Isekisi eSoviet: amaphepha kwimbali

Inkoliso yabo ababezalelwe waseUSSR, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba isekisi eSoviet - intle kwihlabathi. Kubalulekile nabakhohlisi wethu "Magic," iyahlekisa - funny, kunye nabaqeqeshi zezilwanyana kaClark - namagorha kunye ngqindilili. Babehamba oluya esekisini yaba yiholide enkulu kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana ngokufanayo. Kodwa isekisi eSoviet akazange aphume angaqondi. Malunga ukuphuhlisa indlela isekisi yiSoviet, siye kufikelela kweli nqaku.

Imbali Russian isekisi art

Nkqu ngamaxesha Kievan Rus kwilizwe lethu lenziwe i "imbewu" yokuqala zobugcisa isekisi, njengoko kuboniswa esekelwe e Kiev St. Nozipho Cathedral, imvelaphi yayo elandwa kwiminyaka 1070-1075. Bona ebonisa amahashe ukhuphiswano kunye nokulwa, zokuhamba iqhutywa kunye nezibonda. Ngaloo mihla adepts ezifana kaClark ababehamba kunye nezikhokelo ze amabhere, iyahlekisa kunye jugglers lwenziwa kumbindi wesixeko, imiboniso kunye neeholide yesizwe, abantu isimanga kumnandi. Le elichumayo baseRashiya kwinkulungwane buffoons XV-XVI.

Ngenxa yemigudu Peter I ngenkulungwane XVIII kwi elikomkhulu kunye nezixeko ezinkulu baqalisa ukwakha ubomi ekuhlaleni kwaye yaqala ukubonakala bhasi isekisi yaseYurophu, nto leyo ebe negalelo kuphuhliso ngokukhawuleza lobugcisa isekisi.

Le abenzi bemilingo of isekisi Russian kugqalwa XIX leminyaka. Yaba ngeli xesha kudlula Balagan izimvo fair ezininzi inxaxheba leembaleki kunye umthambo, jugglers kunye kaClark, abadanisi noosiyazi, kwakunye amagcisa yezinye ntlobo. Ngomdlalo eminqubeni Fairground umsebenzi wengcibi yokuluka baqalisa kunye nabazalwana Nikitin Durov, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Isehlakalo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso isekisi Russian yaba ukufunyanwa izakhiwo ilitye lokuqala: eSt Petersburg ngomhla eweni, ngo-1877-m, eMoscow, phezu onombala Boulevard ngo-1880.

Ukuvela lesekhasi Soviet

Emva kokuba iziganeko ka-Oktobha 1917 ziye utshintsho ebalulekileyo kubomi kunye nembali Russian isekisi ulapho. I iiBolsheviks, eqhuba revolution yenkcubeko anika inkxaso karhulumente isekisi wayenza sisixhobo esinamandla yembono ngawo unefuthe iindimbane. Nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso esekisini Soviet na ummiselo "Ngomhla yokumanya ishishini wokubonelwa", esatyikitywa ngoAgasti 1919, Ulyanov-uLenin. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, yonke isekisi ipropati ngokuxhomekeke wokubonelwa phantsi kwesizwe. Noko ke, inkqubela yi kunokuba kade, kwaye ngo-1922 esekisini domestic liqulethe karhulumente ezimbini kuphela eMoscow. Emva koko, kakhulu ngokukhawuleza, kwiminyaka nje emithathu, ezinye zonwabise 15 kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo urhulumente waseSoviet yaqala. Eyokuqala yavulwa ngo Nizhny Novgorod Fair yiSoviet isekisi intente. Emva kokuba uhulumeni, lihlengahlengiswe kwaye waqala ukunika imiboniso kunye nokwenziwa eLeningrad, yaseTver, Rostov-on-Don, Orel, Kiev, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kazan, Tula. Uninzi amagumbi ziye lifakwe amazwe njengoko kuqhume zabo zobugcisa oziphosileyo, kwaye inqanaba labo uqeqesho ulihlwempu. Ukusombulula le ngxaki ngo-1926, izifundo zobugcisa circus kokucwangcisa, owathi kamva waba Technical School, apho wafundisa amagcisa yokuqala isekisi eSoviet.

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Ngo 1920 - ekuqaleni 1930 kwi zinkundla isekisi local amagumbi ezininzi ezintsha, bayilungisa kuthathelwa ingqalelo kukutshintsha emibonweni ihlabathi ngenxa ngababukeli. Emva kokuba lifikile kokukhululwa ngo-1936 ifilimu kwezobugcisa abaqhuba ngayo esekisini eSoviet isizukulwana ephefumlelwe kwaye belambile uzuko wamagcisa aselula. It is at kwafika eli xesha kwincopho yokuqala ukuthandwa enkulu upopayi Karandash (MN Rumyantsev), kwakukho amanani amakhulu neemvumi artists Valentino kunye Mihaila Volginyh, Imbewu kubabethi bachukunyiswa kunye nobuchule bakhe zokuhamba abazalwana Svirina kunye Pavel Tarasov. Sinokutsho ukuba banesifo kunye novalo kwinkulungwane XX esekisini eSoviet livelise isimbo engaqhelekanga kwaye lula ukuluqonda.

Imfazwe nasemva-imfazwe iminyaka

Inkundla ungenisa amagcisa naluphi na uhlobo iimpawu ezifana amandla kunye nonyamezelo, isibindi nokuzingisa ekufezekiseni iinjongo. Bonke bephela wabonisa kwiimeko ngexesha lemfazwe ezinzima. Yalelani Chernyakhovsky akanakusuke uchaze artists esekisini njengoko umlinganiswa ngamnye zentsimbi.

isekisi eSoviet ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, ubunzima umonakalo omkhulu. Ngenxa yoko iziqhushumbisi, izakhiwo ezininzi batshatyalaliswa, kodwa kule minyaka enzima yemfazwe, urhulumente waseSoviet wathabatha amanyathelo okuxhasa ezobugcisa isekisi.
Yibani pilot, paratroopers, sappers, gunners inkosi yale nkundla. Ngosuku lwesibini zemfazwe band elinabakhweli, ikhokelwa ngu M. Tuganova, kunye namahashe wajoyina i-Calvary Corps Dovatora. Artists ezishiyekileyo waqhubeka ukwenza kunye namaqela obugcisa, wanika ikonsathi kumgca ngaphambili kwiiwadi esibhedlele, kwizikhululo zikaloliwe kunye emkhosini. Popular zazifana amajoni kunye nabasebenzi amanani satirical esibonise isekisi upopayi eSoviet Mihail Nikolaevich Rumyantsev (Ipensile), Boris Vyatkin, uKonstantin Berman.

Uninzi artists bafela ngaphambili, nabo asinda kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, kunye nabasebenzi baqalisa ukubuyisela nokuphuhlisa ubugcisa isekisi, kamva waqonda intle kwihlabathi.