Apis - yenkomo engcwele yaseYiputa

Uphuhliso unqulo zaseYiputa isekelwe kudala zizimvi. Nokuqala kwayo zibonwa kwi Neolithic, xa kukholeleka ukuba ikhona kakhulu isiko yaye-kusekwa kakuhle ngomlingo. Le yokugqibela yi luhlobo nobugqi non-zonqulo, ekubeni njengendlela nokuqhathwa yokusingqongileyo. Kamva, Noko ke, ukuba ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi, baye kwavula amahlelo zonqulo ethile ezininzi.

Imvelaphi ukunqulwa Apis

E Egypt yamandulo, indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho nemidlalo kwezolimo karhulumente. Ukuvuna kwakuxhomekeke lonke ubomi ubukumkani - ihlabathi, impilo-ntle yabantu kunye imeko yezopolitiko. Ngoko ke amaYiputa ngovakalelo olukhulu ezi zinto ukuqinisekisa ukuba isivuno esihle. Izikhukhula iNayile, abemi isinambuzane kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ngenxa ngokubaluleka kwayo ukwenzela ukuchuma lizwe inxaxheba elithile yaye kamva mythologized. Hayi indima yokugqibela phakathi kwabo ebidlalwe zizilwanyana, ingakumbi imfuyo, njengoko umthombo ngqo okanye engangqalanga ukutya bakhonza. izilwanyana olimekayo kungekho ngaphandle. Iinkunzi kakhulu iziqu kuzo zonke izixeko karhulumente, ukunamathela oothixo ezahlukahlukeneyo correlating kunye ngeentsomi. Ebudeni balo ezimbalini zeJiputa Ndazi zeenkomo ezimbalwa emahlelweni endawo kazwelonke abaninzi. kwemvelo Amazing ukusuka yokugqibela ukuya yokuqala ibonisa izithethe ngokukrakra Apis.

Yayingubani lo inkunzi twisiseni?

ukuvela yokuqala ukunqulwa Apis inxulumene iNofu - isixeko elikomkhulu Lower yoBukumkani. Isithixo somzi nje Apis. Noko ke, impembelelo kwekomkhulu kwezopolitiko kunye nenkcubeko kungekudala uza kuyenza ifumaneke ukuhlonipha yalo lonke eli lizwe kunye nangaphaya. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwimbali phambi Apis waqubuda ookumkani basePersi kunye waseRoma. Kuba uhlanga isilwanyana engcwele ngokubanzi iye yaba yenye yemithombo ye ukunqulwa syncretic zikaSerapis uThixo.

Inkunzi engcwele: ubungcwele wezakwalizwi kunye nonqulo

Ukukhokela intetho malunga izilwanyana ezingcwele kwimeko yezithethe zonqulo baseYiputa, oko kufuneka zikhankanyiwe, babe ubungcwele sisilwanyana. Emva Apis waba ucaphulo wentsomi efana inkomo odumileyo yasezulwini kuphela. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, waba ngqo kakhulu ebusweni bakhe, ngoko ukuthetha, ithole lenkomo ethile ephilayo, ogama imimiselo nezithethe ifuna umxholo othile, bayinqule okhethekileyo, yaye emva kokufa kwakhe - yokungcwaba okhethekileyo.

Ngoko ke, kufuneka kuqala ukuchaza ngokufutshane ubugqi Ukufundwa amaYiputa. Bona, njengamanye eyimfihlakalo ezininzi (amaYiputa yayahluke kakhulu imfihlelo umlinganiswa unqulo lwawo), waba ngumntu hlukana trihotomicheskoe yabantu - kumoya, nomphefumlo nomzimba. NgokoMthetho amaYiputa ngokwabo, ezi amacandelo oluntu babe la magama alandelayo:

1. bhut - umzimba wenyama.

2. Ezi iinxalenye ezimbini ezilandelayo ezenza umphefumlo:

• Ka - ebizwa-njalo kabini okanye amawele.
• Hu - umphefumlo.

3. Ba Bai - moya.

A "elithi" efanayo bezakwalizwi abantu bamandulo yaseYiputa faka oothixo bazo. Ngoku kunokwenzeka ukucacisa uhlobo ubungcwele Apis. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, le yenkomo nganye ethile. Isiseko inkolelo kumaYiputa kwinto yokuba le nkunzi yi kokufa kaKareya, okt inxalenye yokuqala umphefumlo, uThixo. KaThixo - oku ngumbuzo kuwo akukho impendulo enye. Kodwa kunjalo, eli inkunzi engcwele Apis - lo lwalo bobungcwele.

Emilibeni isiko elingcwele Apis

Ke kaloku, malunga umnombo izithethe. Inkunzi engcwele amaYiputa ngamazinga ngoothixo eziliqela. Le meko kakhulu okufana uluntu polytheistic okanye uluntu polireligioznogo, yintoni Egypt yamandulo. Inyaniso ukuba iYiputa akuzange kubekho nemfundiso yonqulo abangatshatanga leziko lenkonzo eyodwa. isithethe Egyptian idibanisa iintlobo zezakhiwo zenkolo bazimele geqe ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi. Zingene abo ezahlukeneyo, ukunqulwa Apis ayegqunyelelwe iintsomi ezahlukeneyo, ngoko, ngokubhekiselele kwixesha kamva, unako nokuba imiqathango ukuthetha malunga namahlelo eziliqela Apis.

Namhlanje, iinkcukacha zembali zakudala ukuvumela ukuba angqamane ngokuzithemba uhlobo yokuqala ukunqula uThixo Apis kunye Ptah. It is a umxhasi kaThixo emzini weMemphis. Nalo inkunzi engcwele ezinxulumene amaYiputa abahlala kwesi sixeko. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukwanda indima eNofu, kwaye nalo ke ukuthandwa bakuthandileyo inkunzi engcwele eYiputa. Kamva, zendawo nehlelo indalo waba obscheegipetskim. Oku sichaphazele imfundiso yonqulo. Isiphumo Apis akasinikanga igunya Ptah, yaye kamva waba yenkomo engcwele baqubuda njenge kokufa komnye uthixo - Osiris.

APIs: ubomi nokufa ngaphambi kokuba

Ubomi ke wahlala yenkomo engcwele, yagqitywa a kwintendelezo yetempile okhethekileyo - apiume. Ngeentsuku ezithile imbeko kwalo mkhosi yenkomo zabanjwa (idla ingqamana kwezikhukhula loMnayile) nemibingelelo. Kukho ubungqina bokuba eli xesha lokuba ubomi wanikwa iminyaka engama-25, emva koko kusincede sifeze yenkomo. Eli nani lidla ezinxulumene ne kumjikelo kwenyanga yekhalenda zaseYiputa. Noko ke, obafunyanwa ziinzululwazi eNofu Acropolis, apho mummies bangcwatyelwa ezininzi zeenkomo, musa ukuqinisekisa ulwazi.

Return of Osiris - le incarnation omtsha Apis

Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa ke amaYiputa wayekholelwa ukuba, emva kokufa undoqo kaKareya Apis zokubambela kwakhona kwakhona Ba Bai uOsiris, uze uphinde incarnates-. incarnation New elimiselwe eziliqela iimpawu uphawu (nangoboya emnyama, kwinani lamanqaku ezithile, njalo njalo. D.). Ezinye ababhali inani iimpawu ezinjalo uza 29. Xa kwafunyanwa ithole ekunene, oko lityetyisiweyo, wabuyisa e Apium, apho ngokunzulu, "wathabatha ofisi". Ekubeni eYiputa soyisiwe yenkomo engcwele omtsha.