Astrakhan: izinto ukuba Loxwebhu, ukhenketho isixeko

Nangona imbali Astrakhan enemvelaphi yayo neenkungu kwexesha, idolophu, nto leyo eyaziwa namhlanje, yasekwa ngowe-1558, xa idolophu encinane, eyayililungu Kazan kunye Astrakhan Khanate. Ukuba hayi inkanuko bukhosi Russian ukuze bandise ulwazi lwabo yakuMbindi ne Lower iVolga, ukuba ukufikelela kwi kuLwandle lweCaspian, imbali kummandla zinokuphuhliswa Kwimeko eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Namhlanje isixeko Astrakhan, ezinika ezo Bagciniwe ngokugqibeleleyo iminyaka 450, oko abahambi ayimangalisi kunye okumangalisayo nobuhle.

History of the dolophu

Imbali Russian yesixeko yaqala emva ngo 1552 emva kokuba angqingo Kazan bawa. Oku uphawu bayahlelwa i Kazan Khanate alusenampembelelo kule ndawo. Astrakhan wabanjwa ngowe-1556, nto leyo kwakuthetha isiphelo ukulawula yommandla Aphakathi na- Lower iVolga of Russia.

Ngokuba indawo endala yomzi aluphumelelanga, njengokuba ibekwe emathafeni vula macala onke, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwakhiwe yokuhlala omtsha phezu kodonga lasekhohlo iVolga River phezu kweenduli zonke eziphakamileyo, nto leyo lungakhuseleki kwi kuphangwa.

Ekuqaleni, isixeko esitsha yakhiwa ngomthi yaye baba ungqameko yodongwe ukukhusela, kodwa njengoko Ivan Grozny wayenomdla Indlu yemboniselo kule sayithi, ngoko ngeendlela zonke apha baphoswe - abantu, imali kunye nempahla.

Isizathu yokuhlasela imikhosi iCrimea Turkish ngo-1569, apho ungayithandi, kodwa wabonisa ukubaluleka Astrakhan. Ukwakhiwa ilitye entsha yesicelo aphawula ukuqala zolwakhiwo inqaba, Liquka iimpawu uluntu Orthodox kuzo zonke iimvelaphi zazo beentlanga ngubani athontelana apha ukususela umbindi Russia.

Ulwakhiwo ilitye yesicelo iindonga kwagqitywa ngo 1589, kunye nokwakhiwa iinqaba ezinqatyisiweyo yagqitywa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVII. inqaba Lilonke yayiquka ezinde ezisibhozo, ezintathu kuzo ekungeneleleni umzi ukusuka kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.

Ububanzi iindonga kunye namandla nqa wonke umntu othe wangena kuloo mzi. Astrakhan, apho izinto ze uqale yesicelo namhlanje, uye wagcina inkoliso inkqubela yexesha. Unobangela iindonga yesicelo zifumaneka ngexesha ibalulekileyo isakhiwo - le yokugcina wompu efihlakeleyo, isigodlo, iinqaba yezikhulu wengingqi kunye nebandla.

Sele kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XVII, waba Astrakhan isixeko esikhulu kunye nokukhula kwabemi, a ephuhliswe kakuhle kurhwebo kunye nemisebenzi yezandla.

yesicelo

Iqale umva xa ukwakhiwa Ivan ngabangcangcazelisi incwadi yesicelo kaThixo yagqitywa ebudeni bolawulo Tsar Fedor Ivanovich Ngexesha Iingxaki.

Wall ukuphakama ukusuka eziimitha ezintathu ukuya 9.5 no ukuya kwiimitha ezintathu nezinyuko ukhuselo kakhulu nxamnye nokungena i iCrimea Khanate kunye Turkish kwakhona intsimi. Umnyango engundoqo sixeko Prechistenskie esangweni, apho ibekwe ecaleni isakhiwo emide ngelo xesha - nenqaba intsimbi, eliquka imigangatho-4.

Esi sakhiwo omdala alondolozwe ukusuka kwixesha yesicelo yi Zhitnyaya ende ebekwe kwicala elingasezantsi. Kanye kwizakhiwo zayo iyadi osendaweni nenqwaba xa kwimeko singqingiwe njalo ke isixeko.

I enamandla kakhulu kwaye zithembeke kwaye enqatyisiweyo inqaba, eyapapashwa kwi iCrimea Way wafumana igama elifanayo. Ahlasela yi iCrimea AmaTatar baba rhoqo, kodwa awomeleze ukuxhathisa.

Ngaphakathi yesicelo inezinye emkhosini, izakhiwo yoluntu kunye zonqulo elo xesha, ezifana Cathedral le vekeleke xona.

Cathedral

Xa isayithi ye-Cathedral, leyo kutyelelwa namhlanje, nathi sake amabandla ezimbini, enye yazo na alapho, njengoko eyenziwe ngomthi, kwaye eyesibini yaba ncinane kakhulu ukuba isixeko likhula ngokukhawuleza.

Ezakhelwe ngo-1710, lo Cathedral olutsha Astrakhan yi wobugcisa ngokwenene izakhiwo ixesha. Cathedral ibandakanya kwakubalulekile-2 emangcwabeni asezantsi ilungiswe. Baye ke sangcwatywa ookumkani Georgian uVakhtang leSithandathu kunye Teimuraz II kunye Metropolitan of Astrakhan iosif Svyaschennomuchenik kunye namanye amalungu zabefundisi.

Inxalenye nakumphezulu yecawa - oko iphangalele yaye izele yetempile ukukhanya amanqanaba amabini iifestile. Ukuba ngo-1702 zange simba iseti lwezakhiwo Cathedral ye kwingcinga namhlanje ukuba nkundla enye enkulu. Ngenxa yale siganeko, ngokomakhi abanetalente yale nqaba Mineev Dorofei ushintshele Isicwangciso sokuqala kwaye kwakhiwa uphahla-5, enizityelweyo ngoku bencoma iindwendwe esixekweni kunye nabahlali balapha.

Yokumisela ibandla asezantsi yayibanjelwe 1707, lo gama phezulu nguye siganeko kwenzeka kuphela emva kokuphela ukwakhiwa ngo-1710.

Ukuba le ndlu yecawa iphambili isixeko kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela, oko zonakaliswe kakhulu ngexesha lokusekwa ngamandla eSoviet. Kuphela 1992, watshintshelwa umva ukuya ecaweni, kunye nomsebenzi baqala ekubuyiselweni kwalo. Namhlanje, lo ngowona yecawa ngoku, nako ukuma phambi kwebandla lonke ngobuhle bayo yamandulo.

Bishops Compound

ezikhumbuzo walondoloza abaninzi abanekratshi namhlanje emzini Astrakhan. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo, imvelaphi yayo elandwa ngexesha zolwakhiwo yesicelo: "wasinda" kwixesha langoku, asingabo bonke, kodwa kwintendelezo Priste yeyona ngaphandle emnandi.

Compound ibekwe kwicala langasezantsi lusekeleke Cathedral kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni XVII kwa- kuphela endlwini kabhishophu. Ngowe-1677 yena wakha kufuphi ezi valiweyo emagumbini ilitye, kwaye ngo-1709 kukho wokongeza i-in ezitsha, nto leyo equka igama Cross Church of uMsindisi wethu.

Emva indlu ubhishophu kaThixo zokutshiswa ngumlilo kwinkulungwane XVIII kade, endiyakhele kumgangatho wesithathu, yaye ngenkulungwane XIX omnye. Bishop xa intendelezo njengenye izakhiwo ezindala isixeko kuluhlu ngokutsha, amacebo apho bonke kamva add-ons uzakususwa ukubuyisela imbonakalo wokuqala sakhiwo.

uCyril ndlwana

Olunye uphawu lidala yingcwele uCyril, eyayise esitratweni. Trediakovsky 2 (Russia, Astrakhan). Isizathu sokuba ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaba ummangaliso eyaboniswa Ngqonyela emva zintathu Ongcwele Monastery.

UCyril wafa ngo-1576 waza wangcwatyelwa woonongendi, kwaye indlwana encinane somthi yakhiwa phezu kwelabafileyo. Yakhiwa besaphula imithetho eziphefumlelweyo ye-Orthodox, njengoko ekungeneni kuyo wayengekho ukuya entshona kwicala lasempumalanga.

Amanxiwa umphathi wokuqala woonongendi wahlala phakathi kweendonga zayo de 1677, kodwa wabonwa nguye umfazi wakhe kunye nabakhonzi bakhe, umfanekiso oomantyi apho uCyril umdala wema ebhokisini yalikhanyisa umnqamlezo idangatye, Astrakhan usisindisile emlilweni.

Imbeko kwemiqondiso umphathi mathambo angcwatywa ecaleni woonongendi, ngaphezu kwabo endiyimisileyo indlwana ilitye kuyo yonke imithetho eziphefumlelweyo. Ngenxa yoko, adibana abakhenkethi kunye abanquli namhlanje.

emzini emhlophe

Ngokwembali, imimandla Astrakhan ukuba kwasekwa ngenxa iindonga zendlu yesicelo kwaye ezimbalwa watyala.

Ngowe-1631 Izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nokuyenza emgceni kwicala elingasempumalanga inqaba phezu kwenduli, Wayengqongwe oluqinile, kwaye waziwa ngokuba White City. Nangona le ndawo kabini yesicelo, oko akwanelanga ukuba zonke abafudukayo abavela Central eRashiya, ngoko kubo, indawo yokuhlala entsha isixeko yodongwe ebizwa. Igama kubangelwa yinto yokuba izithili ezintsha yakhelwe ijikeleze i ngqameko yodongwe ezinqatyisiweyo somthi.

Notyekelo White City e Astrakhan mihla na indlela efanayo kwinkulungwane XVII elikude. Izakhiwo isetyenziswayo le ndawo Bagciniwe Demidov intendelezo nenqaba intente, isikhumbuzi kuphela oyiNgcwele Kumbi Monastery. Kwakhona nomdla izakhiwo kamva, ezifana nezindlu yabarhwebi ukusuka eMpuma neemosque.

Ukongeza ingxenye endala kwisixeko ezinika Astrakhan yakhiwe ngexesha kamva, kodwa waba ezibalulekileyo lomculo bokwakha kule ndawo.

unodoli Theatre

Nangona Astrakhan iPhaphethi Theatre kucingwa ukuba yasekwa ngowe-1986, ikhaya yokwenene evela amagcisa kunye neendwendwe zawo abaselula emva kokuya wezindlu yangaphambili umthengisi Bashkina ngo-1991 kwafika

Le ezinemigangatho emibini isakhiwo zabarhwebi abasusela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX, yathengwa ngo-1889 yi-Grigoriev yomthengisi kwakhona. look Modern ngayo zifumaneka kuphela ngo-1910, emva nezongezelelo ezininzi. Phambi ko-1917, oko egcinwe iibhanki kunye nakwiivenkile imali eninzi.

isakhiwo Zobungangamela, zalungiswa ngo ekuqaleni-imi- 90 lwekhulu XX, waba efanelekileyo ukubonisa zomsebenzi kumabala emidlalo. Ukwakhiwa yeqonga kunopopi ayikho kuluhlu ezikhumbuzo izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo federal.

Lesikhumbuzo ukuze Gabdulla Tukai

imbongi Abantu Gabdulla Tukai ngumseki Classic Tatar uncwadi.

Tukai wazalelwa Kazan ngo-1886, ngo-Aprili 26 yaye wafela khona ngenxa yokugula ngo-1913, Aprili 15, phambi kokuba bafike dvadtsatisemiletiya zabo. abantu Tatar Gabdulla waqonda njengoko Njengomkhuseli ebusweni yabacinezeli. Imbongi wathabatha inxaxheba kwiintshukumo olululo 1905, ukupapasha iphephandaba, nayo iindinyana bakhe etyhila, wayehamba kakhulu, waba Astrakhan, eSt Petersburg, Ufa kunye neminye imizi Russia.

Enomphefumlo wayo elifutshane indishiye umzila enkulu Tukai in Tatar uncwadi. In memory of ukutyelela imbongi enkulu Astrakhan kwi yangaphambili Tatar kwihlomela isikhumbuzo Gabdulla Tukai yatyhilwa ngo-2013

Ngaloo ndlela ke kwabuyiselwa kwisikhumbuzo indoda iinguqulelo, abantu abaqhelekileyo beentlanga ezahlukeneyo kumzabalazo wenkululeko kunye nesidima sabo.

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo ngaphandle Astrakhan

Hayi kuphela izakhiwo zayo zembali Astrakhan odumileyo. Ukuphonononga bathi malunga inomtsalane ekhethekileyo, ibekwe km 130 ukusuka esixekweni. Apha, ngo-1965, siye saqalisa zamaqula ukuba yatyhilwa capital yehlabathi ye-Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, Batu wakha embindini kwinkulungwane XIII.

"USarayi-Batu" iye yaba emoyeni imyuziyam evulekileyo kuba yenziwa "anayo" (2011), emva koko kwakukho imihombiso, kufutshane nje nexesha elithile ngembali Golden mkhosi.

Namhlanje yinto imyuziyam ezimeleyo, nezithi zikhuphe ezinye bemba kwikomkhulu yamandulo.

ukuloba Astrakhan

Akukho yokutsala encinane into okuloba Astrakhan. Isixeko ibisoloko odumileyo njengendawo noshishino lokuloba eziphuhlileyo.

Ukususela ngoJulayi kunye ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha kulo mmandla ukuza abathandi zokuloba, iindawo elungileyo kunye nezolonwabo le Astrakhan kakhulu. Kwi abalobi iVolga elindele babambisa enkulu zeCARP, catfish, whitefish zahlala. Fish kakhulu kangangokuba catch ushiye nkqu wabaqalayo.

unyaka wonke kwezokhenketho

Ngenxa yobuninzi lokuloba Astrakhan - ishishini lokhenketho nenzuzo, wavula iziko elitsha nolonwabo kwiindawo kunye ezilumayo elungileyo. zasebusika Astrakhan akukho enomtsalane ngaphantsi kwe kwiiholide zehlobo.

Ngenxa yokuba zonke iihotele kunye iiholide ngexesha lonyaka abandayo atshiphu, abathandi lokuloba ice kunye nezemidlalo ebusika bakhetha ukuza ngeli xesha.