Imbali ballet Russian: ukuvela kunye nenkqubela

Esineengcambu Ballet Russian, ngathi naluphi na uhlobo lobugcisa, abhaliweyo intsomi dance. Kungenzeka, aba zenkolo (zonke iintlobo umdaniso) kunye neMidlalo ( "pereplyas", "Kuma, apho kwakukho" njalo njalo.) Dance. ballet Russian akukho kuphela igcinwe zonke izimiso zobugcisa, kodwa waba mthetho kwilizwe ballet.

ziimbaxa

In Kievan Rus 'Ekuveleni VIII-IX iinkulungwane, yaqala ukubonakala nale midaniso yokuqala, iingcali entsimini lwabo - iyahlekisa ... Emva kwethuba, xa kweengqukuva Moscow, iyahlekisa abazange ngokuyimfuneko abantu.

In XV-XVI iinkulungwane nosaziwayo intlekisa funny kunye ubuso ifihlwe iimaski,-ebizwa ngokuba 'mashkarami "khamnqa baza kumangaliswa basemzini abeze.

Kwinkulungwane XVII imbali ballet Russian kwaphawula mbobo kuhlekwe ebhotwe le yesicelo Theatre. Ngokutsho kwizithethe lusekiwe, ingxelo nganye kwindawo yokubonela lisoloko kugqitywa mezhdusenyami (iziphumo ezizodwa ballet). Ezi ndibano ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ukuba ayilunganga, eyenziwa ngamadoda enxibe izambatho ngamatshamba. Abadlali wabonisa ezinye iimpawu umdaniso umdaniso.

fun The Tsar kaThixo

I ballets lokuqala ngokupheleleyo eRashiya kugqalwa yokusebenza kusiwa February 8, 1673. Kwathi isiganeko ebalulekileyo kwinkundla Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, yaye wabizwa ngokuba "Ballet of Orpheus kunye Eurydice." Imbali ukuvela ballet Russian ichaza njengendawo shift babesima imikhosi, imidaniso kade, izaphetha ukuguquka. Phakathi abadlali sacengceleza enye intetho okanye becula. Konke oku kancinane njenge inyathelo ngenene kumabala emidlalo. Kwaba kuphela mnandi yobukumkani, mtsalane ukungaqiniseki yayo.

Ngelo xesha, uGregory I., kumququzeleli we yeqonga, umema Nicola Lima ukuba ukucwangcisa izifundo zoqeqesho lwezakhono oxwlwa yokumkani yeqonga. Ekuqaleni, oonyana 10 kwabemi amanene, ngoko ku-20, baqeqeshwa ngempumelelo yaye wabonisa nokumkani komsebenzi kwinkundla ballet "Orpheus" kwi indlela French.

Lo msebenzi iseti

Kuphela emva kokuba nekota yenkulungwane, uPetros mna, ndakuba ejoliswe wokuhlaziya kubomi benkcubeko Russia, aze nobomi umculo kuluntu Russian kunye nomdaniso. Ugqiba ukubethelela ubugcisa elite elime Iwabemi St. Petersburg. Ukuze wenze oku, uPetros I uvale yeqonga eMoscow Alexei Mikhailovich kwaye ipapashe umthetho olululo. Le umthetho wokuba iindibano ezifunekayo kuzo zonke ii-arhente zikarhulumente ukufundisa umdaniso esina nakanjani. Kwezi nguqulelo baye isikhundla ukudanisa master eliphezulu alinakuzuzwa. Nantso into lwabalawuli iindibano ballet imbonakalo sinyanzelekile lihamba zomdaniso ballet weza evela phesheya, ezintsha ngohlobo izinto engqungqa kazwelonke Slavonic.

Umbhali V. Krasovskaja ( "Imbali Ballet Russian" - LA Art, 1978) ukholelwa ukuba nemfezeko ngokucacile uPetros I kwi iiholo bhotwe zabanjwa imidlalo troupes ballet, iimvumi kunye abaculi wamema ukusuka kwamanye amazwe.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1738 isikolo ballet yaququzelelwa kweli lizwe, nto leyo eye yaba, eneneni, kuqala. Imbali ballet Russian ngokufutshane Isixelela eli xesha. Abanezidanga abasebenza iinkampani ballet of abamangalelwa angaphandle ekuthiwa-yeqonga (abadlali, CHORUS). Ku kuphela kakhulu kamva baye bamkelwa amaqela eziphambili.

Uqeqesho lokuqala

-Cradle of mbali ballet mihla cinga kwiLizwe Gentry Corps. It wayesebenzela odumileyo Zhan Batist Landzh, yena nabafundi bakhe wabeka ballets enkundleni ezintathu. Njengoko imbali ballet Russian, baba phantse emiboniso ballet yokuqala, yonke imithetho efanelekileyo kunye nemigaqo Royal Academy of Dance kwikomkhulu French.

Gentry Corps kabini wathabatha inxaxheba kwezemfundo, poluharakternom ombambazelayo yaye kwangaxeshanye abanikela troupes ballet Itekisi evela Italy Tes.

Elizabeth I, ukuze kuphulukana nabadanisi ballet abaqeqeshiweyo, wavula eyakhe isikolo sakhe dance nobungangamela bakhe, iseti yokuqala apho abantwana 12 abaqhelekileyo.

Ekupheleni kuka 1742, uKumkanikazi esayiniweyo umthetho ukuseka i qembu zomdaniso of abadanisi Russian. Kuba kukho Wazikhanyisa iinkwenkwezi Russian lokuqala - abadanisi ballet professional: Aksinya Baskakov kunye Athanasius Toporkov.

Out ekupheleni efile

Ukufa Baptiste lelizwe izisa ukudideka kweli shishini komnyhadala kweli lizwe. Presentation, esiqala kwabaseTesalonika, ezo uhlobo olufanayo kunye burlesques ekruqulayo. Umbukeli alitsali yimveliso ezinjalo.

Imbali ballet Russian ngokufutshane uchaza elo xesha. Ngeli xesha eYurophu kukho umbuzo kuphuculo yetyala choreographic. Rousseau and Cinq-Mars ufuna nabadanisi ballet ukuphelisa weengubo sezulu buso intsi. Diderot licebisa ngamandla ukutshintsha imidlalo nokubhaleka ballet. Ngelo xesha, Dzhon Uiver, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba utshintsho ngokubanzi, lubeka ngomdaniso ukuba ibali onengqondo, kunye Zhorzh Nover wabhala edume "Iileta umdaniso."

Hayi kude ngasemva kunye ballet Russian. Imbonakalo Hilferding - proof. Olu lweengcali German esisigxina komnyhadala yokubalisa eSt Petersburg. In Paris ballets indaba kweminyaka eli-15 kuphela kamva. Hilferding wanceda Leopold Paradiso. Yi kwiminyaka yama-50 yenkulungwane XVIII, ukuba wadala i nemidlalo ballet elizimeleyo.

Qala Productions kakhulu

Le drama yokuqala ballet Russian fanele A. P. Sumarokovu. Wakhuthaza ngomdlalo umdaniso indumiso, isiseko yabhalwa imidlalo ballet zoncwadi "yokusabela isidima" yaye "New Monastery".

Gasparo Anzhiolini wacela iNkosi choreographer, ukwandisa njengokukhazimla Slavic intsomi ingoma notok ufaka isenzo ballet "Fun ngexesha leKrisimesi." UCatherine II anconywa kakhulu umelo. Ngowe-1779, iKomishoni lowiso en banc yavuma ballet, umculo apho kubhalwe ngokusekelwe Slavic lwemveli.

Emva kokuba impumelelo omkhulu onjalo Anzhilini bafudukela yimveliso ukonwabisa kumabala emidlalo, leyo wahlekisa izifundo mlonyeni. Oku kwenziwa esiphulaphulwayo ingxolo: "I Triumph of Russia" (ubufanasini woyisa umkhosi Turkish e Cahul kunye Larga), "The Argonauts New" (ode ezukileyo ukuya kwizithuthi yoBukhosi baseRashiya) kunye "nokuqiqa Owoyisayo" (igagasi ngemfuneko babase kwisitofu nxamnye ingqakaqa kwandile).

ukusebenza ballet yobugorha kuqala "kukaSemira" encinane iye ngaphambili kusinda. Ukususela ngoko Abayili abebesoloko ingqalelo elikhulu imizwa somdaniso ballet. Ngokuba midaniso ngexesha elifanayo kunokuba ndixakekile ezihlekisayo opera imidlalo zemidlalo non-karhulumente, kwaye i pseudo-operatic ibonisa, lo mdlalo apho ukumkanikazi ngokwakhe yabhalwa.

Kuba 1778 esitsha eSt Petersburg (njengoko imbali ballet Russian, iincwadi ngokucacileyo ukuchaza lo mcimbi unique) balindelwe ababukeli kakade amaqonga ezimbini: zorhwebo "Free Theatre" kunye nenkundla.

Amaqela uthango yokuqala

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVIII, ekuthandazeni kukuba nobuchule umdaniso. Yaye ekuqaleni 1773 phantsi kogcino Leopold Paradise kwikomkhulu ngokususela nez- wavula iziko loqeqesho yokuqala, owathi kamva waba yokubonela yokuqala yesidlangalala. In onesethi yokuqala kwakukho abantwana-60. Kwi komsebenzi wokuqala choreographic ebekwe yi Cosimo yabhiyozela Maddox, uthi kwincwadi yakhe Yu Bakhrushin.

Imbali webhaleyi Russian, wafunda waza wachaza ngokweenkcukacha enkulu, full-eyomeleleyo ivula eli xesha, ubugcisa umdaniso. Maddox neqela entsha, bafunda eRashiya, abadanisi abaqalise opera kwinqakwana, komnyhadala sungula ku iziganeko yokwenene (umzekelo, "Le nakwamkela Ochakovo"), kunye Divertimenti.

Kolu lwazi, ngokukhawuleza baqala ukuphuhlisa yemidlalo yeqonga serf. Kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela yenkulungwane XVIII kuye ezaziwayo-kakuhle abadlali ezinkulu serf ehlangeneyo. Amaqela baye Zorich Golovkin, Apraksin, Sheremetyevo, Potemkin kunye nezinye mhlaba.

Eli xesha wabona uphuhliso kunye nokusungulwa ndlela lomdaniso ababhinqileyo kunye noyilo obugcisa ukumela ndawo. Kukho inyama entsha isiko oliliso eqongeni, indawo na ukuba abhale indlela enokufezekiswa, ukusebenzisa umdlalo isiqingatha-izithunzi kunye nokukhanya.

Ngokoyisa ballet Russian

Imbali ballet Russian engamakhulu 19-20 izele kwaye zahlukene. Ngu ekuqaleni XIX ballet ngenkulungwane art liluphumeza bokudlala apho baziswa abaphulaphuli. webhaleyi Russian wazisa komnyhadala ndandifeketha na, amanene novakalelo. Oku kuchazwe kakhulu Izaziso A. S. Pushkin, echaza ubuhle ngakuphi dance koogxa bakhe, inkwenkwezi ndawo ballet, Istomin: "Umphefumlo ngokupheleleyo yokusabela" (eli binzana liye laziwa ballet). ubuso bakhe zobuso nondiliseko iintshukumo zomdaniso banconywe. Uninzi ababukeli baya kanye Avdotya Istomin.

Akukho ngaphantsi entle baba Lihutina Anastasia, Catherine Teleshova, Danilova uMariya.

ngomdlalo Ballet ngokuya kuthandwa. umdaniso Ballet, njengokuba wena, oko wesuka, yaye abelwe mali karhulumente.

Xa emnyama phezu "okuchithwa" iminyaka 60 kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, elite yenkcubeko asivelanga. Le ntlekele theatre Russian kufika. Ngokubhekiselele choreographies, wayifaka enqatheni primitivism ngayo ibali, leyo lungisa ukuya lomdaniso ethile. Abadanisi abaye bafikelela kwimfezeko, banyuse, zingqungqa, yimveliso olusengqiqweni.

Imbali ballet Russian aye kwinqanaba elitsha. Imvuselelo yaqala kunye Petra Chaykovskogo, owabhala umculo ukuba kweemveliso zokuqala choreographic. Nakule lonke ibhaleyi, kuba ixesha umculo yokuqala iye ibaluleke mdaniso. Yaye wabonakala phezu par ngomculo opera kunye nokwenziwa Symphonic. Ukuba umculo ku Tchaikovsky wabhala phantsi izinto zomdaniso, ngoku intwazana zolinganiso plasticity, intshukumo kunye ubabalo wafuna ukudlulisela mood zomculo kunye imvakalelo, kunokuba ukunceda umbukeli ukuchaza isakhiwo sebali, elungiselelwa amanqaku umqambi ngayo. Kwihlabathi bayazithanda edume "Swan Lake."

Choreographer Gorsky Bayingenisa yimveliso lweziqalelo owayephila ulwalathiso, ndaqalisa ukunikela ingqalelo kakhulu ekukhuseleni yobugcisa ndawo, ekholelwa ukuba kumboniseli kufuneka ukuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo into eyenzekayo eqongeni. Wabalela ukusetyenziswa lweziqalelo mime. Ngokupheleleyo ukuguqula imeko Fokine. Yena evuselela ballet romantic waza wathabatha ulwimi umzimba zomdaniso isithethi ecacileyo. Ngokutsho Fokin, ukubuza ngamnye eqongeni kufuneka ibe yodwa. Okt umculo, isimbo zomdaniso ipatheni kufuneka elakho imbono ethile. Kwiminyaka yokuqala izaziso ngenkulungwane XX iyaqhutywa imveliso yakhe "ebusuku zaseYiputa," "Le Swan Afe", "Iphupha nehlobo Night kaThixo," "Acis and Galatea" kunye nabanye.

Ngowe-1908 Diaghilev S. P. Fokin wamenywa ukuba abe ngumlawuli enkulu 'namaXesha Russian "izindawo. Nale simemo Fokin waba edumileyo. A Russian ballet artists zentsimbi ngonyaka ngoloyiso enze kwikomkhulu French. Imbali abadanisi ballet Russian encoma qembu Russian, abamagama baziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi: Adolf Bolm, uAnna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina, Vaslav Nijinsky, njl Yaye ebudeni kuwa ballet yaseYurophu!.

Diaghilev wathabatha ithuba waza waphumelela. Waqokelela qembu lwe abadlali ballet abatsha abanetalente waza wabanika ngesandla free. Ukuvunyelwa ukuba zisebenze ngaphandle sikhokelo ezaziwayo, ongenise odumileyo, kodwa sele Petipa kakhulu endala.

Inkululeko amanyathelo kwenza nabadanisi ukufumanisa baze baveze izimvo zabo. Ukongeza kwezi ezintsha revolution Diaghilev batsalwa ahombise artists abadumileyo ababephila ngexesha lakhe (Jean Cocteau, A. Derain, uPicasso) kunye abaqambi (K. Debissi, Ravel, Stravinsky). Ngoku yonke imveliso ballet ngendlela ebonisa.

Emva kokuba October Revolution, abadanisi ezininzi kunye Abayili washiya lisunguliwe, Russian. Kodwa wahlala the backbone. Ngcembe zibe kufutshane ebantwini ballet Russian. Imbali emva kokwenza ... ukubona ngaphezulu

Emva kokuba phakathi kwinkulungwane XX, abadanisi kunye Abayili besizukulwana esitsha ziye zibuyiselwe mdaniso umboniso thumbnail undilibele, symphony kunye ballet xa isenzo mnye. Inani Studios yeqonga osoloko ikhula.

"I lobungangamsha", webhaleyi, ballet mhlalutyi

Le dancer odumileyo Russian Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya aqala ukusebenza emva kuBukhosi Russian, September 11, 1915. Emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo yena wangena kwaye ngo-1933 izidanga ngempumelelo ukusuka iLeningrad Choreographic School. Uye wafunda odumileyo Vaganova uAgrippina. Ukususela ngelo xesha ukusa 1941 Krasovskaja ukhonza Theatre. LaseKirov. Yena exakeke kwi ballets of nkulu zemfundo.

Ngowe-1951, Vera M. waphumelela kwisikolo isidanga iLeningrad Theatre Institute. Ostrovsky, emva uqeqesho olusisiseko kwi-Faculty of yeqonga.

isikolo professional safumana Krasouskaya yokuqala kwiklasi ye uAgrippina Vaganova, ngoko postnovkah ibhaleyi le Mariinsky Theatre, kunye nobutyebi obungumangaliso bolwazi koluhlu Encyclopedic, yeengcungcu, namasiko enkcubeko kunye umyalelo lexi hlamarisaka ulwimi (isiFrentshi kunye IsiNgesi), ukuvumela ukuba abe brilliant and ngokuqinisekileyo umgxeki inkulu ballet art.

Ngowe-1998, iindaba ezilungileyo saa kulo lonke ihlabathi yeqonga. Premium "Triumph" iphumelele UVera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya. Imbali webhaleyi Russian, akuchaza kwiincwadi (abanye babo iguqulelwe kwiilwimi amazwe) kunye namanqaku (300) njengoko mbali ubugcisa kunye umgxeki, wenza Vera Mikhailovna winner ezamahala "Triumph" Russian Award. Eli ibhaso Ikhutshelwa kwimpumelelo aphezulu ubugcisa noncwadi.

Ngowe-1999 Krasouskaya Vera Mikhailovna uyile.

UYobi

Imbali ballet Russian nombulelo igcina amagama iinkosi zomdaniso, owenza igalelo elikhulu ekumisweni komnyhadala Russian. Oku notorious Didlo S., M. Petipa, A. Saint-Leon, S. Diaghilev, Fomin, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Italente abaculi Russian bamrhola, namhlanje ezitsala inani enkulu ababukeli ehlabathini lonke.

Nanamhla oku, iinkampani ze-ballet Russian zigqalwa intle kwihlabathi.