Isichumiso Ulwelo: igama, isicelo. Stimulators lokukhula kwezityalo

Enye yezona ndlela isebenzayo ukukhuthaza ukukhula izilimo ukusetyenziswa kwezichumiso kwezimbiwa. Eli qela imelwe kwimarike kweemveliso agro-technical kwiintlobo ezininzi yonikezelo. Elula kakhulu kwaye ithandwayo iimveliso granular, kodwa imali ulwelo zibonisa isiphumo ebalulekileyo kakhulu. Isibakala sokuba eli candelo kwiifom kunye neendlela ukusebenzisa unikezelo sibangelwa hayi kuphela iimfuno ngokoMthetho isicelo ngqo kwemali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, engamanzi nezichumiso ezineefitsha noshowo into esebenzayo, nto leyo evumela ukuba indlela enjalo yaziswa emhlabeni. Ngelo efanayo ixesha elimiselwe ngumsebenzisi kunye nomgangatho ezikhethekileyo kule hlobo isichumiso.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga kwesichumiso ulwelo

Class izichumiso ulwelo ngokusekelwe basis izimbiwa kunye lufumaneka ngezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke onke amalungu eli qela zahluke kokuqulathwe ammonia kunye nitrogen izixa ezithile. Eyona hlobo luqhelekileyo sichumisi ngumxube khabhayithi-ammoniac (CAS), kodwa kukwakho izisombululo ammonia, nabalawuli ukukhula, ongeziweyo ezintsonkothileyo ammonium sulfate. Practice isicelo ubonisa ukuba sisincoko esekelwe ukuhamba ezahlukeneyo ammonia emhlabeni, ubude amanyathelo yaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, unganikezeli umphunga eziyingozi. Ngokumalunga isiphumo ukuba data ukunika isichumiso, into yokuqala ethi ixabisa malunga umsebenzi bembuyekezo, zivuse ukukhula kunye nonikezelo kwezondlo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ongeziweyo ezinjalo nje kuphela imilo kodwa kuhlobo okufanayo emanzini okungenanto kuphela lwalo komelezwa.

Forms nitrogen kwiqela izichumisi lulwelo

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ezisisiseko nitrogen ezithi olusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwezithako ulwelo. Oku ngokuyintloko amacandelo nitrate, eliquka njengesichumisi engamanzi ngokusekelwe calcium ammonium nitrate. Inzuzo ukudla okunjalo kunganxulunyaniswa impumelelo ngokukhawuleza ukushukumiseka ukwakheka awuzali. Kwakhona, le hlobo yokuvundisa izinto nitrogen-based lula zihlanjiwe ngamanzi agqithisileyo, nto leyo ngaso. Le fomu elilandelayo le nitrogen Ammonium. intshayelelo okunjalo lula yayingeyonxalenye zizityalo, Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba adsorption ukuze ubume bomhlaba Ixesha labo lifinyele.

Okwesithathu, ifomu amide ayikwazi ingasetyenziswa ngendlela bemveli kwinkqubo ingcambu. Kulo mzekelo, noxwebhu ukutya, kwaye ngexesha wenkqu yophuhliso idlula kuqala kwifom Ammonium ke, yaye emva koko, a nitrate. Hi ndlela leyi, UAN sichumisi kuphela eklasini wayo, nto leyo enokubandakanya zonke iifom nitrogen.

Iimpawu umxube carbamide-ammonia

Le isichumiso iquka iimpawu ezininzi eziyingenelo ukuze benze isicelo sayo. Xa inkqubo yentsebenziswano ezincane CAS iyakwazi ukufumana imilo ngokupheleleyo oko kumlungele na kukufakwa isityalo ethile. Oko kukuthi, kungakhathaliseki uluhlu components nitrogen, olusetyenziswa umxube carbamide-ammonia, unako ukubala phezu unikezelo ngempumelelo yesityalo kunye isondlo esaneleyo. Ngaxeshanye kufuneka siqonde ukuba CAS - njengesichumisi ulwelo ikwasebenza njengesixhobo kwanancedisayo inkxaso yawo ekukhuliseni izityalo inciphe. Ngenye indlela, nantso indlela iphathwa zezolimo, noochwephetsha, kwimeko ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso kakhul yezolimo.

Iimpawu zolwelo ammonia isichumiso

Ammonia additive ngohlobo elulwelo, ebalasele isiqulatho nitrogen ukwanda. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, into zinganikezelwa ngeendlela eziliqela, kodwa ingqalelo sayo kuyo nayiphi na imeko ibe ngaphezu kwezinye nezichumiso. Ngokukodwa, isiqulatho nitrogen le ammonia anhydrous yi-82%. Ngokubhekiselele amanzi ammonia, lo mlinganiselo%-24 kuphela. Kwakhona isichumiso UAN ephawuleka ivumba elibukhali, nto leyo eyabangela nje umphunga ammonia. Ubunzima kunye uyondelelwano lwee- iyeza practice, sebenzisa abaliweyo yingcinezelo yayo ubushushu. Ngoko kungakhathaliseki ammonium additive sele enyibilikayo emanzini.

Ngexesha zokuhamba kunye nokusingatha nezichumiso ezinqwenelekayo ukubonelela loluthando arhente imo yezulu. Olu phawu uchaza ukulahleka kumacandelo nitrogen ngexesha izithuthi. Ukongeza, kufuneka zibonelelwe yaye amanyathelo okukhusela iintsimbi non-ayoni, Ngokusebenza kunye iziqalelo umxube. Isibakala sokuba isichumiso engamanzi ammonia-based kubangela uphuhliso nokumelana, ngaba nangona oku akusebenzi aluminum.

omanyolo humate

Technologists kwicandelo lezolimo ixesha elide ekuphuhliseni ingqiqo ngesondlo yomhlaba kwi ngeendleko ezabo izixhobo ngendlela Ukuqinisa elungeleleneyo ngolunya eseleyo kwi kwisityalo. Uphuhliso iziqhamo kweli cala yaba bodwa ukusuka humic umhlaba iasidi aguqulwa ukuya sodium ityiwa. lolu shicilelo kwi kwimarike namhlanje isichumiso "Humate", ekhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo. Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo yale additive kukuthintela zonke iintlobo ityhefu kunye enzima.

Ngoko ke iingcali waphawula iimpawu yokuxhulumana iimveliso yokubola ngamanzi. Ukwanda ngendlela izinto waphawula kuphela kwiimeko ukufuma komhlaba ngokupheleleyo. Njengoko oku, isichumiso "humate" luphawu ulwelo ngokusekelwe potassium iye yaphuhliswa. Eli candelo ezivezwa ukuhluzwa umgquba liyasuswa enqanda yayo esebenzayo kuqamba. Phakathi kwazo kwakukho nitrogen enye, iphosphate kunye nezinye izinto, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Olu hlobo isichumiso ilulwelo ikakhulu basebenzisa efunxa iimbewu, izithole kunye nezinye izinto kokutyala.

izinga lokusebenza

kwezithako engamanzi, ukongeza kwimisebenzi iimpembelelo yayo ngqo izityalo, uze uthelekise kakuhle kunye kungenzeka lonikezelo efanayo kwindawo yokusebenza. Ngexesha yokuvundisa entwasahlobo izityalo zasebusika kucetyiswa ukuba isicelo 35-40 kg yesichumiso ngehektare 1 nganye. Oku kusebenza kwi lokubopha yokuqala phezulu, kodwa kwixesha elizayo isithako esebenzayo kufuneka exutywe ngamanzi 1: 2 uze sele hayi ngaphezulu kwe-30 kg kwindawo enye. Ukuze lusebenze kwandisa izinga entwasahlobo ku-80 kg kwihektare 1 nganye kwi umlinganiselo pre-processing. Inkqubo isichumiso nganye ezilandelayo kufuneka zichithe ngaphezu-20 kg. Kuba izityalo yemifuno isicelo isichumiso ulwelo kuxhomekeke kudidi lwesityalo. Umzekelo, iitapile ezinikwa wesekethe-60 kg kwihektare 1 nganye. izityalo ezisendlwini nayo ezifanelekileyo kolu hlobo lokutya, kodwa iklasi nganye ineemfuno zayo ngamnye ukuze kwakhiwe amathamo. Sebenzisa imixube kufuneka zibe ebusuku okanye kwimozulu yamafu - ukuthobela lo ingcebiso kuya ekupheliseni ingozi nokutsha.

Trade Amagama izichumisi lulwelo

Emarikeni kwezithako ukuba izityalo engamanzi ngokungqongqo segmentation, nangona iimveliso ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ingakumbi izityalo ezisendlwini yaye, ingakumbi, kuba umbala, kuyimfuneko ukuba acebise iimveliso brand "Flower IParadesi", eyenzelwe izityalo yamahlamvu zokuhombisa. Ukuba sicinga nezichumiso ezintsonkothileyo ulwelo, koko eze kumgca egusheni of "Omuhle". Ukubunjwa iimveliso ezifana ziquka olukhulu kunye Izakha kuquka initrogen, kunye neentlobo Nitrate kunye Ammonium. Kwakhona, ukuguqulwa ezithile kwaye ziqulathe humic acid. Ukuze isicelo isichumiso jikelele "Rainbow" thaca ingamanzi kwaye lokubonelela izityalo okukufutshane, kwaye kwintsimi izityalo.

On yintoni umhlaba isicelo ulwelo yesichumiso?

Izinto eziluncedo kwezithako ezinjalo kubalelwa bathanda elula imiqathango yokusetyenziswa. Oko kukuthi, nangayiphi isichumiso umhlaba uya kuqinisekisa amanyathelo enempumelelo, nokuba ngaba kuxhaswa ngokusebenzisa amagqabi okanye inkqubo ingcambu. Kodwa, Kakade, izinga eliphezulu lokukhula kunye nokufunyanwa nezongezo zibonisa phantsi komhlaba ezinjalo kunye gumussirovannyh. Ukuba engamanzi kusetyenziswa isichumiso xa izithole, kuyimfuneko ukuba ingqalelo okokuqala kwi ukuqukwa ongeziweyo ezintsonkothileyo humic acid. Idibanise uya kunika isiseko eyondlayo lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nempilo kwinkqubo ingcambu.

isiphelo

Ammonia isichumiso ikwimo yolwelo ineendlela ezininzi, ziphakathi apho: lula isicelo, amandla ezendeleyo phezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunye neziphumo ngokukhawuleza. Ubukhulu becala ngenxa kwezi iimpawu Izithako ezifunwayo zinendawo umsebenzi. Kodwa abalimi eziqhelekileyo abavumi ukusebenzisa nabalawuli ukukhula ulwelo, njengoko kuneengxaki ezinzulu akusoloko koyiswa. Ngokukodwa, ukugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa isichumiso kufuna iimeko ezizodwa. Ngaphandle ngokudibanisa nezixhobo ezizodwa lugqityiwe kwaye inkqubo yokwenza ezinye iikhompawundi beli qela. zezolimo abaninzi yabucala yaye uxhalabile kuba ngale ndlela ngokutya, ukubukela izinto ezingalunganga neziphumo kwemichiza kwizityalo ebangelwa nezitenxo kwezi iidosi.