Aster usapho (kanti elithi): iimpawu, iifoto, kunye nabameli

Lo mbuzo uza kuba ngomnye iintsapho ezinkulu phakathi dicotyledons - kanti elithi (kanti elithi). Ngaphandle bengaboni, sijamelene abameli balo phantse yonke imihla - ekhaya, ekhitshini, nasezitratweni. Flowers Aster nomkhaya mhlawumbi ixhaphake kakhulu ezililini zethu yeentyatyambo kunye imiyezo, yaye nekhitshi yinxalenye ngaphandle ioli kajongilanga.

usapho Aster: iimpawu ngokubanzi

Lo mkhaya inani elikhulu kakhulu yokuzalwa, Kunzima ukunika inani ngqo, oko kuluhlu ukususela 1100 ukuya 1300, kunye neentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20,000 Uninzi izityalo ezimvumvuzelwa zizinambuzane. Ummandla unikezelo ubanzi ngokwaneleyo, abameli kule ntsapho zifumaneka yonke imimandla zemozulu: evela ekweleenjiko ashushu yaye kufumile ukuya kumathafa abandayo, phezulu ezintabeni kunye kunxweme yolwandle. Bekhula kumhlaba abamnyama ochumileyo kwesanti entlango. Inani elikhulu kweentlobo enikiweyo Astrov ebanzi isicelo kwezoqoqosho kubomi bomntu.

A isici esasenza zonke izityalo, equka intsapho kanti elithi - a yokudubula complex - ingobozi entlantlu iintyatyambo ezininzi ezincinane yaye angabonwa, kodwa ndawonye zenza i umfanekiso omhle kakhulu.

Ubume wentyatyambo

Igama yokudubula njengoko ithetha ukuba ngokwayo: ingobozi, ngoko kukho umthamo othile, nto leyo mhlawumbi lisongiwe. Capacity - kwandiselwa ekupheleni peduncle, kusenokuba tyaba, khaxa okanye phakathi. Nje phezu kwayo, kwaye kukho ezininzi iintyatyambo ezincinane. Ke ngeenxa zonke singqongwe omnye okanye ngaphezulu bracts. Zonke iintyatyambo kwentsapho zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintlanu:

• Tubular, ngokufuthi androgynous kunye ngaphantsi kakhulu gay. It has ukuma ityhubhu elisuke ekupheleni okanye lomzimba.
• Lozhnoyazychkovye iintyatyambo - ukuba akhiwa jointing i ezinamagqabi ezintathu yaye inani elifanayo amazinyo ilahlwa ophezulu.
• UReed - imilo Corolla ityhubhu elifutshane zokutenxa inowuthi, ezinyibilikiswe kunye. Ngenxa umthetho, kufuneka stamens ezintlanu kunye pistil omnye.
• Funnelform - iintyatyambo imilo azilingani, genderless, Corolla ityhubhu nje luqiniswe ngamandla ekupheleni (ifanele).
• iintyatyambo-ukunaba ezimbini - Corolla elide ngokwaneleyo, kwaye uzimisele yi tabs ezimbini (umlomo). Ngamana kuba efanayo-okanye ulala namadoda.

Xa sithatha umzekelo, loo kajongilanga enye, sonke baqhele ukuba bangaliboni njengoko njengentyantyambo eyahlukileyo sezulu ezintle. Kodwa kuphosakele ngokupheleleyo ukususela kwinqanaba ngenxa Botany. Ekubeni enyanisweni yinto yokudubula, equlethe iintyatyambo ngaphezulu kwama-1,000 abantu ezincinane (tubular), kunye ezinamagqabi ububanzi naorenji eliqaqambileyo okanye omthubi - i ntyatyambo ngengcongolo. umbutho Okumangalisayo entsonkothileyo yaye ubuthathaka, nohlobo kucamanga nkcukacha zincinane.

Abameli entsapho intyantyambo fomula ilandelayo:

* Kha _{(0, edidekile)} Co ₍₅₎ A ₍₅₎ G _(2).

Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba yonke intsapho kanti elithi. Formula flower ziqala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: iintyatyambo ulala kufuneka iinqwelomoya eziliqela yolingano-macala, uluthi, Corolla of ezinamagqabi ezintlanu, stamens 5, pistil ezimbini, maqanda phezu kwabo.

Ubume igqabi nengcambu

Ubume kwegqabi kunokuthiwa kuphela ngokwemigaqo ngokubanzi, njengoko kakhulu iqela elikhulu zezityalo ezinikezelwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ubomi. imbewu zikajongilanga, burdock, enameva neenkunzane, asters kunye zinnias, iYerusalem artichokes, imilo umthi, yarrow, gerberas kunye nezinye - lonke usapho Aster. Uphawu jikelele kukuba lilungiselelo amagqabi, ngokuqhelekileyo rhoqo, kodwa kube ngaxeshanye ngapha nangapha. Imilinganiselo kunye imilo ziyahluka phezu uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu ukusuka milimitha ezimbalwa ukuya kutsho kwiimitha 2-3. Abameli Venation lentsapho becala pinnate. Amagqabi kuba pubescent, ngesidanga ubungnqongqo yahluka, izityalo ezininzi ameva.

Le Ingcambu iqulunqwa kakuhle kwaye uninzi izityalo na isakhiwo ngokungundoqo (taproot aphuhliswe kakuhle kwaye abaninzi paranasal). Umzekelo, kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba ummeli wendlela usapho - edandelion, kunye naye zakhe ingcambu inkqubo eqhelekileyo kwabaninzi. Nokulungalungiswa kungenziwa anquma kunye tuber kusikhumbuza, umzekelo burdock.

Ziziphi iziqhamo zizityalo intsebenzisano usapho?

Kanti elithi (kanti elithi) zezona achenes iziqhamo. Njani na kowomileyo, imbewu iqulethe enye. Pericarp kunye bulishica xa ezivuthiweyo akukho kwaphulwa. imfundo zize achene lunwele ezahlukeneyo, iingqikelelo ngamagwegwe yantlandlolo, leyo nayo negalelo ukunwenwa imbewu ngumoya (edandelion, umhlonyane), kunye nezilwanyana okanye iimpahla zabantu (series, burdock).

ifomu kanti elithi Life

Iifom Life zimelwe phantse ngokupheleleyo, yaye oku ikakhulu ngenxa kwindawo usasazo omkhulu, kodwa bitmap (kanti elithi) - ukuba ubukhulu becala izityalo herbaceous (wonyaka okanye ingaphelelwayo). Imilinganiselo ayifani ngaphakathi uluhlu olubanzi - ukusuka ezincinane kakhulu kubameli nyama- kweemitha eziliqela phezulu.

iintlobo ezininzi amatyholo okanye namatyholo ngendlela ubungakanani enomtsalane (ukuya ku 5-8 eemitha ukuphakama). Umzekelo, melampodium Marsh, lweenkobe ukuzinyela, amahlathi afumileyo Louisiana eUnited States.

Usapho bitmap uye abameli phakathi kwemithi, nangona ke bonke abemi ngasemazantsi. Umzekelo, skaleziya kwi zeGalapagos Islands, owawufikelela-20 ubude, kodwa ke ikho, kwaye kokukhona alifumaneki nangayiphi ekoneni planethi. Okanye izityalo brachylaena sodidi ukusuka eMzantsi Afrika. imithi Giant, nto leyo ibe ziinkuni namandla ngokwaneleyo ukumelana ukubola, kuba leyo kakhulu.

Phezu basike zeAlps of New Zealand haatsiya pushkovidnaya Iifomu yonke a yehlathi. Le kwisakhiwo somthi ukuba ikhaphethi enkulu kugubungela kwisiqingatha semitha ukuphakama kunye ndawo ngokwaneleyo enkulukazi (izityalo omnye akhule ukuya kwiimitha ezimbini ubukhulu).

Found phakathi imidiliya kanti elithi (mica, Mutisya), succulents nkqu uhlobo onge ubomi nje tumbleweed (Centaurea diffusa, asteriscus nenomlanga).

Ngokwemveli, lonke usapho, kanti zahlulwe subfamilies ezimbini: trubkotsvetnye layingcongolo.

bitmap Subfamily (trubkotsvetnye)

Uninzi imibala - tubular. Eli qela kwezityalo iquka izizukulwana engaphezu kwewaka nezizwe ngaphezulu amabini (irenki taxonomic e Botany, nto leyo lingaphantsi ixabiso usapho, kodwa umyalelo ngaphezulu). Umzekelo, i-edumileyo - a bitmap, kalendulovye, oojongilanga, anthemideae, tageteae kunye nabanye.

chicory Subfamily (okanye latukovye)

Isihloko lwabo lwesibini ulwimi, ngokuchaseneyo kwintsapho elidlulileyo iqulethe izizwe ezisixhenxe kuphela, kwaye inani inzala malunga namashumi amabini - inxalenye encinane inani elipheleleyo lezityalo ubandakanyeka kanti elithi. Abameli chicory ikhule phantse zonke kwilizwekazi, imbono idumileyo kwilizwe lethu - yinto chicory, ephawulekayo iintyatyambo eqaqambileyo oluhlaza lithe laqhenqetha ngathi yokhula. Noko ke, isityalo sisityalo elungileyo yobusi, kwaye esetyenziswa upheka iingcambu yekofu.

usapho Aster: ixabiso lesondlo

izifundo kwimeko yezityalo kule ntsapho kudala ithandwa e ukupheka, umzekelo idumileyo - a oilseed kajongilanga. lakubo - North America. Ke zona ngempumelelo kuloo ndawo yethu, kwaye ngoku oojongilanga ezilinywa ngomlinganiselo yorhwebo. Imveliso iphambili yalo - Kakade ke, ujongilanga oyile. Kodwa ngaphaya kwaloo mbewu zaveliswa, amafutha hydrogenated (tallow, ezisetyenziselwa yokulungiselela zebhotolo kunye nesepha), inkunkuma imveliso olusetyenziswa ukondla izilwanyana.

Enye eqaqambileyo kwaye ezityiwayo, kodwa, ngelishwa, musa ukuhluma ummeli yentsapho - artichoke (umfanekiso). Ngokwemveli, oko kuthathwa imifuno, kodwa eneneni oko bud bengawatyi. Njengoko isidlo eyahlukileyo okanye isitya icala, oko zisasazwa kumazwe lweMeditera eMelika.

Famous iimpawu incasa iYerusalem artichoke yayo, kulinywa kungekuphela nje nokutya kodwa njengoko isityalo zobugcisa kunye nokutya.

ixabiso ethile nokunyanga

iintlobo zakhe zokuhombisa kunye nokugqama usapho Aster (ifoto) iyaziwa ixesha elide.

Abalimi eyenziwe iintlobo phantse enyakazela iintyatyambo egadini. Zonke Siyiqhelile laa ethandwayo ngeentyatyambo ifildi kunye gerbera. Ubuncinane kanye lowo iibhedi intyatyambo, asters kulinywa okanye imipha, zinnias kunye mpunzi, dahlia ageratum.

izityalo zamachiza zezona ithandwa kakhulu kwaye iluncedo: chamomile, yarrow, arnica, uthotho, enameva, umhlonyane, tansy, marigold kunye nabanye abaninzi. ukusebenza kwabo kuphilisa umzimba icikidwa nezingqinekayo, decoctions okanye infusions womfuno zezona amayeza zexabiso ngamayeza.

Aster usapho, baziwa, amalungu mhlawumbi, ukuze bonke, banika ihlabathi isixa elingu zamashishini, izihombiso izityalo zamachiza.