Amangcwaba baseRoma: Imbali, jikelele

Ubuso abaninzi eRoma, uniko manani, amawaka aliqela eminyaka, mzi kunazo zonke eItali, apho kuza iphepha ubomi inoveli zembali. Waxonxa phezu eminyaka ikomkhulu, apho kakuhle edibene elidlulileyo, ngoku nakwixesha elizayo, kuyamangalisa omkhulu izinto ezikhethekileyo, okwenza ube open-air imyuziyam lokwenene. umlando nezenkcubeko weSixeko Sikho iyafumaneka ukuba abakhenkethi kokwenza uhambo umdla esidlule elikude, kwaye zama iperile waseItali, egciniweyo iindawo zamaKristu.

Catacombe di Roma

Hayi lokuya Orthodox kuphela, kodwa kubo bonke abakhenkethi uze uve into entsha nangaziwayo, iindlela zikhokelele mangcwaba komhlaba baseRoma, i nothungelwano olubanzi okunzima ze tufa, iindonga apho sicinezelwe kunye yayigcinwa for neyemingcwabo. -Level Multi igalari, aluzunguleza isithuba phantsi ikomkhulu eli lizwe, bubonakala ngexesha langaphambi kobuKristu. Eyaziwa yobuhedeni Saracen kunye mangcwaba yamaYuda, nabo bonke oososayensi bafumene labyrinths ngaphezu kwama-60 ngaphantsi komhlaba kwaye malunga 750 lamawaka crypts.

Abaninzi kubo Wabonakala ngexesha lamaKristu okuqala, kwaye gallery kakhulu yokuqala yasekwa ngo-107 AD. Apostol Pet kunye nabafundi bakhe bafumana zilandelayo onyanisekileyo phakathi kwabantu iyaxela ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo. AmaKristu okuqala waseRoma zazisoloko batshutshiswa ukususela koMlawuli ifuna ukuba nguye kuphela wavuma uThixo, yaye amarhamente le nkolo entsha ndamnqula omnye kuphela uKristu.

Amangcwaba senzelwe angcwatywe

Ngaphambili, kwakukho uluvo ukuba la mangcwaba yaseRoma bazimela abantu batshutshiswa amajoni mlawuli, kodwa ayikho: ngo labyrinths komhlaba, apho kusoloko mnyama, akukho mntu waphila, kuba nje akunakwenzeka. Wawabona ingqumbo wezilawuli, amaKristu ezisetyenziselwa emangcwabeni abo babo ababathandayo ngokwahlukileyo zeentlanga ashiywe eqingqiweyo okanye nobunini babucala lamaRoma, ukwamkela ukholo entsha. Baziva bekhuselekile, bemba imigudu kungena tuff nokwandisa iipaseji ezikhoyo, ukudala uthungelwano enkulu okunzima ukuphakama ukusuka seemitha 2.5 ukuya ku-5. Mountain rock misindo kakhulu ethambileyo, ngokulula crumbled, kwaye kulula ukuba dig Umhlakulo eqhelekileyo okanye pickaxe utshintsho kwinkqubo yonke.

A iinkcukacha ezimbalwa malunga ukungcwatywa amaziko

AmaKristu kumacala omabini wendlela ndankqonkqoza kwi yayigcinwa iindonga eDibanisa (loculi) apho ukufaka umzimba ufile. Emva koko uhlobo engcwabeni ezibiyelweyo kunye Iizilebhu ngamatye. amanye Dead bahlamba, uthambise nobulawu, njengoko amaKristu musa bamqhola umzimba, wawusongela kwilinen baze bafakwe emhadini niche, ukuvala ngayo ngezitena okanye iipleyiti apho kwakubhalwe igama epitaph umfi kunye laconic. Amaxesha amaninzi ukwakha eludongeni isibane oyile.

Engontsini ezipasejini emxinwa eqingqiweyo ngokwemaleko eziliqela ukuya kwiimitha ezintlanu. Le mimandla inabileyo komhlaba anqamka kubikuly - yokwayama, ezibe nasemagumbini usapho okanye yokungcwaba kwindawo koopopu kunye ukholo.

Loo nto inika umdla abantu wemba engaphantsi, yaye kamva eziqulathwe labyrinths ikwimeko eyonelisayo, ekuthiwa fossorami, Wabaqhuba kulawulo, ukuba ndikumise oobhishophu. nemiqolomba emininzi zithiywe ngabo, ezifana mangcwaba ka Callistus baseRoma abizwa archdeacon ka Callistus, owaba abangooBhishophu. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane IV, xa ubuKristu kwathiwa unqulo esemthethweni, yonke intshutshiso amakholwa bayekile, komhlaba ambiweyo ngabo, zijongwa kwamangcwaba ezisemthethweni.

Ivula imigodi ukhohliwe

Amangcwaba waseRoma bezithathwa njengesiganeko ebaluleke kakhulu kubomi elikomkhulu, kodwa emva kokuba okunzima kwenkulungwane kuza senkangala, ngenxa yokuba akukho kuphinda isetyenziswe ukuze ube yindawo yokungcwabela kwabafileyo. Emhadini, leyo wajika kungena ezingcweleni lamangqina, amakhulu amawaka zabanquli zazithontelana. Kodwa kungekudala ngokuthanda ngamandla ngoobhishophu baseRoma kumbiwa mazigqithiselwe neetempile umzi.

Ndayihluthwa iintsalela abangcwele ayeze, neegalari bayalityalwa de 1578, xa uqala ukwakha indlela nge Salaria waza wafumana emangcwabeni yokuqala. Ngoko ke mangcwaba ka noPrisila kwafunyanwa - basebukhosini, wayevela kwintsapho isengqiqweni ohloniphekileyo kwaye babe kakhulu ilizwe, apho bekukho ingcwaba komhlaba.

Uphononongo elikhulu-isikali la mangcwaba Yabangcwele eRoma kwenzeka ngenkulungwane XIX, kunye negalelo elikhulu kuphando lwabo kunegalelo Reiman artist Russian wazibhala malunga iikopi nekhulu esekelwe alondolozwe ezindongeni iigalari zawadlela. Ukususela 1929 uqala ukuqokelela inventri zigcinwe imigudu.

Catacombe di Priscilla

inkqubo emhadini engumKristu eyona kakhulu bonke, yaye mdala kubo mangcwaba kakuhle abalondolozwa noPrisila, eyaba kuyabuya ngokwenene. Yayibonisa indlela ezizodwa zobugcisa bamandulo: imizobo kunye imiboniso imifanekiso eNdala kwaneTestamente eNtsha, imizobo ezimibalabala, umlinganiswa ophambili apho akhoyo umalusi olungileyo - uphawu kaYesu Kristu. A nomdla enkulu mangcwaba eRoma igumbi elincinane ngemibhalo ngesiGrike, leyo zafakelwa nezihlalo izidlo zomngcwabo (Cappella Greca).

Of umdla ethile lwenziwa zizazinzulu kwinkulungwane II yomzobo eqaqambileyo, oluveza umfazi ilokhwe ebomvu eqaqambileyo kunye isigqubuthelo ukukhanya. Lo ngumfanekiso zindala njengengcwele ithandaza.

Ukungena imeyizi ngokufihlakeleyo ibekwe kule dilesi: Via Salaria, 430, ukuze abebalwa iibhasi 86 okanye 92. Kufuneka suka e Piazza Crati, uze ulandele iimpawu ezibhalwe nge noPrisila. Fumana zonke emhadini kunokwenzeka kuphela xa yinxalenye yeqela tour.

San Callisto Catacombe di

Nangona kunjalo, lo yokungcwaba lamaKristu inkulu ingqalelo mangcwaba of St. Callistus eRome, wabonakala kwinkulungwane II. Ukolula for ozikilometa eziyi-12 phantsi eCapua ndlela, bamele ekulo level-emine, leyo kubizwa ngokuba 'sisixeko kwabafileyo "kuba kukho ezinye izitrato, iintlangano, yaye isithuba. Neegalari ezo komhlaba, leyo ukudibanisa amangcwaba lamathuba ezahlukeneyo ixesha, kwaye abembi ngoku sisebenza, kwaye hayi yonke yokungcwaba zivulelekile kwiindwendwe. Kuyo yonke imbali apha safumana indawo yokuphumla lokugqibela ukholo abamalunga nama-50 oopopu-16, yaye ibizwa ngokuba lesikhumbuzo uphambili mangcwaba lwamangcwaba zamaKristu.

Engcwabeni kakhulu ethandwayo engcwabeni St. uCecilia (Santa UCecilia), apho ngokupheleleyo wayilondoloza imizobo kunye ebhanyabhanya. Ebaleni kunye igama "Little eVatican" bubuxoki ukuba akhokele iCawa kunye abangooBhishophu Roman kaYesu ezingcwele.

mangcwaba komhlaba, eyathi useleganelwe wahombisa Diakon Kallist, ingqalelo la mangcwaba edume eRoma. Indlela ukuya Catacombe di San Callisto, akhiwe kule dilesi: yaseApiyo Antica, 110/126? iibhasi City wababala 118 (exit kufuneka uyeke igama elifanayo) okanye 218 (ekupheleni ingongoma indlela Fosse Ardeatine) dovezut ukuya yezinto zembali.

San Sebastiano Catacombe di

Eyona olufikelelekayo onke amaziko aphantsi komhlaba level-ezine Saint Sebastian. Ifunyanwa kule dilesi: yaseApiyo Antica, 136, basinda mandundu kakhulu kunabanye. Ngenye Kaka- abahedeni bamngcwaba ngabantu abathandayo, yaye ekupheleni II necropolis ngenkulungwane luthe ungcwalise zamaKristu. Saint Sebastian, ngubani umngeni omkhulu uDiocletian, wafa ngomnyaka 298, yaye emva nokungcwatywa isidumbu sakhe wafumana igama layo ngoku ngaphambili mangcwaba abangachazwanga ka eRoma.

Indlela ukuba bangene imigudu ezizodwa, apho kanye iintlanganiso zonqulo ngemihla intshutshiso kwamaKristu? Ngaba ukufika kubo kwiibhasi isixeko wababala 118 no 218, kunye uphume kwindawo yokumisa kufuneka UCecilia Metella.

Nomtsalane kubakhenkethi yamangcwaba ngokufihlakeleyo

Abakhenkethi abaye batyelela engaphantsi, bayavuma ukuba kunzima ukuchaza yonke uluhlu iimvakalelo kwi phambi amangcwaba zisandula kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezadlulayo.

mizila belusizi ibhungane, nto leyo esoloko cwaka, achukumisa iingcinga kufa, kodwa ukuphuma angaziwayo ukugcina iimfihlelo ezininzi, nangoku itsala abatyeleli abathanda injabulo. Amangcwaba modernity ye eRoma yamandulo zonke abachukumisa kude amaxesha lamaKristu okuqala.