Aprili 15 - Usuku ulwazi eziphilayo. iholide History

Intsongelo kokulawulwa eziphilayo - enye iingxaki zehlabathi yoluntu. Ukunganqondwa izibonelelo pholisa, isimo sengqondo obambekayo ngokubhekisele zonke izinto eziphilayo ndibeke ubukho abantu, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo busengozini. Eqonda ingozi meko, amalungu UN 1992 yamisela umhla festive: Aprili 15 - Usuku ulwazi eziphilayo.

Yintoni eziphilayo?

Ecology (ukusuka Greek "inzululwazi ye yokuhlala.") - kufundwa yentsebenziswano kwabantu kunye nabanye abantu, okusingqongileyo. Kwakhona cell eziphilayo zabantu, nto leyo ufunda iingxaki zabantu, Homo sapiens impilo ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni, izakhono zabantu.

ulwazi ngokusingqongileyo

Athi ulwazi eziphilayo izakhiwo kunye nemihlaba, iindidi zezinto ngezimanga zendalo. Oku kubhekisela azazi ukuba akhe indlela ephilileyo, ndiyandise eziphilayo, kwaye ukufuna iindlela kangangoko ukulondoloza ubukho iimeko azivumi ukuba bonke abemi kulo mhlaba.

ulwazi Basic yokusingqongileyo kuyimfuneko ukuba ngamnye kuthi ukuba sifunde ukukhusela okusingqongileyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ngomhla Aprili 15, i-Day of ulwazi eziphilayo - umhla ezifanele bonke abantu Emhlabeni.

Ukuphuhliswa eziphilayo nje isayensi

kuthathwa umntu lwasekuqaleni ngokwakhe njengenxenye yehlabathi uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo phezu sezulu, ngoko kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukubukela kwenzeka ntoni ngeenxa zonke, ukuba benze ukugwegweleza sabaqalayo. Ulwazi lokuqala malunga iipatheni olwenzeke yendalo ebengaveli ezikumila yenzululwazi, kodwa negalelo kusinda abantu. izibakala saa kancane kancane kungena kwinkqubo.

Ngenjongo ukuphanda abantu baqala kwihlabathi lamandulo. Lo mthombo wokuqala, abalise ubomi intlanzi, izilwanyana, iintaka, baba imisebenzi Aristotle, "Imbali of Animals". Umbhali lihlawula ingqalelo indlela ulwalamano abazalwana bethu abancinane kunye nendawo zazo. Le miba nako kothethwa ngako ngemisebenzi uTheophrastus noPliny Omdala.

Of umdla omkhulu ekufundweni kokusingqongileyo yaphuhliswa le Renaissance. Izazinzulu ngenkuthalo ngokuhlalutywa enezityalo nezilwanyana belizwe zomthonyama, enye ilizwe, abahambi enkulu. I ulwazi lokuqala eziphilayo abaqalise uRobert Boyl. Injongo yophononongo ukujonga isiphumo womoya endleleni yobomi kwezilwanyana.

Kamva, impembelelo ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo phezu eziphilayo zifundwa Carl Linnaeus, Buffon, JB Lamarck, ukuba izazinzulu ye-Russian Academy of Sciences. Igama elithi "imvelo" yaphakanyiswa kuqala Ernst Haeckel. Njengoko ulwazi elizimeleyo lwenzululwazi ngemvelo kwasekwa ekuqaleni lwekhulu XX. Uphuhliso ngakumbi imfundiso intsebenziswano lomzimba kunye nokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene amagama KA Timiryazeva VV Dokuchaeva F. Clemens, VN Sukachev.

Science liphuhlise indlela entsha VI Vernadsky. Le Isazinzulu yazise ingcamango "noosphere", elibhekisela kurhulumente ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila, esekwe phantsi kwempembelelo yengqondo umsebenzi zabantu. Kwakungamandla awayeqhuba emva kuphuhliso olungaphezulu ebomini on Earth uba ingqondo, oko imiselwe ngokutsha "imvulophu bephila" ye umhlaba ukuze kuxhamle uluntu.

iingxaki Environmental baye baqalisa ukucinga nzulu kwi gqira zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Kumashumi eminyaka kamva, kwaye kwaqalisa ukuba babhiyozele uSuku ulwazi lokusingqongileyo. Imeko-15 Apreli (uluhlu indawo) nemibutho ukuphuhlisa ngokwabo.

amanyathelo

Ukususela ngo-1996, iprojekthi 'Days of ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo ukusuka ubungozi kokusingqongileyo "iqala nyaka ngamnye eRashiya. outreach ekujoliswe iqala April 15. Day ulwazi ngokusingqongileyo ngaxeshanye isebenza ngosuku lokuqala inyathelo.

Malunga neenyanga ezimbini abafundi baqhube izifundo kunye neeklasi practical ekugxilwe lokusingqongileyo. Abafundi Bakhusela Iiprojekthi zezembali zendalo, hlela imiboniso, ehamba phezu ezindleleni ikholoji, ukutyelela mizi, izitishi ngenxa zemvelo abatsha, endle. Abantu abadala bathetha kwiinkomfa neesemina, ingxelo malunga nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zikarhulumente lokusingqongileyo. Ngoko ke, Aprili 15 (Ikholoji Day Ulwazi) e ESmolensk zoo luqala izifundo kumxholo othi "umntu kunye Nature". abasebenzi Arhente bakholisa ukwenza kwi abaselula ukuqonda ukuba abantu - ukuba ekwaziyo zokuthintela nozipho kuphela. Iziphumo zale nkomfa ziya ootitshala nabasebenzi ziko.

Akukho mini ngaphantsi umdla udlula ulwazi eziphilayo (15 Apreli) esikolweni. Ootitshala abathanda ndawonye abafundi iiyure iklasi, ikhutshwa izifundo eziphilayo, ziququzelele iziganeko, izifundo inkosi ngokwenza birdhouses, ukutyala umthi, sicoceke-up, idini ukuvavanya iqondo nomdla uwusindise iplanethi.

Ngosuku yolwazi ngokusingqongileyo (15 Apreli) misebenzi yenziwa ukuze zenze abantu uhlobo ecocentric lokuqonda. In XIX-XX Art. sicinga izazinzulu abemi abaqhelekileyo baba anthropocentric. Ubudlelwane kunye nokusingqongileyo ngelixa utsho ehambelana umlinganiswa Turgenev malunga nendalo, kumasifundisane, kwaye umntu-ngumsebenzi. Kule nkalo ulwazi ecological ubomi bomntu kuqwalaselwa kungekhona ngokwembono 'yintoni kum bume ", yaye ngokwemiqathango nokuba maqhube njani nabanye izidalwa, ukuba zonke kakuhle.

Ingxelo eziphilayo

Azi ingozi Intlekele eziphilayo, amanani inzululwazi ukudala ngeenkalo ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso eziphilayo emhlabeni. Umntu ucinga ukuba ikamva impucuko uya kuba ngumntu ngokupheleleyo. Umntu osondeleyo ingcamango yemveliso non inkunkuma-, zinciphise ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo, wokuhlola ezinye iiplanethi. Nangona iimbono eziphikisanayo, iingcali ezininzi bavumelane into enye: akunakwenzeka ukuba ukulungisa imeko ngaphandle ubugcisa ukutyalwa kwemithi, amasimi umsebenzi kunye yokuphila yaloo mntu.

Le semvelo iya kuba ngaphandle ngabantu, ubukho Homo sapiens ngaphandle biosphere engenakwenzeka. Oku kufuneka kukhunjulwe Aprili 15 (Ikholoji Day Ulwazi), kwakunye nazo zonke ezinye iintsuku zonyaka.

iiprojekthi Global

Kuba okokuqala iinkqubo zokusingqongileyo ngamazwe sathetha ngaye 1972 kwinkomfa phantsi kwephiko UN e Stockholm. Yaba iprojekthi yokuqala jikelele esweni. Ukugada ahlaziyayo amanzi, amahlathi, iintaba, ezinkqantosini, njalo njalo. D. ikhutshwa phandle kwizikhululo ehlabathini lonke.

Ukususela ngo-1986, esebenza i-International Inkqubo Geosphere-Biosphere, iiprojekthi ezibandakanya inkcazelo zotshintsho lwemozulu, imithetho inkqubo yemichiza kwemichiza, uhlalutyo AGRICULTURE DEPARTEMENT eziphilayo. ingqalelo ngenyameko inikwa iimpawu biocenoses zangaphambili uqikelelo. nentsebenziswano eneziqhamo phakathi iingcali ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ikhokelela iziphumo ezincumisayo.