Artem Mikoyan (moya): biography, iifoto

alwela Soviet MIG baziwa ehlabathini lonke. Kutheni na ke wabiza kwaye ngubani na umzobi moya owasungula moya? Artem Mikoyan (1905-1970) - moya eSoviet, umzalwana ke ezaziwayo-kakuhle wezopolitiko Anastas Mikoyan, eSoviet Union - yaye injineli moya uMikhail Gurevich ezi bemeko- ezi mlilo. Igama lawo livela ezo oonobumba bokuqala amagama ababhali kunye elithi "kunye". Eli nqaku liza kuthetha malunga nobomi kunye nomsebenzi wangaphambili. Abafundi baya kuba nomdla ukwazi njani ukuba umyili-moya artem Ivanovich Mikoyan.

Imbali wobomi: ebuntwaneni

Ngowe-1905, kwilali esemagqagaleni ezintabeni zeePhili- Sanahin, apha kwisithili Borchali kwiphondo Tiflis, inxalenye Russian Empire (namhlanje Sanahin - isithili Alaverdi, Armenia), wazalwa inkwenkwe, owathi ogama Anushavan. Usapho lwakhe abantwana abaninzi; ke umntwana mncinane womchweli Hovhannes Nersesovich Mikoyan, owayesebenza isinyibilikise zasekuhlaleni kunye Talidy Otarovna - ekhaya. Kwimfundo itakane obandakanyekayo kunye nabantwana abadala, ingakumbi umninawa Anastas - iinkokeli elizayo ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwezopolitiko, iqela kunye nemeko ye-USSR. Ngoko ke, Mikoyan artem Ivanovich - moya - esengumntwana wachitha ezintabeni, apho wayekuthanda ukuba agcine ukubhabha okhozi, iyabiliswa phezulu esibhakabhakeni. Kwafa abantu kule minyaka mi-5 uye wanceda umhlambi iibhokhwe abaphezulu kunye nkomo ezintabeni.

ukubunjwa

imfundo Primary artem Mikoyan wafumana kwisikolo kwilali Sanahin, leyo imi eponymous woonongendi lamaKristu yamandulo - Iziko leeNkcubeko Armenian kule ngingqi. Emva kokufa ngesiquphe uyise Talida Otarovna wagqiba ukuchonga, unyana omncinane yesikolo Armenian wendawo Tbilisi. Yena isidanga kulo ngo-1918. Emva koko ke wabuyela elalini yakhe, ngathi umzalwana omdala, waba nomdla kwizinto olululo, waye wajoyina i-Young Communist League kwaye wada wamiselwa yintloko Komsomol yasekuhlaleni. Emva kweminyaka embalwa of Anastas Mikoyan wamiselwa njengoNobhala Central Committee South-East Bureau of the CP. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqeshwa kwakhe ubiza umzalwana wakhe omnci Rostov wakhe.

Experience umsebenzi

Ukufika eRashiya, artem Mikoyan wangena kwisikolo mveliso "Krasny Aksay", apho waqalisa kufunda Turner, waza wathabatha umsebenzi kumzi-mveliso yasekuhlaleni. Okulandelayo, waye koomasifundisane zikaloliwe. Kangangethuba, yena mfanelo ubuchule bakhe, kodwa uqaphele ukuba ukuze ibe umsebenzi wakhe.

Xa ilizwi, artem Mikoyan, ogama engobomi inikwa kweli nqaku, Yayifuna ulwazi ukufumana kubo, wagqiba kwelokuba aye eMoscow. Apha wavuka-mveliso "laseDinamo" - kanye kuqala kwi-USSR kwinkampani yombane. Kwaba apha walitshintsha igama lakhe artem Anushavan kunye patronymic Ovanesovich - to Ivanovic.

Lomfana ayebambeke umsebenzi wakhe ukuba akazange afumane ixesha ukwamkelwa eyunivesithi. Kodwa ke isityalo, wafumana enye imfundo yobomi kunye inzuzo amava abalulekileyo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi. E Moscow artem-engile shot ukusuka ococa ubuthongo ngokoqobo phantsi isitya sokuhlambela.

Ngelo xesha, umzalwana wakhe omkhulu Anastas sele kubanjwe isikhundla esiphezulu kurhulumente, kodwa junior akazange avumele ukuba babuyele kuye nesicelo ukunika kuye lwezindlu. Xa usapho lwabo oko wamkelwa: wonke umntu wayefuna ukuba uzimele kwaye bangakukhathazi isicelo lomnye. Artem Anastas wabhala kuphela ukuba eMoscow, ndafumana umsebenzi yaye kulungile.

Bakhonze umkhosi

Ekupheleni kuka-1928 A. Mikoyan wayilwa kwi-Red Army waza wathunyelwa kwidolophu Livny, yaye ngoko, ukuba uvuyo lwakhe, wabelwa ukuba Military Ivanovo Ascension School kwisixeko Orel. Emva kokugqiba emkhosini, wathenjiswa ukuba bahlale besesikolweni kwaye bafumana uqeqesho emkhosini, kodwa wala waza wabuyela kwimisebenzi yabo yangaphambili. Kodwa ngeli xesha i "isiguquli".

ebiza

Ngesi sityalo, wakwazi ukungena Air Force Academy ogama emva N. Zhukovsky. Ekugqibeleni, weza iphupha yobuntwana lakhe. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, isiFrentshi wenza likaxakeka igqampe moya kwilali lokuzalwa kwakhe. amakhwenkwe Village, awathandayo Anushavan phakathi kwabo, wagidima waya kukhangela giant intaka-umatshini. Little Anush (njengoko kwathiwa kufutshane ngokufutshane) nomdla wabukela le engumFrentshi Mechanical bajula kumatshini ophaphazelayo, nkqu nobuganga usondela. Wabona amehlo eliqaqambileyo lenkwenkwe, wabiza kufutshane ndiwakhulule ukubona 'ngaphakathi' umqondiso intaka.

Phezulu de waba Air Force Academy, iphupho abazange moya wakhe. Kwaye ngoku ke umfundi kweli lizwe yeziko apho ukufunda uvumo iinjineli mboni. Njengoko umfundi ngomnyaka wesithathu-of the Academy, kwakhona Awalimisayo kumnqweno wakhe artem Mikoyan: moya - oku msebenzi, apho ufuna ukwenza ubomi bakhe bonke. Ngowe-1935, wacezela lwangaphakathi kwiYunivesithi eKharkov. Apha yayifakwe kuqala kwi-ofisi yoyilo, yaye bakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba ekwakheni loo moya, imodeli zovavanyo Hai-1.

umsebenzi Independent: bt ibe nomyili

Xa libuya livela eKharkov artem Mikoyan ndamvuselela kakhulu ukwenza iprojekthi yakhe - ukuveliswa-moya entsha usebenzisa injini moya yakudala, leyo wamnika engineer Shitikov. Kunye nabahlobo bakhe Pavlov Samarinym artem eyenzelwe ezemidlalo ongumzekelo umatshini luphaphazela. Kodwa ngaphaya akaba nako, ngenxa yokuba kungekho mali, akukho zixhobo. Kodwa Balizisa zemizobo moya kwi Osoaviahima yabamba ukhuphiswano lonke. Ukuba uyakholiswa abantwana, yeprojekthi babo ibonwa ilungileyo, kwaye kulo mba, amalungu labagwebi, kwagqitywa ukunika ithuba lokuba abayili abaselula ukwakha iikopi umboniso kulo matshini ezibhabhayo.

impilo Personal

Isiphelo 30 yaba yimpumelelo for Mikoyan, hayi kuphela ngokwemigaqo umsebenzi, kodwa kwakhona kwi-front lobuqu. Wadibana intombazana entle Zoe Lisitsina kwi iqela lokuzalwa lomhlobo wakhe Gevorg Avetisyan. Phakathi kwabo luqhubeka uvelwano, apho kamva lakhula laba uthando. Emva kokuba intsapho yakhe evunyiweyo ukhetho Artyom H. watshata Zoya Ivanovna, uze emva koko intsapho oselula eyabelwe igumbi endlini zoluntu kwi laseKirov Street. , Edlula ukuba baphile Talida Otarovna. Kamva, xa yakhe, Anastas Mikoyan wabhala intombi ukuba ifakelwe ngokugqibeleleyo usapho lwabo Armenian wayenobubele kakhulu kwaye ihlanganise, izithethe Armenian othandekayo. Hi ndlela leyi, yena waye umqeshwa TASS.

imisebenzi olunye

A. Mikoyan, emva kokuphumelela, wathunyelwa njengomncedisi uphando kwi-Design Bureau. intloko yayo yaba moya umyili odumileyo UNikolai Polikarpov. Waba osele nolwazi nge-moya eyenziwe Mikoyan, owathi ngenxa eli xesha sele kwakhiwe, ebizwa ngokuba "Octobrist" kwaye yayisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela iinjongo zoqeqesho Osoaviahima. Wakhangela ofana ethembisa moya artem baza balifaka ukusebenza kwi qela mbono-15.

Polikarpov kungekudala ndaqonda ukuba Mikoyan ayikwazi siphathiswe nje kuphela inkqubo yokuphucula iimodeli ezikhoyo, kodwa ke uphuhliso ezintsha. Kungenxa kweli qela, artem Ivanovich wadibana Gurevich, owathi kamva waba co-umbhali wencwadi MiGs abaziwayo ehlabathini lonke. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi phezu kwabo kuphela emva kokuba A. Mikoyan wamiselwa intloko zokuyilwa bureau inani izityalo 1 Osoaviahima. Kulapha ukuba akwazi ukuba lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo kwi ukuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso zabo.

Artem Mikoyan Grant - best of the best

Isibakala sokuba wakwazi ukudala idabi eyinyaniso kwimbali Aviation Soviet. Mig-1 yaba moya lokuqala avavanywa ubukhulu ngokupheleleyo kwi tonela umoya. Oku kuthetha ukuba ixesha lovavanyo flight ingacuthwa kakhulu, kunye nemiba moya - ngcono kakhulu. Kwaye konke oku iqinisekiswe ngexesha ukubhabha yokuqala. Zonke Abahloli baye bafikelele kwisigqibo eqhelekileyo ukuba moya ogama intsebenzo olungaphaya engaphambili. Noko ke, artem Mikoyan - moya (photo ubona oko kwinqaku) - yayingengobantu esele zisungulwe kunye kungekudala iphuhlise imodeli phambili ngakumbi, ogama MIG-3. Yaba nguye owaba moya ethandwa eSoviet Air Force.

IMfazwe Enkulu Yobuzwe

Noko ke, ebudeni bemfazwe kwacaca ukuba MiGs zethu kwezinye iinkalo nganto moya waseJamani. Emva koko Mikoyan waqala ukuba kuphuculo moya ezaqanjwa nguye. Ngowe-1942, sele inikeza umfuziselo moya enamandla ngakumbi nge injini AM-29. Nangona yokuba waqaphela the best, yena Mikoyan waqonda ukuba moya piston akayi kuba nakamva kwaye kufuneka ukuza into entsha ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye ke kaloku ukuba lo moya eSoviet kufuneka moya kunye injini jet. Kodwa ke, ukuphumeza esi sicwangciso kwaba kuphela emva kwemfazwe, nangona uphuhliso lwabo sele yenziwe kule mihla enzima yemfazwe. Ngowe-1946 wakha MIG-9 yaba lokuqala ubunzima-eziveliswa jet mbono USSR.

Loxolo,

Ngowe-1947, Mikoyan wadalwa enye imodeli - MIG-15. Iimvavanyo zayo zenziwa eKorea ngexesha umlo kule minyaka 1950-1953. Nokwazeka njengoko mlweli intle 40. Yaye nje injini oluphuculweyo, kodwa kwamaphiko utolo-ezimile. Olunye uncedo ngokucacileyo le moya nayo ibe isihlalo pilot ejection. Kangangethuba elide, lo moya MIG-15 yahlala eziphambili Soviet Air Force. Le yaziwa ngokuba "moya-mkhosi."

Ekuphetheni

A. Mikoyan kwiminyaka elandelayo iindlela ezintsha phambili ngakumbi moya zaye zaphuhliswa. igama lakhe kwazeka kuyo ehlabathini. imodeli Latest, eyenziwe nguye, waye MIG-21, nangona wadala ngokusekelwe yophuhliso lwayo lwe MIG-25 ngo-1975, umise irekhodi hlabathi, kodwa wasilela ukubetha. Artem Mikoyan umhlala elibamba Colonel Jikelele. Kabili wanikwa kwisihloko Hero ye Socialist Yabasebenzi. Wafa-moya obalaseleyo ngoDisemba 1970. Eludongeni lwendlu awayehlala kuyo, kwathiwa efakwe a ilitye lesikhumbuzo.