Smolny isigodlo - indalo okhanyayo i wizard brilliant

Nangona isizukulwana ephila bafunda kwizikolo Soviet, Smolny Convent, okanye nje "Smolny", oko kuya ezinxulumene V. I. Leninym. Kwaye emva kweminyaka elishumi kwimbali yale lomculo yokwakha le page enxulumene kwiminyaka 1917-1918 iya kuba ezikhanya. Yaye ntsuku zilandelayo ezi ziganeko, kakhulu ezibuhlungu. Ngaphandle kwabo, i Smolny Convent Rastrelli inge ihleli nje enye imisebenzi emininzi omkhulu womzobi ezikrelekrele.

Igama nedilesi

kanye Imbali imvelaphi Monastery yegama kakhulu umdla, kwakunye phantse yonke into eSt Petersburg. le ndawo yaba indawo umda phambi ngokuvela kwikomkhulu wasentla. Kwilali Spasovschina, ngoko nangoko, kamsinya nje balwa eyakhelwe ibhanki malunga Nienschanz inqaba kule ndawo kwakhiwa yokubonisela uSabina. Zalapho iinqanawa - enye Izakhiwo zokuqala ivelayo umzi-inqaba. Kwaba izidingo zakhe wayakha Tar eyadini. Beka ukuba igama efanelekileyo wanamathela. Smolny Convent evele apha kamva, kwakunye nenani elikhulu lezinto egameni layo iqulethe idilesi kwindawo yayo kunye ... isiziba imbali.

Umnqweno uKumkanikazi - umthetho

Ingcamango ukuvela woonongendi bobabo uKumkanikazi Elizabeth, ngubani kwangaphambili ukhathazwa malunga neminyaka yabo. Wayefuna uxolo nenzolo, kwaye konke oku ngokuthembekileyo isiqinisekiso woonongendi, apho wayeza kuba kukumkanikazi abbess. Kodwa ke ukuzila kakhulu yendlela emishini yokuphila engafakwanga ingqiqo eselekhulile owonwabileyo ubudala, kwaye woonongendi Smolny sanikwa ngakumbi ngathi esikolweni for ladies abatsha yokuzalwa amanene. Ngokwendalo, zava ekuhlaleni isiqiniseko nayiphi na abafundi 120. Ngasinye ukuba indawo hlukanisa zonke iinkonzo eziyimfuneko - uhlobo lwe eyahlukileyo, indawo bekhululekile. Ngelo abbess efanayo ngayo ukuba ibe yindlu eyahlukileyo.

umyili Chief of St. Petersburg

Ukhetho ekuyo - ngamakhoboka afakwa uviko ukuya kwiminyaka baselula, nichithe kwi the Smolny Palace (lesibini igama Ntombazana), xa kukho uhlobo entolongweni, ngokuyalelwa uAnny Ioannovny.

Francesco Rastrelli, unyana odumileyo Charles Rastrelli, ngelo xesha isikhundla sokuba ngumzobi oyintloko St. Petersburg. Yena wayalelwa ukuba akhe Lovuko Novodevichy Convent. Ngowe-1744, i-wezakhiwo qwa iye lwenzelwe inguqulelo entsha ngokupheleleyo ye into isiko, leyo, kunye izakhiwo olungqonge isikolo kuba isenzeko esitsha bokwakha ecaweni.

Indlela yokuqala

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo lokwahlula yaba ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kocingo ilitye a. Oku libhekisela kwinto yokuba iziko yababiniayizukuvalwa eMonastri, nto leyo ethetha kukulahlwa iyonke ubomi yehlabathi, kwaye uya kuba, kunoko, iziko lemfundo ephakamileyo ukuba amanenekazi highborn. Ngowe-1748 lo ilitye yokuqala wayebekwe khona. Lo msitho ubuzinyaswe uKumkanikazi. Rastrelli kaThixo Smolny Convent iya isiba yenye yezona izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo lizwe.

Olden abekhona

Kodwa iminqweno abasetyhini ikwa aziphethe ngayo. Kwaye uKumkanikazi inqwenela zonke ngakumbi. Kwaye ngoku, ngo-1849, kukho uyilo sokuqala redesigns. Okokuqala, oko kuncitshiswa zibe yisayizi wayengaphakamanga inqaba intsimbi zasekuhlaleni, iimitha leyo Rastrelli 140 aphezulu elingaphaya uPetros noPawulos belfry. Kwiprojekthi entsha, kukho iinkalo yoonongendi ezindala Russian. Ngokukodwa, zinikeza ukuba uphahla: Central - ezinkulu ezibanzi - singqongwe ngabantu ezine ezincinane.

ukwakhiwa kwekhulu

A lomculo entsha Smolny Convent, isixa esikhulu semali kunye nomsebenzi. Ngowe-1754 ndaba Elizabeth. Oko ebona ebona yakhe kangangokuba ngoko nangoko wambamba gigantomania yaye wayalela ukuba inzala yabo uphose intsimbi ukuba kwakuya wamaPolish Tsar Bell - imilinganiso yalo babemele benze ukuya kwiimitha 6.5 ububanzi, wabanyanzela ubunzima iimina 20,000. Kodwa uKumkanikazi abasweleka phambi kokuba bafike nowokumisela amisiweyo. Smolny Convent kulityalwa.

wemisebenzi ukhohliwe

kweminyaka emihlanu akwenziwanga nawuphi na umsebenzi. Ngaphandle uphahla neenqaba intsimbi, nasemveni kokutyatyekwa ezintsonkothileyo yimimango amavo ezimnyama. War zobuncwane igcwele, uCatherine II, i Rastrelli amaxolo asuswa ishishini. Iminyaka elishumi, ukususela kwiminyaka 1785 ukuya 1795, umsebenzi kwenziwa, ngoko ke ebesoyika. Kwaye ukuba akukho uvukile nokufika entsha uKumkanikazi Educational Society for girls abavela kwiintsapho ezindilekileyo, owaba kuphila kwenye, Smolny Convent eSt Petersburg ngebabehleli engafunwanga - apho kwakuhlala noonongendi-20 kuphela.

Ekubeni uPawulos "amantombazana zobunene" ( "smolyanok" okanye, njengoko zazibizwa) abagxothiweyo ndizihlalise phezu kwindawo abahlolokazi ezingenabantu. Ngokucacileyo, kukho izakhiwo ezinjalo, apho, nangona yobuhle, umntu akakwazi shushu indawo.

kwafika umnikazi

ezizaliswe ngokupheleleyo ukwakhiwa Nicholas I. baqhubeka ixesha unprecedentedly elide - iminyaka 87. Lomhleli V. P. Stasov, ngokuphumelela ukhuphiswano, ebuyiselweyo wambuyisela Cathedral iminyaka emithathu, yaye kuphela ngowe-1835, i-complex yamiselwa. Waba eyaziwa ngokuba Cathedral onke amaziko emfundo. Ngokukhuthazwa ubuhle ngaphandle, nto leyo a Smolny Convent (ifoto lingqina), iinkosi Russian baye bazama ukwenza embindini ngokulufaneleyo Rastrelli omkhulu. Iholo ke ezihonjiswe ibhola nezemarmore, ngumkhenkce umsebenzi altarpiece iintsika kunye Vasnetsov wenza Smolny Convent ubutyebi elikhethekileyo inkcubeko Russian. Ekuphela kwento zange igqitywe, nenqaba intsimbi, leyo, isimiso, akukho nefuthe inkangeleko yecawa. Bekumnandi.

Kule mihla, yonke into iwela kwindawo

Kodwa ukuhlala ndihleli kule yobume woonongendi ukuya namhlanje khange kunikwa revolution, emva koko le njengelitye nokuba isetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina. Lo mfo Ihlwempu lavalwa, udlule isandla; ngo-1990 isakhiwo isetyenziswa njenge iholo yekonsathi uze mboniso.

I wokuqala emva amaxesha amaninzi kangaka lomthandazo kwenzeka apha kuphela ngo-2009. Ukususela ngo-2010, i- Smolny Cathedral isetyenziselwa injongo eyenzelwe yona - ivuliwe unqulo. Ngo-2011, phantse kwiminyaka elikhulu kamva, kwi Smolny Cathedral zaye zabanjwa unqulo iKrismesi.