Iinkomo uhlobo inyama: iingcebiso ngokulinywa neempawu

Iinkomo nokuzalana uyazondla ngoku uluntu ukuba mqolo ubudala, ngokusinika inyama, ubisi kunye neentsuba. Kakade ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iintlobo iinkomo zobisi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi kodwa isekhona iinkomo zenyama uhlobo na isiseko kwintlalo-ntle yamazwe amaninzi (Canada, Brazil, Argentina).

Le meko yokugqibela kungenxa yokuba kule minyaka yamva nje aye eziphawulwe yi ukunyuka rhoqo kwamaxabiso lwenyama neemveliso. Ngako oko, ukuzala ezi zilwanyana isiba ishishini inzuzo engaphaya. Isimanga, kodwa inyama lwenkomo eRashiya nangoku inqabile kakhulu, nto leyo a nalufefe.

Iimpawu ezinjalo neenkomo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho ngaphezu kwamawaka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yeenkomo ehlabathini. Kodwa libhekisela inyama elingekho ngaphezu kwesinye ikhulu wabo. Ezi Amawa nabalulamileyo kakhulu kwimozulu kunye neemeko zendalo, kufuneka enokumelana okuhle zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Neentlobo eyiyo iinkomo ezizalayo yenkomo inkqubo mbutho kuluncedo kakhulu kuba ifuna inxaxheba kwabantu ubuncinane kule nkqubo. Into yokuba ezi iimazi hayi kusengwa. Amathole nabo kunye noonina kangangeenyanga ezisibhozo, yaye nayiphi na inkathalelo eyodwa bazifunayo.

Umgangatho imveliso iinkomo zenyama

Ukuba ezifanisa kunye iintlobo zobisi, ukuba abe phi na ochukumisa ngakumbi iimpawu zemveliso: iimazi 100 ngaphandle ngokomyalelo 95 amathole, amathole inkunzi ukuba imini nje enye 1050-1200 grams inyama ehlambulukileyo longeziwe. Kwaye oku nangona yokuba ngamnye kwekilogram ukutyeba ichithwe iiyunithi ukutya 6,5-7 kuphela.

Ukubaluleka ezikhethiweyo kwindawo

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iziphumo eziphezulu zenyama iinkomo uhlobo ibonisa kuphela xa kakuhle ukhethe izowuni elilelona imozulu yendalo. Ukuba uhlobo ayenziwanga siqheliswe ngakumbi ukuba ummandla wakho kwemozulu, izilwanyana lathotywa kakhulu ukumelana nezifo, kukho iingxaki umsebenzi nezenzala, kwaye kananjalo kubonisa iseti elide yamatye.

Ngamafutshane, le imveliso liphezulu isiseko genetic isilwanyana liya kuphela xa ikhoyo nokubakho nemiqathango efanayo njengoko iimeko apho kususwa amatakane kwenzeka. Umzekelo, ukuba ayizise inkunzi yenkomo Aberdeen-Angus uhlobo ukusuka Brazil enye, ze ugqibe ukuba uphume kuyo inzala kumbindi eRashiya, akuthandeki ukuba wena into ebalulekileyo.

Ingaba kukho amatshe ithembisa ukuba iinkomo zenyama ezizalayo eRashiya?

Ingakumbi evumayo ukuba kukho iintlobo yenkomo yeenkomo iindawo ezininzi North abaseAfrika. Kwaye, Isimanga, ezinye iindawo of Western naseMpuma eSiberia. Yintoni amatakane iinkomo kunika imveliso ngokupheleleyo inyama? Iziphumo ezingcono afunyenwe Bibles, Kazakh Whitehead, kwakunye Hereford uhlobo.

Mhlawumbi ekugxileni ntlobo yokugqibela. Nje konyaka onesiqingatha Hereford sele ifikelele ubunzima ubuninzi ngosuku kunye gobies kongezelelwa 1500 grams. Kwi-avareji, ikilogram ithambo ngaphandle ubuncinane 5.5 buziikhilogram inyama nganye. Izilwanyana yale uhlobo yi ukusetyenziswa kakhulu ngokuyimpumelelo kwazo zonke iintlobo zomxhesho ezisetyenziswa ukulima zabo. Ngoko ke, ukususela ekuzalweni ukuba amsike kwekilogram ukutyeba ngasinye bachitha iiyunithi isekutyeni ngaphezu 11.3. Le inkcazo yomlomo ogudileyo kakhulu kubangela zenyama iinkomo (Hereford phantse zonke, hayi nje).

Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye i-Aberdeen-Angus uhlobo, nto leyo esele zikhankanywe apha ngentla. Emangalisayo, kodwa ezi izilwanyana kakuhle ifanele ukuba Russian, kodwa wena kudingeka nje ukuba ufumane abo abameli balo babesele ngubani zona elizweni lethu. Iintsuku ezingama-21 kuphela zingafumaneka ithole ebunzima buziikhilogram 200, umlinganiselo izinga lokukhula ubuncinane 800 grams.

Enyanisweni, uluhlu kubangela iinkomo zenyama nga Makuqhutyekekwe. Wavakalisa ngokupheleleyo ngeke gama, kodwa wayinika kuphela iintlobo zemfuyo ezinokwenzeka ngokwenene ukuzalela iimeko zethu zemozulu.

technology ukulima

Ukuba ufuna ukukhula uhlobo inyama iinkomo, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ukhumbule izigaba imveliso eziphambili ezimbini:

• Kuyimfuneko ukuba aququzelele olukhutshelweyo eyiyo weenkomo umxholo lamathole ezifunyenweyo kunye noonina ubuncinane kangangeenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo.

• amathole ezilandelayo ngokunzulu ngokuzityebisa, kuquka sverhremontnogo.

inxenye impi

Njengoko unokuthekelela, awukwazi ukufumana ingeniso evela zingazala izilwanyana inyama, ndingenabo obam uqoqosho enamandla ngokutya. Makhe ukunika umzekelo olula. Makhe sicinge ukuba enye ngehektare somhlaba wakho, ungafumana ubuncinane 20-30 quintals of oats (oats kilogram ingqamana iqela elinye feed). Kulo mzekelo, ungenza ungenakuxhomekeka kwisiqulatho ngokomyalelo 110-120 izilwanyana. Ukuba ufumana kwihektare 40-45 quintals emveliso, kunokwenzeka ukuba ibe malunga iinkomo nekhulu.

Kwaye - hayi zonke iimpawu lokuba zikhe iinkomo kubangela inyama. Makhe sithethe ngamanye bokuqonda.

Isiseko apho ukudala ifama inyama?

Kukho iindlela ezininzi. Okokuqala, unako ukuthenga izilwanyana zohlobo okanye abatsha zohlobo. Namhlanje kukho kwakhona iqela iteknoloji kubangela inyama ndiseyimbumba abohlukeneyo kwezilwanyana, neziphumo ezininzi apha naphaya ekuhlaleni weenkomo zenyama. Okokugqibela, unako ukuthenga sperm iintlobo inyama ingazalisa naye iimazi ahambele phambili lwe abamnyama-motley ezahlukeneyo (iinkomo bendawo).

Kucelwa niqaphele ukuba zonke iintlobo yenkomo eenkomo - izilwanyana ezinkulu. Achonga iinkomo yokunqumla ukuze iimazi akukho ukwenzakala ngethuba lokubeleka.

Umbutho yokuzala ungowasezinkomeni

Kakuhle eli isiganeko - ukuqokelela ngonyaka ukusuka imazi nganye, nto leyo neminyaka engu komzimba, ithole esempilweni. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko kunjalo amathole umthombo kuphela kwimveliso iinkomo zenyama njengoko le mveliso. Ngokubanzi ukuzala kubangela inyama kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Zezi:

• State of ubonelelo ukutya, inani imfuyo abaselula nendlu yakho.

• Ixesha amadlozi amathole. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kule ndawo kufuneka silumke ngakumbi kangangoko kunokwenzeka: izilwanyana ezincinane ukugubungela nama-15-16 kweenyanga, kwaye ezinkulu - kule 17-18. Umhlambi eqhelekileyo ukuba luthathiwe ngaphambi ngaphezu kweenyanga 24-25 no 26-27. Ixesha le kufuneka iyahluka, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imeko ngokubanzi emzimbeni wezilwanyana.

• Indlela amadlozi. Kakhulu kutshanje kwakukholelwa ukuba imfuyo yorhwebo umgca kuvumelekile cage zeenkomo (ingakumbi xa kukho iintlobo izenzo iinkomo ezizalayo yenkomo). Ngoku yile ndlela bamshiya kuzo. Okokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kakhulu kwandisa umngcipheko eenkomo wegazi. Okwesibini, kunzima kakhulu ukulawula ipesenti kwezilwanyana ziwafakwe kwaye ukucwangcisa ehotele.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kuyo nayiphi na imeko kuyafuneka lokuzabalazela ehotele yasebusika-intwasahlobo. Inyaniso kukuba kule meko iimazi lelona xesha libalulekileyo ukukhulelwa abondliwayo ngokutya kwale entsha eluhlaza kunye namathole, emva kwexesha lweehagu yobisi, ngoko nangoko zizakucima zilayite ukudla uhlaza ngokupheleleyo-enobugcisa. Konke oku negalelo ekufumaneni izilwanyana kakhulu yimpilo nemveliso kunye nokuzalana kubangela yenkomo ibe bubulumko ngokwenene.

Ukuhlola ukusebenza amadlozi

Xa loncwadi ngokwaso ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukufumana ingxelo ukuba Dima mfuneko ukuba zitshekishwe ukuba ukukhulelwa, iinyanga ezimbini emva kokuba amadlozi okanye ukukhwela yendalo. Ndingathanda ukuqaphela ukuba iinyanga ezimbini - ixesha elincinane kakhulu.

Enyanisweni, umntu onamava wezilwanyana okanye imfuyo itoti kunye Amathuba aphezulu ukumisela ukukhulelwa, kodwa apha kukho ithuba elihle isisu kusasa; kwimveku yokuxhamla ubuncwane, ingakumbi kweli xesha, ukuze nankathalo incinane kunye neemviwo efakwa kungakhokelela ekubeni inkomo waba isisu ngexesha lokukhulelwa ekuqaleni . Ngoko ke iingcali ukucebisa ukwenza uphando kubukho ukukhulelwa kwiinyanga ezintathu.

Inani lezilwanyana brakuemyh

Qaphela ukuba le ngongoma kwakhona kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umbutho efanelekileyo inkqubo yokuzala. Kukholelwa ukuba 100 intloko izilwanyana abadala ukuba iphathwe ubuncinane 20 ezingekazali ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngoko ke, kwangeli xesha linye, kufuneka barhoxe evela imihlambi inani elifanayo imazi abadala, abathume ngakumbi ngokuzityebisa phambi ukuxhela.

Enyanisweni, oko zibandakanya yonke imfuyo (iinkomo) .Myasnye lwenkomo kufuneka icocwe ukusuka isilwanyana amahlwempu ngenyameko.

isilumkiso uyinyumba

Nazi manifest kwakhona mbini kokusetyenziswa ukusukelwa yendalo. Kwelinye icala, ubukho lomgadi inkunzi yenkomo leyo ecaleni phantse ngokupheleleyo kungenzeka ukuba njengethokazi karhulumente hunt akayi ukufaka amadlozi. Kwelinye icala, xa kwimeko ngokuqhomfa xa nisaqala umxholo mahala kunye amadlozi kunokukhokelela ilahleko enkulu yemali ngenxa kwingeniso ezilahlekileyo.

Ngokubanzi, kunjalo si yaleza ukusebenzisa afakelwe iisoyi. Kodwa apha, musa ukuphumla. Nazi imisebenzi ephambili ukuba kuya kunceda lahla Dima:

• Bonke batch entsha madlozi ikhangelwe nakanjani. Ukuba kukho naziphi na ukunyhashwa, iqela imbewu kufuneka kuphetshwe kulo mgaqo.

• Qala ijenali esweni iimeko Ubhaqo ubushushu, ukugawulwa eyahlukileyo amadlozi.

• Rhoqo lenze uhlolo olubonakalayo lenkomo. Kwimeko kwezilwanyana kunye izitshanguba le esini lwangaphandle, kubalulekile ukuba ingxelo ngokukhawuleza kwi ingcali zonyango lwezilwanyana.

• Ukuba unomdla ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo ludlolo njengoko necacileyo, zonke ezingekazali ezingenanto (emva kweenyanga ezintathu zokukhulelwa akachongwanga) kufuneka ukulahla, kungakhathaliseki ixabiso zizalele.

• Ukuze nangolunye umjikelo lokuzingela amadlozi, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise zovuselelo hormone. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwiimeko apho ufuna yokugubungela izilwanyana peregulyali ukukhula nokomzimba.

Iimpawu nokuzala kubangela yenkomo

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, eyenkomo uhlobo (iinkomo) luphawulwa ubukho ixesha elide kwethole kunye nomama wakhe. Le ndlela lula izinga eliphezulu lokukhula kwesilwanyana. Kodwa kwakhona nethala ezinye iingxaki.

Inyaniso kukuba ngenxa ukushukuma esisigxina ngomatshini kombele inkqubo hormone imazi eziliqela yakhiwa, oko kukhokelele ekwandeni kweziganeko ekuzingeleni "cwaka" zeziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezibonwayo ayikwazi ukuba andibhaqwa. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka ukuba ufake isicelo iindlela lihlolwa ngakumbi. Ukongeza, kufuneka bajolise kwi lowu ezichongiweyo ukuzingela.

Ukongeza, kukho iintlobo inyama iinkomo nezinye iimpawu umxhelo. Ngokomzekelo, bona babe zonyaka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu yemijikelo ngokwesini. Enyanisweni, akukho ngxaki kuloo: akukho lula ngakumbi ukuba baqwalasele ebusika efanayo kakhulu nasentlakohlaza ehotele, leyo ikhankanywe ngasentla.

Indlela ukugcina inani eliphezulu amathole?

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, amathole - ukuveliswa kuphela iinkomo zenyama, ngoko silondolozwe kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Sincoma ufunda ezi zilandelayo:

• Kuyimfuneko ukwenza isicwangciso wenza lwezilwanyana kunye namanyathelo zoo-technical rhoqo. Ezi ziquka ugonyo, kuxilonga izilwanyana, ulawulo lomgangatho feed kunye nitrogen ngokusisigxina kwemihla kunye amadlozi lwabo ukusebenza.

• Farm, ebonelela iinkomo, kufuneka kuxhomekeka kweentsholongwane kwaye disinfestation ngokuyimfuneko.

• Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uqoqosho kufuneka bakwazi ukufikelela, hayi kuphela bangaphandle, kodwa izilwanyana zasendle kunye esathathwa, ezo amadama ngokwendalo kwezifo ezosulelayo kunye olwaye lwamfimfitha.

Nantsi ukuhlela indlela ukulinywa kubangela iinkomo zenyama.

Umbutho yezindlu olukhululekileyo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, le ndlela iye iqale kwakhona ukuba babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo ku lawula onke amazwe apho kukho ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kuphuhliso imfuyo. Izinto eziluncedo ezicacileyo yayo. Izilwanyana abakhuselekanga uxinezeleko ngaphantsi, banexesha okuninzi uyaguquka. Ukongeza, inkqubo olulula zezondlo umgquba, nto leyo evumela imveliso zitshiphu ngokunciphisa inani labasebenzi kunye nokuvula iiyure.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini iimeko Uluhlu: iindawo ezivulekileyo ngokupheleleyo kunye namagumbi aphezulu anombilini. Amaxesha amaninzi ezi ndlela zidibene, nto leyo evumela ukuba bazuze iziphumo elilelona lifanelekileyo. Kuthekani amathole? Ngapha koko, xa uthe wawagcina kwi gumbi elifanayo kunye nezilwanyana abadala, baya kuba nzima ukondla?!

Maluqhutywe ngolu hlobo. Idlelo kwi gumbi kwenziwa ukuze amathole unako ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo phakathi imivalo umqobo. Xa eli ziko liya kuba iqonga apho amathole aya kudla ngakumbi abasebenzi. Kunye kujikelezo barn kuya kufaneleka ukuba aququzelele i "den" ngenxa iinkomo, leyo bude ngokwaneleyo umququ owomileyo. Apha izilwanyana ukuze aphumle.

Xa kumazantsi lizwe lethu kakhulu amaninzi iyahlutha kunye kwindawo eyadini evulekileyo ngokupheleleyo. site phakathi yi idlelo yangaphakathi walala apho ubuncinane isiqingatha ngokweemitha umququ owomileyo. Nkqu iimeko zasebusika emazantsi (leyo intle), izilwanyana uya kuba nobubele. Inyaniso kukuba umchamo kwabo ngendle, leyo ngokukhawuleza uba umququ desensitised, ukukhuthaza ukusabela kwemichiza apho ivelele imali kunokuba kakhulu ubushushu.

Kakade ke, ukuba izilwanyana kufuneka ukuba kwihotele ngaphambi kwexesha ukuqhuba kude ngendlela eyahlukileyo, emalitshintshwe apha kweli gumbi. Oku kuya kuthintela ukufa izilwanyana ukusuka ukuqunjelwa, kwaye amathokazi aya ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo amathuba ukwenzeka semibele.

Kulo lonke ixesha kwenkunkuma umkhuhlane kongezelelwa ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa -hamba ngokupheleleyo paddocks musa ukuvelisa. Entwasahlobo, xa isilwanyana idluliselwa emadlelweni free-uluhlu indlela umxholo ukuqhuba nje ugandaganda kwaye iinqumba wonke umgquba ukugeleza.

Kwi ukusukelwa free

Nenye. Ukuba ngaba ukhetha ukusebenzisa ngenxa yenkomo amadlozi, kufuneka bazazi umthwalo elilelona kuyo. Kukholelwa ukuba umvelisi omnye kufuneka ungabi ngaphezu iinkomo 35-40. Enyanisweni, umthwalo angandiswa, kodwa inkunzi kufuneka ukwimo elungileyo ngokomzimba. Ngaphezu koko, kungakuhle ukuba aququzelele neencwadi zayo ukondla protein (kubandakanywa nezo imvelaphi zezilwanyana).

Nantsi into ekufuneka uyenze ukuze unikele ingqalelo, ukuba uza ezizalana iinkomo inyama uhlobo.