Ngoobani bakhumbula ngomhla lamaxhoba repressions zezopolitiko

Usuku Lokukhunjulwa Amaxhoba Imizamo lezopolitiko yasungulwa njenge umhla khunubembe 1991, ngaphambi ekuweni yiSoviet Union njengelizwe emanyeneyo.

October 30 lusuku xa basigcine bonke abo yaphela imihla bakhe ukungena Kolyma, ukudutyulwa kwi zewayini of the NKVD, GPU, i Cheka, i MGB kunye namanye amaziko sesohlwayo ababelungiselela amaKomanisi.

Kutheni 1937?

Inxalenye inyaniso ngokwenzekayo kunye namabanjwa kwi kwinqaku 58, abemi yiSoviet bafunda ngo-1956, akuba ngomsebenzi izinto ze-XX Congress. Ngenjongo ukuthandabuza isiseko lembombo kwenkqubo lorhulumente wenkqubo yobuSoshali kwi kuNobhala First of the CPSU, NS Khrushchev wayengekho, wayekholelwa ukuba akunakuphepheka uloyiso nolobukomanisi. iinzame ngqindilili ukweyisela abasebenzi ingcamango yohlobo random ye iintlekele ezigidi senziwa.

Memory amaxhoba zocindezelo kwezopolitiko baye bazinikela iziqephu eziliqela ziyavela iifilimu, ezivame bonke yaphela ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngempumelelo, kodwa inqondo zigxile inani "1937" njengophawu mthetho kunye nalwazelelelo. Kutheni ukhetha kulo nyaka? Ngenxa inani lamathuba wabanjwa ziqhutywa edlulileyo, kwaye ezilandelayo wayengekho mncinci, yaye maxa wambi ezinkulu.

Isizathu kulula. Ngowe-1937, inkokheli Communist Party (b) liqalise indlela ukucocwa ezintlwini zakhe iqela lakhe. Indima i "iintshaba" bazama kwabo kutshanje bekwi isigqibo ngesidanga ukunyaniseka ummi xa isigqibo Isiphelo sakhe. Lo mgangatho igcinwa ngokusisigxina ukuyisonga.

Amaxhoba okanye babembulala?

Ukubeka iMini Lokukhunjulwa Amaxhoba Imizamo zezopolitiko, amasekela ezininzi kweBhunga Ephakamileyo, unamathele icala wamaKomanisi, kwakhona ezama ukuqinisekisa uluntu ngokubanzi, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ngokwabo ukuba socialism kunokwenzeka kunye ezizodwa, ubuso 'abantu' abanye. Ngokomzekelo i "imifanekiso eliqaqambileyo" of Leninists amaKomanisi, ezifana Tukhachevsky, Uborevich, Blucher, Zinoviev, Bukharin, Rykov kunye Kamenev. Olubalo yayilula, nangona yemfundo jikelele ezizisekondari nokufumaneka koqeqesho kwizikolo eziphakamileyo, abemi ilizwe Amaqumrhu ukuya ekufundweni ezakudala ka Marxism-noLenin baphethwe ngayo ngokusemthethweni, kumgaqo "ezinkqayiweyo, wegqitha, ndilibele."

Bekucingelwa ukuba iMini Lokukhunjulwa Amaxhoba Political Imizamo abantu baya ukukhumbula amalungu wabulawa of Politburo Lenin kaThixo, wabasiki Kronstadt kunye Tambov, le theoreticians le ubuzwilakhe yesigaba, kunye nezinye abameli yamaBolshevik elite, kwimeko yesiqhelo kwi mashumi emva kwexesha okanye kule minyaka Gorbachev.

Ukukhunjulwa abantu umbala

Inyaniso, Noko ke, kukuba engenakuphikwa yokuba series zokucoca i CPSU (b) kwakuyinto phambili ubhalo umgca lepati jikelele kwi ingcinezelo ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na ukuphikisana. Ukususela ngo-1917, wazithwala phandle kulitshabalalisa okunenjongo imibala ye yoluntu Russian. ekubulaweni kwenqwaba abalimi, nababingeleli, iinjingalwazi, iinjineli, emkhosini, abameli yeengcali creative iminyaka engaphezu amabini, ingqalelo inkqubo imbali, beza ihlombe kwaye hoots ngovuyo Bukharin, Radek, Zinoviev, yaye "Leninists oyinyaniso" like logama nje bona ngokwabo abayi kuwa phantsi ngezembe kukaStalin.

Imini ye Lokukhunjulwa Amaxhoba Imizamo yezopolitiko ukukhumbula lava a va kaneta totalitarianism kule minyaka yasemva Stalin, yaye baba baninzi. Ingqalo gqira kuphawulwa luqhankqalazo ezaziwayo ezininzi ezinkulu-isikali, aduma Novocherkassk (1962), Krasnodar (1961), Odessa (1960) kunye neminye imizi. Edubula umboniso, amabhunga okuyimfihlo phezu "nabaququzeleli", izivakalisi yokufa umphumo.

Solovetsky Stone on Lubyanka Square yayiyindawo apho uSuku lwe memory yamaxhoba zocindezelo babeke iintyatyambo amabanjwa zangaphambili, inzala yabo bonke khumbula inyaniso okanye ufuna ukwazi. Ezi, ngelishwa, buya ezincinane.