Arbolit okanye ikonkhriti ovundileyo - kokona kulungileyo? Inkcazelo, iimpawu

Lidla kutshanje kukho imbambano malunga kokona kulungileyo - okanye ovundileyo arbolit. Impendulo engagungqiyo nalo kungaba kuphela kwimeko kuphela xa ubani eqwalasela imeko ethile. Ukuba izinto ukuhlalutya uwonke, nganye kuzo ineendlela zayo kunye neengxaki. Eli nqaku liza kunika ingcaciso eya kuvumela ukuba uyakuqonda oko izinto kungcono ukukhetha ukusuka ngentla, ukumelana neenjongo ezicwangcisiweyo.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ovundileyo ngcono, kuba ukumila kwayo ilungele. Abanye athi arbolit yebloko ukuya kwiindawo apho umhlaba engenamandla ngokwaneleyo. Ukuze uqonde oku, uya kukwazi ukufunda eli nqaku.

Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo ngekhonkrithi ovundileyo

Ukuba awukwazi isigqibo - arbolit okanye eziphathekayo, kungcono, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele ezi zinto ngokwahlukeneyo. Xa kuziwa iibhloko gas-eziphathekayo, ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuba imveliso wadala ngokusekelwe fillers izimbiwa kunye nodaka lwesamente. Kwinkqubo wokuxuba izithako ezidityaniswe ubume kwezithako Pore-ukwakha ezikhuthaza ukuyilwa nemingxuma obungabonakaliyo eziphathekayo ziyatyeba itywiniwe.

ikhonkrithi ovundileyo zingasetyenziswa njenge iminqongo esele zenziwe ngohlobo kwesisombululo, wathulula kungena formwork kwindawo yokwakha. Sombulula imibuzo malunga arbolit okanye ikonkhriti ovundileyo - kokona kulungileyo, kufuneka ucinge ngamanye amancedo lwesakhiwo ovundileyo eziphathekayo amazwe. Okokuqala, le nto ine share zingabalulekanga. Okwesibini, kulula kakhulu ukuba ahlawulwe. Okwesithathu, iibhloko leyo ziveliswa kwiimeko mveliso, ube geometry phantse efanelekileyo.

Ngokubhekiselele womxhuzulane ethile, kwimeko concretes gas le parameter iqala 800 kg / m ^3. Inani lokugqibela luya kuxhomekeka kwibakala elithile izinto. Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo iziseko curl kunye nomhlaba ethambileyo yenziwe Bulelani ukuba lula eziphathekayo ovundileyo. Ukuba ugqiba ukuba uthenge arbolit okanye eziphathekayo, kungcono ifanele ukuba bume yakho, kufuneka ukuba wenze isigqibo.

Owokugqibela kwezi zinto kulula ukuqhuba. Lubonakala ngobulali isihlobo kakuhle luze kunqunyulwa. Yiyo loo nto loo amavili eninzi ukuzilimaza diamond na ayiyomfuneko. Ngenxa geometry olucokisekileyo iibhloko ezithe yenziwe ngokuthobela yonke nokumelana elakhelwe ulwakhiwo kuba umsebenzi lula ukuba "Lego," efanayo ukuba umyili ibandla.

Ukuze kube lula umsebenzi kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zokusebenza beendonga endaweni yezisombululo angasebenzisa i kulu ekhethekileyo, oko isicelo ingqokelela of iibhloko eziphathekayo. Kakade ke, iindleko iza kuba engaphezulwana nje kancinane, kodwa isantya yofakelo ziya kwandisa kakhulu.

bendlela ovundileyo

Kuyimfuneko ukufumana phandle kwangaphambili arbolit okanye eziphathekayo, nto leyo ngcono - ukuba awuyazi into ukuyithenga. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba wazi ntoni le ntetho ulwazi kweli nqaku. Umzekelo, ikhonkrithi ovundileyo zinezibonelelo nje kuphela kodwa nezingalunganga. Phakathi yokugqibela kufuneka zenziwe ukuba nasezimfanteni umbandela kakhulu uphuqeka. Ukongeza, i-ezisongwayo akwanelanga ukuba lokwala Ukufudumala olongezelelweyo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwakhona ukuba clutch silubona ezingcakacileyo, ukuba ubukhulu wayo cm-30 ukuya ku-40, oko kuthiwa yomoya ukuzomelezela indlu ka ngekhonkrithi ovundileyo iya kuba kubanda. Ukuba awukwazi isigqibo - iibhloko zomthi-ikhonkrithi okanye ikhonkrithi, kungcono, kuyimfuneko ukuqalisa ukuqwalasela zonke nengeloncedo nganye kwezi zinto. Umzekelo, ixesha ukuba eziphathekayo ovundileyo leyo ibonakala ngamandla, ubandakanya imfuneko ukudala isiseko esiluqilima ogqibeleleyo apho sizinzile kwaye kuthintela kukuvela igqwethwe neentanda.

ukwambathisa Thermal of ngekhonkrithi ovundileyo, nangona iphakamile ngekhonkrithi oluqhelekileyo, kodwa akwanelanga. Ngoko ke, ukuba yakhiwe loo nto iwela panels ubushushu yokugquma ngaphandle okanye izimbiwa wool istro kunye lining elandelayo. Ekuphaphathekisweni ngumoya off iindonga, awukwazi ukufumana bahlukane, kwanokuba beentanda ngcina uya mncane kakhulu.

Kodwa izithuba imilinganiselo mm 12 isisombululo kule ndlela engcono kwaye ukuthetha. Ukuba ufuna ukuthenga arbolit okanye ikhonkrithi, iimpawu zezi zinto kufuneka ingqalelo kuqala. Ngenxa yoko, enomoya eziphathekayo, noxa izinto zayo, kodwa iiyunithi zifuna indlela uxanduva ekwakhiweni. Kodwa ukuba isakhiwo "engqondweni" emva kokugqitywa kuya kufuneka ukubila.

iimpawu zobugcisa ngekhonkrithi ovundileyo

Arbolit okanye ikhonkrithi, iinkcukacha, ukubuyekeza apho uyakwazi ukufunda kweli nqaku, ngokufuthi ezithengwe ngabathengi. Kwimeko yokugqibela amandla imifanekiso uqine uvela kg-25 ukuya ku-50 / cm ^2. Frost inokuba ulingana kuxhotyiwe-50.

Amanzi afunxwa ubunzima yi-20%. iindonga Mass kuyohluka 700 ukuya 900 kg, eliya kusebenza yimitha enye cubic. iyawulwa umlilo eziphathekayo ovundileyo bobabo kwiklasi yokuqala. conductivity yayo thermal yi 0,09-0,12 W / m K.

Inkcazelo kunye okulungileyo arbolita

Kanye eziphathekayo, arbolit kuyinto material ukukhanya. Oku kusekelwe phezu kweenkuni lokufaka kunye eziphathekayo. Kwinqanaba wokuxuba izithako ezidityaniswe isisombululo:

• kwimbuphu yesarha;
• imicu hemp;
• umququ eyaphukileyo.

Oku kukhuthaza ukuyilwa eyakhiwa ezineempawu yokusebenza kakhulu. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, kufuneka uthenge imveliso ezaye zenziwa kunye nokusetyenziswa iqhezu elikhulu lokufaka. Ethelekiswa chips kwimbuphu yesarha kweWCED. Kungcono kwaye umququ ezinqunqiweyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuba ukhona ekomelezeni mxube nobushushu ukonga.

Ukuba ufuna ukuthenga arbolit okanye eziphathekayo, uthelekiso kokona kulungileyo, kuya kukunceda uqonde. Umzekelo, kufuneka yabelwe phakathi nobubi arbolita:

• ukwambathisa thermal ekhawulezayo;
• amandla mechanical phezulu;
• iimpawu zezulu kakhulu;
• ukhuseleko emlilweni.

Kungani ukhethe arbolit

Arbolit ukwahlukanisa kakhulu thermal. Abo izinto ezisetyenziswa umenzi wayo, yiba conductivity thermal ephantsi, nangona kunjalo iindonga ngokwabo kuba umaleko amandla-ukugcina. iibhloko zomthi-concrete eqinile kakhulu. Ngaphandle koku, bona babe ubunzima eliphantsi wamatye singabandakanyi unyanzeliso olongezelelweyo. Lo asinguye Gazoblok. Le nto ngokwayo luyasetyenzwa nje ngoko diamond yokomba asifuneki, yaye kuba imingxuma imveliso kuya kufuneka benze ukuze kwakhiwe amajelo onxibelelwano.

Ukuba awukwazi isigqibo - okanye arbolit gazoblok ukuba ngcono, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele zonke iimpawu ezi mathiriyeli. An arbolita inzuzo ezongeziweyo, umzekelo, uthathwa ukuba lula ingaphakathi. Phezu iibhloko impembelelo ngoomatshini musa ivuthu-, ngokuba bebodlula ovundileyo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba entabeni lenjongo yi iiankile eziqhelekileyo.

Kungani arbolit ngcono

Arbolit okulungileyo ngenxa yokuba nokubunjwa kwayo iqulethe kwincindi, nto leyo iba hygroscopicity eliphezulu. Ngoko ke, iindonga bayakwazi ukulawula ngokuzenzekela ukufuma ngaphakathi. iimveliso ukhuseleko umlilo ngaphezulu, kwaye oku nakubeni phakathi izithako - izakhi iinkuni. Iibhloko awuzitshisi, kodwa nomlilo wabo ngokupheleleyo abakwazi ukuthetha. Ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba umgangatho osisiseko ukhuseleko emlilweni, iinkuni-ezinokwakheka iibhloko kuyo.

nobubi arbolita

Arbolit uye ethile, ukuba imfuno yokukhusela iimveliso nxamnye ibingenakunyakama. Ukongeza, lokufaka ezikhululekileyo akavumi ukufikelela kwifom efanelekileyo kweemveliso. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya kwakhona iindleko, nto leyo maxa wambi pushes abathengi. Ukhuseleko ngokuchasene ukufuma arbolita efunekayo ngenxa yokuba kumafa yayo iqulethe kwincindi. Ukuba le isiphakamiso salo, iya kuqalisa ukudumba nokucazululwa kwindawo izinto rhoqo manzi.

Xa arbolita gazoblok uwina ukuba wokugcina zejometri iparameters egqibeleleyo. Stack gazoblok lula kakhulu. Kodwa ukusebenzisa arbolita ukwakhiwa kufuneka ikhatshwe lihlole kwisikhundla sokuba kumqolo ngamnye ngokusebenzisa inqanaba. Sebenzisa imfuneko olongezelelweyo ngakumbi ilothe, ekuphela kwendlela kuya kuba lula ukulungisa ukungalingani.

Ukucacisa arbolita

Ukuba ufuna ukuthenga arbolit okanye eziphathekayo, kunye nenkcazelo iimpawu ezi zinto kufuneka ukuba zihlolwe. Enye i parameters ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ithathwe conductivity thermal. It arbolita y kuyahluka 0,07-0,17 W / (m · K). Ngokumalunga ne-avareji uxinano, kusenokuba yinto 500 850 kg / m³.

Flexural amandla elilingana 0.7-1.0 MPA. amandla Compressive ngu 0.5-3.5 MPA. Le modulus elastic ka 250-2300 MPA, ukufakwa kwamanzi okulinganayo ku-40 ukuya ku-85%. ukumelana Neqabaka zokufunda 25-50 mijikelo.

Yintoni ukukhetha

Ukuba awukwazi isigqibo ukukhetha - arbolit okanye eziphathekayo, uthelekiso intsebenzo yabo kuya kufunwa. Mhlawumbi kuya kukuvumela ukuba uqonde into eziphathekayo ukuze akhethe. Xa isigqibo into siseza ukukhetha, kuyimfuneko ukuba ingqalelo izinto ezimbalwa ngexesha elinye. Ukuba ngaba kuphela kule mali, emva koko uye phambili kwaye kufuneka ukuba bathenge arbolit. Uya uchithe ixesha elingakumbi kancinci ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo iqokobhe, kodwa aya kukongela kwi usambathisa olongezelelweyo.

Akufanele ubungozi, yaye kwimeko apho ulwakhiwo kuyimfuneko ukuba baqhubeke ihamba emhlabeni. Kulo mba, enomoya ulahlekelwa Arbolito. Noko ke, ukuba ufuna ukukhetha ukhetho lokuqala umbandela, kufuneka ukwakha isiseko esiluqilima. Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa ngekhonkrithi ovundileyo yamkelekile. Apha, ukhathalelo kufuneka kuthathwe ukuba izibalo thermo-technical, njengoko iindleko ubushushu ukuba ngekhonkrithi ovundileyo njani 'ukutya' zonke izibonelelo zoqoqosho.

Endaweni yesiphelo: ncomo

Ukususela amazwi abathengi, ukuze isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi na ngcono - okanye amagwebu arbolit kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya lonke iseti kweemeko. Arbolit, ezifana abathengi ibango ukusebenza ngcono. Noko ke, loo nto kuthiwa jikelele.