Listeriosis - ntoni na? Listeriosis - Iimpawu, Treatment, uThintelo

Lidla isifo eqhelekileyo namhlanje ingqalelo listeriosis. Yintoni na? Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba esi sifo kuyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa yintoni unobangela wayo? Zeziphi iimpawu eziphambili sihambisana? Ingaba zikhona iindlela ezisebenzayo unyango kunye nothintelo? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ngandlel ukuzikhusela ngokwabo? Olu lwazi luza kuba luncedo kubo bonke abantu.

Listeriosis - ntoni na?

Listeriosis sisifo esosulelayo. Xa iyeza yaziwa phantsi amagama ahlukeneyo, kuquka nevrellez, isifo kweTigris River, listerellez njalo njalo. D. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa usulelo loo isifo a sichaphazela kuqala inkqubo emithanjeni kunye inyama luvo.

Iarhente yokuqala sifo kuchazwa 1911 yi S. Halfesom. Ngowe-1926, izazinzulu eCambridge University (uphando ekhokelwa J. Murray) baba ngabokuqala ukuchonga arhente causative kwithishyu, pick up izigulane iihagu Guinea nemivundla.

Sele 1927 Ndamcela igama Piri iqela lwafunyanwa kutshanje ezincinane Listeria (Listeria) imbeko ISAZINZULU D. Lister, ngubani wafunda uhlobo sifo eMzantsi Afrika. Kwaye kakade ngo-1929, i-pathogen iye ingadibani inyama yabantu.

Inkcazelo emfutshane ye gciwane

Listeria - bacteria intonga-ezimilise, lalo kwiqela anaerobes facultative. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kanjalo ukuba esi ephilayo iyamelana yemeko ezisingqongileyo. Listeria uyakwazi nande amanzi emhlabeni kwaye izityalo okanye cadavers efileyo. Le ntsholongwane bangamelana ngokulula lomkhenkce. Nokuba phantsi kwelanga ngqo Listeria uyakwazi ukugcina ikhono ukukwazi ukuhlala iiveki ezimbini.

transmission indlela

Kakade ke, umba usasazeko ekusulelekeni ga afanelekileyo ngokwaneleyo. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, Listeria - Cya kakuhle kuzinza ukuze sisinde ngaphandle womkhosi ixesha elide.

Ngoko ke ufumana njani kwesi sifo ndinaso? Enyanisweni, indlela losulelo inokuba nomahluko - yinto isitshizi, kwaye ilindle-orali, kunye transplacental. Umthombo we-pathogen abanokosulelwa umntu, njengoko intsholongwane kwazona kunye endleni, amathe, incindi kunye nezinye iziselo. Nangokusulela kunokwenzeka osulelo ukusuka kumama ukuya emntwaneni ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuhanjiswa okanye ibele.

Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, usulelo lwenzeka kusetyenziso inyama okanye imveliso inkunkuma yezilwanyana egulayo. Enyanisweni, listeriosis isilwanyana asinto ingaqhelekanga. Usuleleko bawele imizimba yabo, nokuba ngamanzi. Kakhulu ukulimala iinkukhu izifo kunye nezilwanyana, nangona kaninzi abathwali listeria ezi ezincancisayo zasendle (raccoons, iimpuku, iimpungutye, ayabulala), kwakunye iintlanzi.

Kwelinye icala, usulelo lwe umzimba womntu ezingenzeka ngethuba nokudla amanzi ezingcolisekileyo ezingahlanjwanga kwemifuno kunye neziqhamo.

Ingaba kukho nawo nawuphi na umngcipheko?

Ngoko nangoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba usuleleko kubonakele ku onke amazwe aseYurophu kwaye, kakade, eziqhelekileyo kwamanye amazwe. Xa umzimba oluqhelekileyo esempilweni womntu olubuthathaka kakhulu kwiintlobo usulelo. Sekunjalo, iqela umngcipheko le kufuneka zibandakanye nabantu abasebenza kwicandelo izilwanyana.

Ngaphezu koko, kule meko kubaluleke kakhulu kwamajoni omzimba. Listeriosis xa abantu ekuncipheni uxhathiso banesifo rhoqo. Umzekelo, kuba olu hlobo zokugula abasetyhini abakhulelweyo ezithandwa kakhulu, iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa kunye nabantu abadala. ubungozi iquka ubukho umhlaza, isifo seswekile, okanye amanxeba kwinkqubo excretory. Amanye amachiza gqiba umsebenzi amajoni omzimba nako ukwandisa susceptibility ku Listeria. Kwaye basemngciphekweni ziquka izigulane immunocompromised.

Hi ndlela leyi, omzimba kule usuleleko kwakhona lwavelisa - omnye kuphila umntu bayosuleleka kwakhona.

Lo mfanekiso zekliniki Pathogenesis

Listeria ongena emzimbeni kwiinwebu phecana wokudla, ubuncinane - zingaphumeleli esikhumbeni. Ngoko ke Cya kunye negazi azinako wonke umzimba. Kakhulu, bona ezifakwe kwiindawo nkovu, apho aqale ukwanda ngamandla, nto leyo ekhokelela komtshiso oko.

Hi ndlela leyi, Listeria kusichukumisa ngaphakathi iiseli macrophage namhlophe. Apha ukuba ezigqunyiweyo ukusuka kwamajoni omzimba kwaye babe ingenwe antibiotics. Kwinkalo yokukhula esebenzayo iintsholongwane akhiwe njalo kuxokwa listeriomy ezo maqhuqhuva necrotic. Kwezinye iimeko, necrosis omkhulu kukhokelela kuphuhliso nokudumba. Ukongeza, Listeria rhoqo lihlasela luvo, nto leyo ekhokelela nemiphumo eyingozi.

Listeriosis: Iimpawu ebantwini

Indlela ukufumanisa ubukho sifo? Luluphi utshintsho emzimbeni ekufuneka kubangela inkxalabo? Ngoko nangoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba okuthatha ithatha ukusuka kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya ku-45, emva koko iqala ukubonisa listeriosis. Iimpawu abantu zixhomekeke ngqo apho amalungu abo bachatshazelwa yi iintsholongwane. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezinkulu kwesi sifo.

• ifomu Anginal-magciwane yamayeza ithathwa ukuba eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Kumanqanaba okuqala e-mfanekiso yinto efanayo ukuya angina njengesiqhelo. Ububomvu kunye nokudumba womqala. Izigulane ezikhala ubuhlungu xa ukuginya. Umntu unako ukuyiqwalasela ukwanda lezifo neendawo nkovu ekufuphi. Ukongeza, kukho, kwaye iimpawu eziphambili kunxilwe - fever (degrees ngamanye amaxesha ukuya ku 40-41), intloko, ukudinwa, izihlunu ezibuhlungu, kuthibaza. Xa kungekho unyango kunokubangela necrosis. Kwaye usulelo utshisa isakhiwo central system luvo.
• Kakhulu eyingozi listeriosis luvo. Iimpawu kulo mzekelo bafana umfanekiso lwezonyango kunye meningitis, meningoencephalitis kunye amathumba. Meningitis ihamba yintloko ebuhlungu, ukugabha, unditsho, ingqondo, ngqongqo kwemisipha entanyeni. Meningoencephalitis xa isigulane na ezinye iimpawu, kuquka ptosis (zibhetyebhetye) loMthetho iinkophe kunye anikozoriyu (ubukhulu libiwe kwelinye abafundi).
• Xa kubelekwa abantwana abosulelwe badla ukuphuhlisa listeriosis yokubolisa granulomatous. Iimpawu ezahlukeneyo layo - ngumkhuhlane, iintlungu, umonakalo luvo, ukukhubazeka, irhashalala, njl Ngokufuthi, usulelo ichaphazela kuphela uvalo, kodwa inkqubo yokuphefumla kunye sentliziyo ... ingxaki rhoqo kwale ndlela esi sifo a unepleurisy ubovu kunye nenyumoniya.
• Kukho nesifo amehlo-glandular ukuba amayeza mihla kakhulu inqabile. Amaninzi, olu hlobo sifo senzeka kule contact ngqo ezigulayo. Lo mfanekiso kwezonyango kule meko kufana ubovu conjunctivitis. Ehamba esigulisa yangaphakathi inwebu ukudumba yamehlo, ukudumba, ububomvu kunye ukubonakala yokumpompoza ubovu enkulu. Kaninzi izigulane ezikhala ukurhawuzelela kakhulu, ukutsha kunye neentlungu emehlweni. Ezi mpawu ezikhethekileyo nga zibandakanya ukwanda ngamandla lobushushu kunye nobukho iimpawu zinetyhefu, nto leyo kwi conjunctivitis eziqhelekileyo kucaciswa hayi. Ngaphezu koko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele ukunyuka kwiindawo nkovu ekufuphi.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukufumanisa listeriosis kwangathi ugqirha kuphela. Ngoko ke, imbonakalo iimpawu yokuqala kufuneka bafune uncedo lobungcali.

iindlela Modern loxilongo

Enyanisweni, kukho izifo ezininzi ukuba iimpawu zabo zifana Listeria. Yintoni na kwaye yintoni na imithetho kwesifo umahluko? Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iimeko, esi sifo kufana mononucleosis esosulelayo kunye umqala obuhlungu, kwakunye izifo ezahlukeneyo viral zemiphunga.

Imbali sifo, kakade, iqala uluhlu isikhalazo nokunikezela yesigulane. Kwixesha elizayo, iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo eziqhutywa. Ngokukodwa, ngexesha ilabhoratri ucalulo lwemizekelo igazi ingabonwa landa kakhulu inani monocytes. Xa abantu, isigulana kuxhomekeka kubukho kweempawu ikhutshwa kocingo yencindi ephuma emlonyeni nasemqaleni, ukubhobhoza conjunctival, ulwelo fluid. Kwezinye iimeko okuhlatywa kweenkqantosi nkovu. Kuba listeriosis okusolwayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ugqirha wakho unokuchaza isampulu kunye nokuvavanywa iisampuli ulwelo fluid okanye ngumkhaya.

Phantsi kweemeko laboratory, imboni oluqhutywa a medium kwezondlo. Le nkqubo yenza kube lula nje kuphela ukujonga uhlobo pathogen, kodwa novakalelo yayo imveliso ethile amayeza.

uvavanyo lokukhangela listeriosis ichanile kakhulu, kodwa ukuze unike iziphumo bobuxoki. izifundo Eminye kungaxhomekeka kuhlobo kwesi sifo. Ngokomzekelo, xa umguli okukrokrelwayo ithumba ubukho ithunyelwe kwi MRIs. uhlobo ukoyika listeriosis kufuna thethwano luvo, ngokunjalo ukwenza i empontshwa kunye nobuchopho EEG.

Indlela yokuphatha listeriosis?

Kakade ke, imbali sifo ibaluleke kakhulu ukwenzela ukulungiselela olufanelekileyo irejimeni yonyango. Ngoko kubonakala ngathi unyango lwezifo ezifana?

Isigulana lokuqala emiselweyo antibiotics. Lidla zintsholongwane esebenzayo njengangoku ingqalelo ukuba erythromycin, tetracycline kunye chloramphenicol. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha wakho ukukhetha ezinye iziyobisi, ekubeni bonke oko kuxhomekeke iqondo nobuntununtunu iintsholongwane zizame into ethile.

Kunye nale, isigulane lesitofu yegazi isisombululo isotonic sodium chloride kwaye zibeka womchamo - oku kuyanceda ukuba bahlukane iimveliso inkunkuma eyingozi kunye nokuvala iimpawu eziphambili ukunxila.

Ezinye iindlela unyango ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobungozi besi sifo. Umzekelo, kunye izitshanguba e-nervous system yenziwa izigulane benzylpenicillin. Ukuba isifo iliso wambetha, ngoko ukusebenzisa unyango iliso yayo ivuthuluke, aqholiweyo maxa wambi arhabaxa corticosteroid.

Njengokuba kude nje unyango ixesha elide kufuna listeriosis? Unyango wenziwa kuphela kwiimeko zokubhala - oko kukuthi, kwisebe ezosulelayo. Njengoko umthetho, iimpawu eziphambili sifo shwaka emva kweeveki 2-4. Emva koko, isigulane kufuneka ukuba bahlolwe kwakhona - ukuba iziphumo kwaqinisekisa kukungabikho listeria, umntu unako ukubhala. Noko ke, listeriosis ebegula iminyaka emibini kufuneka zibhaliswe kwisebe ezosulelayo yaye enziwe uxilongo lwezonyango rhoqo.

nokuba iingxaki emva kunokwenzeka?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukunikwa unyango eyeneleyo ixesha kunceda ngokukhawuleza ukulahla sifo. Kodwa kukho ezinye iingxaki, nto leyo ehambisana listeriosis. Yintoni na?

Kuba isiqalo kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iingxaki ezichatshazelwe kakhulu ukuba abakhuselekanga abantwana kuzalwa, kunye nabantu kunye neenkqubo wokugonyeka sengozini enkulu. Ngexa lokukhulelwa, usuleleko koomama kunye nomzimba, ngokulandelelana, ingane kunokukhokelela ebunayo ndingekazalwa, ifile, ukuvela malformations ezithile foetal kuphuhliso, njl Ukuba umntwana yiNTSHOLONGWANE ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana, kwiintsuku zokuqala yomzimba yomntwana bangafumana iingxaki ezifana ubovu meningitis, kukwaphula iinkqubo bokuphefumla kwegazi. Listeria kunokubangela kakhulu lwe pneumonia, nto leyo edla uphela ebulalayo umntwana.

Kakhulu ezibuhlungu kwifom luvo zesi sifo. Lo mntwana uhlobo efanayo lwesifo kungakhokelela kumonakalo nenkqubo luvo, leyo, ngokulandelelana, kubandakanya iingxaki ezifana ukukhubazeka engqondweni, isifo sokuwa, ukukhubazeka.

Xa abadala, imiphumo ziqhelekileyo ziquka endocarditis kunye hepatitis. Kodwa nditsho nasebudaleni uhlobo ukoyika listeriosis kwiindawo ngaphandle unyango iphela lethally kwi-45 - 70% amatyala. Kungenxa yoko le nto kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukuba ukungabahoyi iimpawu okanye self-medicate.

amanyathelo ezicetyiswayo lokunqanda

Ngelishwa, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho yeza ukukhusela abantu nesifo ekuthiwa listeriosis ngonaphakade. Uthintelo kule meko nzima kukuba igciwane linamandla kakhulu ukuya yemeko ezisingqongileyo kwaye ngenisa umzimba womntu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Kungenxa yoko le ndlela kuphela kuyasebenza yokhuseleko kukulandela ngenyameko zonke izikhokelo zempilo ezempilo kunye nokhuseleko kunye nezilwanyana. Ezifama kunye kwiifama inxaxheba izilwanyana ezikhulayo, izilwanyana kufuneka kuhlolwa rhoqo uze ubanike unyango umgangatho xa kuyimfuneko. Ke ukuba ukhuseleko lobuqu, kufuneka musa ukulibala malunga nokuphathwa olufanelekileyo lokutya - kuyimfuneko ukuba imbiza ibile ubisi, inyama, ayi kunye nezinye iimveliso inyama uyose ngenyameko kakuhle.

Umntu kwafunyaniswa esi sifo kufuneka ziphathwe esibhedlele, ukuze abe ngumthombo usulelo kwabanye. Isicatshulwa kunokwenzeka kuphela xa iziphumo zovavanyo kwaqinisekisa ukumimitheka ngokupheleleyo kunye nokungabikho igciwane-ebangela umzimba.