Bath galvanic ngezandla zakhe. Le nqanawa ke ubushushu webhate galvanic

amagama aqhelekileyo "ngegolide engathi ngumfanekiswana", "chrome" "isilivere ngumfanekiswana" okanye "nickel" sele ngokuqinileyo Lexicon womntu mihla, baza baqonda ukuba phantse ngokuzenzekelayo. Akukho nokuba ucinga ukuba onke la mazwi ngokufihla kuza kuvumela umntu ukufikelela kwinqanaba Impucuko yanamhlanje - electroplating.

Electroplating - yintoni le nkqubo?

Inkqubo electrochemical apho umsinga wombane yi isimemezelo zesinyithi kwi kumphezulu ekhethiweyo, ebizwa electroplating. Loo inkqubo linokusetyenziswa nayiphi na into, kwesa non-iintsimbi. Esi isigqibo ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezi nesingxobo-mveliso eyahlukeneyo. Ngayo ukwazi ukudambisa, isilivere, kwaye chrome ngumfanekiswana naziphi na izinto nokutyetyiswa imbonakalo yabo ngeenjongo zokuhombisa okanye ukutshintsha iipropati emzimbeni lwemichiza ebusweni onombono pfunaka (ukwandisa banxibe ukumelana, ukuphucula kwinkcaso kumajelo ndlongondlongo kunye t. D.). Izixhobo apha webhate galvanic.

iintlobo nesingxobo

Kukho iindidi ezimbini obu bugcisa ziye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi nje kuphela amasebe ezininzi kushishino mihla, kodwa ekhaya. Imvelaphi - electroforming - ijonge ukudala iikopi ngqo into efakwe kwi iindawo ezi ngentsimbi. Okwesibini, i eziqheleke kakhulu ekhaya nasemsebenzini, kukubonelela ubhityile - akukho liyajiya nonwele lomntu - yokutyabeka yonke komhlaba into ebizwe electroplating.

Yintoni na bath nesingxobo?

Ekubeni galvanic kwenzeka ngenxa electrolysis, Kakade ke, ukuba izisombululo electrolytic ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa ngoomatshini kunye zombane. bath galvanic - ngokudibanisa zonke ezi iinxalenye zenkqubo, kodwa iinkalo eziphambili, ezo iimfuno anda, aba umxube (electrolyte) , kunye nesakhono yona. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa kukho intetho malunga nokusetyenziswa electroplating okanye electroforming ekhaya.

Kuba izikhongozeli for electroforming bukhulile, iimfuneko jikelele leyo, phezu kwayo nje into yokuba ezi ntlobo izikhongozeli kugcwele bonke kufuneka zilandele ngqo. Kufuneka ekhaya yaye iikhemikhali cala kumxube wasebenzisa, uyakwazi ukugcina ezifunekayo iimeko thermal (iibhate zokufudumeza electroplating iyintsimbi- kufuneka kulawulwe), kwakunye bekhululekile kwaye ekhuselekileyo ukusebenza. Kwiibhafu ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo.

Iindlela uhlalutyo ehomereni nesingxobo

Ngenxa kwexesha yokusebenza mihla kukho amathuba amatsha localulo electrolyte esetyenziswa kwinkqubo electroplating. Kuyimfuneko ukuba umphumo omhle inkqubo, iyunifom kunye nokwaleka ixesha elide. Uhlalutyo ehomereni electroplating kwiimeko yangoku wenziwe kusetyenziswa iikhemikhali kunye physico-kwemichiza iindlela. Kwimeko yesibini, amaphononongo photometric, polarographic, amperometric kunye neendlela potentiometric ukuba ukunika iziphumo ezingcono xa kujongwa ubume electrolyte.

Ukukhuselwa kwamatanki galvanic

Enye yeengxaki zeenkqubo electrochemical - kukho ukhuseleko amatanki kwimiphumo eyonakalisayo yezisombululo electrolyte (acid okanye kwealkali) apho kwenzeka electrolysis. Ukuba ngokuhlamba yenziwe ngezixhobo cala ezifana neplastiki, akukho ngxaki. Kodwa oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa imiqulu ezincinane. Xa sithatha ufakelo mveliso, kumashishini electroplating ngoko isisombululo isikhongozeli ezenziwe ngentsimbi. Kulo mzekelo, kukho imfuneko ukuzikhusela:

- ukunxibelelana isicombululo inika ubomi ngenkonzo ende;

- ngesinyithi, kudala ubumdaka okungeyomfuneko isisombululo;

- ubugqwetha nokutshintsha yentsimi yombane.

ukhuseleko enjalo ukunika electroplating iibhate akhande lwenziwa izinto Iphepha polymeric ngokusebenzisa air iwelding eshushu.

Ukwenza maqula ekhaya-nesingxobo

Efuna ukuba iindawo Isefu ekhayeni lakho okanye igaraji kakhulu lukhulu. Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba le nkqubo ayikho ekhuselekileyo. umphunga eziyingozi umonakalo, izisombululo bako kwaye ityhefu, ukusetyenziswa kombane kwenza kube nzima ngokwembono ukhuseleko. Kodwa imisebenzi elula efana nesingxobo lobhedu, chrome nesingxobo, nickel kukujonga izinto ezincinane bath ingalandwa ukusuka ngcono. Yaye kulo mzekelo, iimfuno ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane:

- ukuba isikhongozeli isisombululo kufuneka ngqongqo, iikhemikhali cala kunye Heating;

- efunekayo umoya;

- kukho imali eyaneleyo amanzi acocekileyo - inkqubo elula ifuna ukusetyenziswa malunga ezintlanu egeza;

- ubukho kwisikhongozeli kunye nendlela lwaze ungalibali inkunkuma ekungcoleni.

Lwalo elula webhate nesingxobo ingenziwa zeenkonkxa zeplastiki, ukusika isiciko ukusuka entanyeni nokubethelela asemacaleni umbandela nokuqinisa. Okulandelayo, eludongeni eso basinqumla-off amandla, anxibe okanye amatywina izithuthi window. Inyathelo elilandelayo kukuba entabeni ikhava ngoncedo ipiyano iihenjisi ukuya kwelinye icala bhokisi kunye omfisha obandayo eseqweqweni kwaye udonga icala isitya. Umlomo esicikweni eqhagamshelwe ithumbu ngenxa yokubulala umphunga phandle - zeemoto zilula.

Ngoku uhlala ukuba kwenziwe kwinxalenye engentla isitya ngolutya umda i ziintonga zoqhagamshelwano umngxuma ezintathu. Iintonga desirably eyenziwe imibhobho yobhedu 10-20 mm ububanzi, ubukhulu ngodonga ngcono. plyuschatsya iphela of kwimibhobho kwaye bemba imingxuma ukudibanisa izibonda ukusuka umbane. Kwi intonga, ibekwe ecaleni iikona eziwileyo amacwecwe anode kwaye uqhagamshele umthombo ezintle. Intonga engundoqo lanqunyanyiswa inxalenye, yinto cathode enxulumene abakhokela ezimbi. yangoku kunye ombane ekhethiweyo kuxhomekeka kumthamo webhate.

Schemes ekhaya maqula electroplating

Esilula scheme nesingxobo bath ibandakanya abangama imisebenzi emithathu: eneneni galvanizing inkqubo wokulungiselela kunye iphele. Eyokuqala ibandakanya ekucoceni, bamafutha, ngasekhohlo nezokucoca into okanye inxalenye - uqeqesho. Inyathelo lesithathu uvumela ukuba zazise sele isale ngomaleko metal ukuya umba "impahla yorhwebo" uhlobo, ngenxa passivation, kwaye buffing t. D. umsebenzi ngamnye kufuneka ipheliswe yi ngokuhlamba emanzini abandayo yaye acocekileyo. Ke ukuba izinto ziye zaphunyezwa izisombululo obrak, qiniseka ukuba ukwenza ekuhlanjweni, okokuqala ashushu, amanzi abandayo ngoko.

Into, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze idyasi, liqhagamshelene izixhobo umqhubi negative (cathode) kwaye bewuhlisele kungena electrolyte. I-phambili entle ezifakelwe electrode yayisoma yesinyithi (anode), nayo leyo yeyela isisombululo. Electrolysis ukwenza anode enyibilikayo (+) kunye nentsimbi efakwe kwi workpiece, lo cathode (-).

Ixabiso electroplating wemveliso lwangoku

bath galvanic, apho electroforming okanye electroplating inkqubo, isikali yorhwebo omabini umntwana inkqubela, nomkhosi walo lokuqhuba. Ngenxa umbulelo electroplated Ipeyinti kwaphuculwa iimpawu kunye namalungu indlela, kunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa zabo kuyafikelelwa ukuchana aphezulu nokunyuka conjugation ukunxiba bokuxhathisa kwaye nokumelana bandile.