Kwisithili German lesizwe zeAltai Territory: ulawulo, ilali

kwisithili German lesizwe zeAltai Territory iye ekhaya amaMennonite kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni XVIII. Amalungu ale ndawo zonqulo ngokufuthi banyanzelwa ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo befuna indawo apho babengayi kutshutshiswa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, kwindawo encinane okwilizwe ubomi inzala kwabantu bokuqala German ngamaMennonite.

ngamaMennonite

Le enkolweni amaProtestanti, kwasekwa eNetherlands ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI. Oku kusekelwe neprotivlenchestvo ukuba esizibonakalisa ukwala ukuthatha ndizaphule iingalo zikaFaro, ngakumbi ke ukuba ukulusebenzisa nxamnye nabanye abantu.

Kubonakala ngathi Simons, umseki kwekhosi, kufuneka ube eninzi abalandeli okanye, ubuncinane, kufuneka abe nentlonelo ngenxa yokwala ukulwa, kodwa eneneni yonke into eyahlukileyo. Nzima ukusebenza kunye noxolo-bothando amaMennonite wala ukuya emkhosini, leyo ndamcaphukisa abasemagunyeni, yaye uphephe xa kwabe kunzima, nje ukuba lonke uluntu, waya kwelinye ilizwe.

Iliza yokuqala kwamanye amazwe kwenzeke kwiminyaka engama-50 yenkulungwane XVI, xa kwanyanzeleka ukuba babaleke ukusuka ku xanisiwa ka Kwamacala. Kwafika lwamaMennonite Russian kwi uphakamiso- uCatherine II ngenkulungwane XVIII emva kwexesha. Baba iintsapho 228, nto leyo bekhululwa zombini emkhosini kunye nenkonzo yoluntu, ngokubonelela ngaphezu kwama-60 eka komhlaba ngamnye.

I Chortitza Colony kuqala elakhiweyo, ngoko kwisithili Melitopol, kwaye ekuqaleni inxalenye ngenkulungwane XIX yentsapho, apho ngelo xesha kakhulu, waya eSiberia, apho kamva ofundileyo kwisithili German kazwelonke zeAltai Territory.

Education District

Xa 1907, abameli 3 kwiintsapho 180 waya thethana ku Stolypin, ukuxoxa indlela yokuhambisa abantu abangaphezu kwama-800 eSiberia, akukho namnye unako ukuba bacinga ukuba le izimele iya kukhula kwixesha elizayo.

Nicholas II ngokwakhe yedwa wawo baseJamani 60,000 eka komhlaba phantsi komqathango wokuba baya awusebenze, awugcine, uze emva koko ngo-1908-1910, kwakukho zokusonjululwa ndawo iphawulweyo.

Ngowe-1927, isigqibo Central eKomiti eLawulayo yayiququzelelwe liSebe i-National weSithili German ye zeAltai Territory kunye iziko yezolawulo kunye. Halbstadt (1908 g). Ngowe-1938 kwathiwa apheliswe, kodwa ibuyiselwe ummiselo ePhakamileyo yiSoviet of Russia ngo-1991 imida enye, apho sasiba koba.

BaseJamani zomthonyama, inzala wawo wokuqala, washiya le ndawo kwiminyaka 90, yaye namhlanje likhaya ngaphezu kwe-50% Russian, 40% of Russified baseJamani ne-10% - nezinye iintlanga.

kwilali National German kuMmandla zeAltai, kunye akhawunti nje kwama-17 amawaka. Man.

County Economy

Inkoliso yabantu inxaxheba kwezolimo ukukhulisa imfuyo. Zenqila kwizalathisi ilizwe inkulu ezityalwe: on iikhilomitha 1432 square umhlaba olimekayo babumba ezikwere zeekhilomitha 1243. Ngenxa kwimo yaso ekhethekileyo kwisithili German kazwelonke zeAltai Territory ufumana inkxaso-mali evela eJamani kunye nolawulo lommandla. Ngokomzekelo, ngoncedo lwabo kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo iye wakha indlu entsha kunye abangama-168 zokuhlala, inyama, yobisi kunye lokusila.

The main izityalo ezilinywa kweli phondo - ingqolowa nojongilanga, imifuno kunye nokutya. I-ofisi yesithili iye ioli yakhe lokusila ayo, utshwala, ivenkile nesoseji kunye Iideri-3.

labantu

Edge baloo lali zahluke kakuhle abanembeko,-yenzelwe kakuhle, ukuba babe okuninzi ngobunono kunye neegadi phambi omhle. Umzekelo, Podsosnovo (Altay, kwisithili National isiJamani) - yeyona dolophu kakhulu esebenzayo. Yasekwa ngonyaka ka-1894, le lali yaba yindawo kunikwe kwakho amaJamani ukusuka kummandla iVolga, nongakhange umhlaba owaneleyo wonke.

Ngelishwa, iziganeko eRashiya ukususela ekuqaleni revolution de 1991, kwakhokelela ekubeni kukuba ukususela abahlala kwezi ndawo de 1917 70,000 amaJamani ngoku phantse namnye. IEksodus kwaqala 90, xa inkoliso yabantu bomthonyama waya kwilizwe lawo yembali, kunye nokwakheka yobuhlanga litshintshile kakhulu umngcipheko.

Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo kwilali Field (zeAltai Territory, i-District National German). Kuye kwasungulwa abameli wawo ngo-1908. Ngelo xesha, yaba abemi kuphela 119, yaye ukunyuka kwamanani de 90 zokuqala. Ukususela ngowe-1999, inani labantu lehla, ngenxa yokushiywa kwabo eJamani.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ulawulo i-German National District of zeAltai Territory, ibekwe kwidolophana Halbstadt; inikeza yezindlu sale bahlali. Umyinge iindleko kumakhaya kwiidolophu ezinkulu ezifana sentlalo, Podsosnovo, iziko lolawulo kunye nezinye iindleko 300 000 engange. Le ntengo ngenxa yokuba zokuhlala baxhotyiswa zokufudumeza kunye nococeko, zizikolo, abancinane eziguqulweyo, zenkcubeko kunye namaziko zemali.

iziseko edge

kwilali German District zeAltai kunye a elula na ukubizwa. ngoko ke zicwangciswe kakuhle, nto leyo kufana kwiidolophu yaseYurophu naphakathi. Phantse wonke ndawo club kunye esikolweni, isibhedlele kwidolophana Cusack, a polyclinic in Halbstadt.

Phambi igagasi yokushiywa kwi 90 kule ngingqi unamathupha inkcubeko isiJamani kunye namasiko, kwabakho kwiphephandaba in German. Kungokunje yapapashwa Russian, njengoko amaJamani eliphakamise apha evela Kazakhstan, ngaba Russian-lothethayo.

Elalini kukho isiJamani Field Centre, nginginya imibhiyozo, leyo rhoqo iindwendwe amagcisa evela eJamani.

kwamanye amazwe

Okwangoku, enyeleni waseJamani ukuthutha abo banqwenela ukufumana iwonga ezizodwa abahlali balo ithuba phambili yokushiywa eJamani, kodwa eze kwaye abo bafuna ukuba libuye eYurophu.

Le yokugqibela umntu wamkelekile ngakumbi, njengoko eziwafaka eJamani, apho kwakukho abantwana nabazukulwana, kuya kunceda ukuvuselela amasiko zakudala baseJamani omthonyama kwiilali zalapha.