Ntoskrnl.exe - yintoni na? inkcazelo eneenkcukacha candelo

Windows iinkqubo ukusa kumkhamo othile ayi ehlabathini lonke. Noko ke, ngokubhekisele kwilizwe lethu, oku imeko kucaciswe ngakumbi. Enoba lwalunjani, kodwa uninzi abasebenzisi zasekhaya elithi "Indlela yokusebenza" obangela nawuphi na umbutho, ngaphandle ukwenzeka phambi kokuba iliso umgangatho "iifestile."

Efanayo kubangelwa kukuba uninzi iingxaki ezijongene abasebenzisi bethu, ngendlela enye okanye omnye ezinxulumene nje enye ezineempawu ezithile "iifestile". Ngelishwa, bambalwa abantu kufuneka ubuncinane ukuba kuthethwa inkqubo yokusebenza ngazo ukuba asebenze yonke imihla. Kodwa oku kukhokelela ukubonakala ezininzi iingxaki abazange okucengacengayo. Ngaba ubusazi umzekelo, yintoni ntoskrnl.exe? Kodwa le yenye yeendima ezibalulekileyo ze-Windows, ngaphandle ulwazi iimpawu ukuba nazo neengxaki ezinkulu kakhulu.

definition

Ngamafutshane, ngeli gama egadeni ifihla nto umntu, kodwa undoqo kweenkqubo NT. Kakade ke, le nto yonke kernel, kodwa kakhulu inxalenye ebalulekileyo yalo. Le intambo yenzelwe ukuqala kwindlela ekhuselekileyo. Kakade ke, ngenxa yokuba oku ngokufanelekileyo ekujoliswe umgangatho yokuhlaselwa ikhompuyutha zenkqubo.

Apho ibekwe?

Ulwazi inkqubo indawo, kwiimeko ezininzi, kuluncedo kakhulu, njengoko likuvumela ukuba ukumisela, nto ejinga element kumphathi umsebenzi ntsholongwane. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, lwefayile ibekwe kwiindawo eziliqela, nto leyo inyathelo kakhulu wagwetyelwa ngokubhekiselele ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko njengento ebalulekileyo noshowo nkqubo.

Ngoko, xa ingozi umonakalo ngenxa yokusebenza okanye ukungasebenzi kwesixhobo sekhompyutha, ahlasele virus okanye enye inkqubo iinkathazo ukubuyiselwa kuba lula. Noko ke, makuphicothwe elikumgangatho zonke labobalawuli Windows. Ukususela XP, unako ukufumana ifayile kulawulo kule dilesi ilandelayo: c: \ windows \ system32 \ ntoskrnl.exe.

koguqulelo olwahlukileyo lwe fayile

Iingcali niqaphele ukuba umhla kwi OS iinkqubo Windows ngexesha elinye nawe lingabonakala ngathi iinguqulelo ezine le fayile. Nazi ke:

• ntoskrnl.exe inokuba njengenxalenye ngumongo kwi uniprocessor izimiselo kwindlela ;
• ngokufanelekileyo, kwakhona kuba yinxalenye uguqulelo multi-wegama le OS;
• imo uniprocessor ukuba gigabytes ngaphezu ezintathu RAM kwakhona kufuna intsebenziswano ezinzileyo inguqulo yayo yefayili;
• Ekugqibeleni, ntoskrnl.exe ezahlukeneyo abe iinkqubo multi-core kunye gigabytes ngaphezu ezintathu RAM.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kulawulo lwenkqubo boot

Ngelo lokuqala kulayishwa umlayishi (bootloader) inkqubo edlulisela yolawulo inkqubo loseto lwefayile Ntoskrnl. Last umkhwetha inkcazo izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ibalekisa kakhulu nokulungiselela inkqubo nokusingqongileyo ngenxa ekuqaleni umsebenzi kunye nezicelo ezahlukeneyo nezinto eziluncedo.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba neenkqubo ezintsha ntoskrnl.exe? 7 Windows (kwakunye Windows 8 no Vista) nokuba ezixhomekeke kuyo (xa kuthelekiswa kunye neenguqulelo OS abadala), kwakunye kweli xesha lethu ingakumbi inkqubo wokhuselo ebalulekileyo nxamnye malware. Namhlanje, ziye zaba kakhulu ngakumbi "lokuqamba", zingene OS kwi nqanaba sokuqaliswa yayo.

inkqubo yokhuseleko Personal

A ibaluleke kakhulu kule nkqubo iintsimbi okungxalwe umaleko ezingundoqo - Hardware nokutsalwa Layer. Oku kubalulekile kuba inkqubo ntoskrnl.exe into wabulawa indlela ilungelo le CPU. Olu khetho ochwepheshe ngokuba "zero isangqa wokhuseleko» (Ring 0). Ngamafutshane, indlela yokungena eyodwa kuvumela inkqubo ukufikelela ngqo amacandelo inkqubo, ngokudlulisela zingabe technology. Oku ukwandisa isantya kernel, ukulinganisela kwaso nokuzimela ukusuka iqokobhe yomtshini yangaphandle. Awu, kodwa Kuqeqesho koloko ngokwahlukileyo kancinci.

Xa kabanzi malware

Akumangalisi ukuba le nkqubo i "iqhekeza okumnandi" kuba bemeko- izicelo ngolunya. Ngapha koko, ukuba iyazosulela oko, ungafumana ufikelelo kwinkqubo kwi imo-kwinqanaba elisezantsi! Ukuba olo phazamiseko kunokwenzeka, naziphi na izixhobo wesi isebenza ngqo kwi Windows, kuba engenamsebenzi ngokupheleleyo.

Noko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje kule ngxaki sele iye yasuswa. kanye ubunyani kuphazamisa ngempumelelo wavula uthelekiso olulula ntoskrnl.exe izibalo asa lwefayile (oko kukuthi, sele ukwazi), nto leyo Axhome kwiinkqubo kwinkqubo, ngokufanayo "reference" eloxabiso elinikiwyo yi-Microsoft.

Ezinye iindlela zokhuseleko

Ukuba uzama ukucima le ifayile ukusuka kwindawo yalo efanelekileyo kwifolda Windows, ngoko emva kokuba imizuzwana elishumi okanye elinambini, uya kuphinda zibe kwindawo enye! Apho uya eza kuthinjelwa apho? Ewe, nje khuphela kwi inkqubo ngqo kwimemori.

Ubukho yale nkqubo kwinkumbulo kuqinisekisa ukuba ikopi yale disk akuyi indawo ethile umfuziselo ngolunya. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngokupheleleyo, iinkqubo ngoku usapho Windows ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuthelekiswa ezi fayile lonke umsebenzi wabo.

Indlela ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo?

Makhe sijonge phandle, ngaba ngokwenene kwinkqubo iinkqubo uluhlu ntoskrnl.exe ezikhoyo. Kuthetha ukuthini? Okokuqala kufuneka usebenzise i "Umphathi Task" (ngokucinezela amaqhosha amathathu, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngentla), kwaye ke kukho ingongoma ukuphawula "Bonisa iinkqubo ukusuka bonke abasebenzisi." Emva koko, inkqubo kuyabonakala. Kakade ke, kufuneka ziqalwe kwi ndawo zilandelayo: windows \ system32 \ ntoskrnl.exe.

neengxaki

Awu, kodwa kusenziwa inqabile kakhulu ukuhlangabezana iimeko xa inkqubo umthwalo akusekho kunokwenzeka ngenxa kwifayile ongekho ntoskrnl.exe. "Screen Blue of Death" Kwakhona kaninzi kwenzeka ngenxa yaloo nto ke.

Iingcali ngokuzithemba ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, le ngxaki kwenzeka ngenxa nayiphi asilotyala disk eziprintiweyo computer. Ngokufuthi, abasebenzisi ezijongene nale ububi emva kokutshintsha inkqubo disk engundoqo okanye ufake i hard drive entsha. Ngamafutshane, emva kokuba kuqwalaselwe naziphi ukusebenzisa yesitalato nzima drives.

Unobangela oqhelekileyo ingxaki

Nangona ezinye vagueness kwesigama, ezinye izinto ezisisiseko kuhlala phantse ingatshintshwanga. Nazi ke:

• Amatyala iimpazamo kwindlela yefayile, amaxesha amaninzi on XP ne OSes abadala (ungangena kwaye ulungise umyalelo chkdsk).
• Ngenxa ukusilela disk sekhompyutha nzima okubangelwa wean ngamandla ngesiquphe.
• Xa idiski eqinileyo kwenzeka iibhloko bed (zitshekishwa zize inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba "Victoria" alungiswe).

Ngaba ndimbuyisela ifayile obonakele?

Ewe, ngenene. Ukuze wenze lo msebenzi, kuya kufuneka ukuba disk apho wena okanye abahlobo bakho ukuba ukufaka le nkqubo. Emva kokuba uyilayishe ezantsi kufuneka ukhethe kwi window ukuba ubonakala "Masters" ukhethe "System Buyisela ', ukusuka apho ukuba usebenzise indlela zelayini yomyalelo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufaka lo myalelo ulandelayo: ukwandisa d: \ i386 \ ntoskrnl.ex_ c: \ windows \ system32. Qaphela: endaweni D wabeka ileta yakhe in optical drive!

Nqakraza ku Faka. Ukuba yonke into yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, uya kucelwa ukuba uyavuma ukuba ubhale iifayile. Cinezela Y iqhosha kwakhona, nqakraza kwi Faka iqhosha. Ifayili bazakwenziwa-ukhutshelwe ukusuka kwi diski woqondo kwaye ubhale ngaphezulu izinto abonakele kwindlela yakho.

Okubalulekileyo! Ukubuyisela, sebenzisa kuphela kwi diski ufakelo esemthethweni. Enoba kunjalo, musa ukusebenzisa le njongo zonke iintlobo "ibandla", ngenxa yoko unako ukufumana iingxaki nangaphezulu!