kwegosa lakhe. Umsebenzi ofanayo unikwe umlandeli wenqununu. Ukongeza, ukukhanselwa kwale xwebhu kufuneka kwaziswe kumaqela esithathu ayaziwa kumntu omele. Umthetho wasemthethweni usungulwe ukuba xa ukhansela umqulu, ugqwetha kufuneka libuyiselwe ngokukhawuleza igunya lommeli kumntu ohanjiswayo. Yintoni igunya lamagqwetha ukususela ngoku? Ukususela kumzuzwana wokupheliswa kwamandla egqwetha, zonke izenzo eziya kubhengezwa.