Izikolo eziphezulu Muslim kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye namhlanje

izikolo eziphezulu Muslim caliphate Arab ekuthiwa madrassas, okokuqala la maziko ezibe AD ngenkulungwane IX Eyokuqala yavulwa ngo-859 ngo Morocco. Madrasah ngokuqhelekileyo wasebenza zamaSilamsi, bafundisa ulwimi Arabic, iKurani, imbali Islam, le hadiths, i elifuna (Muslim ikhowudi yokuziphatha, owenza iimbono yokuziphatha Muslims), kalam. KumaXesha Aphakathi, izikolo eziphezulu Muslim abantu badla kuphela ukubaluleka zenkolo kodwa zenkcubeko.

WeMfundo Islamic World

Arab Caliphate linentsusa yalo uMprofeti uMuhammad, hayi kanye mandithi, ukususela Hijaz wadala ekuqaleni VII zoluntu kwekhulu. Xa, emva kwenye indawo amaSilamsi esekwe Medina, uMprofeti Muhammad wabaxelela ukuba bafundise abantwana babo ukufunda nokubhala kule neemosque. Ngokuthe ngcembe kwakukho amagumbi ahlukeneyo, a kunoogxa kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi.

Kwihlabathi Islamic kuvele kunye nezikolo yokuqala ephakamileyo Muslim - Nizamiyya. Ngaphandle uqeqesho, nkqu kumaxesha amandulo, ezamahala, kwaye bafunde bonke - abantwana iingangamsha kunye nabarhwebi ababehleli ecaleni koonyana abalimi kunye namagcisa. Wayefundisa, ngaphandle Koran, uncwadi, imathematika, amayeza, imichiza, imbali, Ezolimi kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi. Ngeendlela ezininzi, isakhiwo yamandulo yemfundo kumazwe amaSilamsi ngeyisekho nanamhla.

Le madrasa umhlaba endala: Miri Arab

Ngenkulungwane XVI, isikolo liphezulu yamaMuslim kwakhiwa Miri Arab e eBukhara. Kususela kwimini eyasekwayo kwaye phezulu ukuya lokuvala (kwi imi- 20-lwekhulu XX) iseyindawo odume kunayo kuMbindi Asia. Ithuba leSoviet Miri Arab nguye kuphela yonke USSR. Phakathi baphumeleleyo - Mukhammedzhan Husain, Miyan Mali, Sheikh Kazy-Askar, umongameli owayesakuba Chechnya Ahmad Kadyrov kunye nabanye. Madrasah isebenza kwaye abafundisa njengangoku ngexesha elifanayo ngaphezu kubafundi abali-100.

Madrasseh - inxalenye ipoi Kalyan ( "unyawo Enkulu"), ukwakhiwa apho wenziwa Sheikh Abdallah Yamani eyaziwa phantsi moniker Mir-Arabhu. Sheikh waba nempembelelo enkulu phezu Sultan of eBukhara khan Ubaidullah. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, lo madrasah owakhelwe imali ephakanyiswe yi Khan ukuba intengiso lamawaka abathinjwa amathathu Persian (Ubaidullah Khan liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wakhokela umkhosi wakhe ukuba kuwahlasela, Khorasan).

Zyndzhyrly and Al-Karaouine

madrasah Zyndzhyrly (Bakhchisarai) - enye endala kwiMpuma Yurophu - yabhiyozela iminyaka eli-510 ukususela ekusungulweni kwayo ngo-2010. Esi sikolo eliphezulu yamaMuslim yakhiwa ngo-1500 kwaye esebenza de 1917. Ngo-2006, le projekthi ye nokubuyiselwa madrasa kunye engcwabeni Haji Giray yaqalwa, kwaye ngo-2010, ezi zakhiwo bazakudweliswa ngendlela. Ngo-2015, isikolo wasiwa Ulawulo Spiritual Muslim eCrimea.

Xa imvelaphi yesikolo ka-Al-Karaouine umfazi - ukuya 859, wasungula lo madrasa kunye mosque kwinkumbulo sikayise, otyebileyo zabarhwebi Mohammed Al-Fihri. Liziko indala kwezemfundo Morocco kunye mdala ekhoyo. It bafunda Leo africanus, Maimonides, Ibn Khaldun. Esi sakhiwo sakhiwa izihlandlo ezininzi - ngoku kwiholo umthandazo ukuhlalisa abantu abangaphezulu kwama-20 000. Ngowe-1947, eli ziko lemfundo yaba eyunivesithi ngengqiqo yaseYurophu ilizwi.

izikolo mihla

Ngo-1960, kumazwe amaninzi amaSilamsi wegqitha imfundo kawonke ngokutsha. Ngenxa yoko, kukho iindidi ezimbini ezingundoqo madrasas: yokomoya, baqeqeshwa apho zamasilamsi kunye nezehlabathi, abadlale indima isikolo oluphakathi okanye aphakamileyo kunye nezifundo "eqhelekileyo" (kwimathematika, iilwimi, inzululwazi ikhompyutha kunye nezinye iinkalo zezifundo). Kukho ukhetho sesithathu - kwizikolo zabucala.

Higher Muslim izikolo kuqala kunye nohlobo yesibini zikhona Bulelani iminikelo kunye nenkxaso abaxhasi. Abaninzi kubo abasifundisa abafundi babo, ukongeza kuqeqesho, ihostele mahala (kwakunye nokutya kunye noncedo kunye noqeqesho).

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo wabonakala isikolo online (eRashiya oku kwenzeka ngo-2013) - ekupheleni loqeqesho zinika ubungqina, kwaye ngokubanzi, izifundo zabo utsaleleka iinkqubo ezisebenzisa izikolo "obuqhelekileyo" ngaphezulu Muslim.