Saharomer-vinomer: yokusebenzisa njani? Imiyalelo zokusetyenziswa, iintlobo hydrometer

Vinomer (saharomer, hydrometer) yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwezixhobo zovavanyo kunye ulinganiso yi bewayini kunye abawenzayo. Le fowuni ngokubanzi eyenziwe iglasi tube esitywiniweyo kwaye lithwele ngezantsi eyandisiweyo nesibili elide elimxinwa. Zingasetyenziswa ngokusebenzisana kunye, njengesilinda ephakamileyo zingcakacile, ezele ulwelo. Xa sokuvalwa kuyilo isixhobo iwayini liyayivumela ukuba zidade kunye eqinileyo, ekupheleni downwardly ngqo. Iimpawu vinomera isuswe kwindawo isikali zoqhagamshelwano kwalibaziseka kwi web, kunye kumphezulu ulwelo.

Yintoni eyenziwa hydrometer ngokwenene?

Ukuze ufumane ezixineneyo ethile, E. Umlinganiselo lexinene kufuneka okanye iwayini, okt. Lexinene amanzi, kufuneka isetyenziswe vinomer (saharomer) indlu. Indlela yokusebenzisa isixhobo? Le fowuni umlinganiselo isixa yeswekile zendalo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukuvavanya ukunyenyisa iresiphi zisele ngokungqinelana okukhomba ezifunyenweyo. Winemaker nako ukulandela inkqubela yokubola, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukwenza uhlengahlengiso ngoko nangoko.

Nawuphi na umntu othe waziphatha ekwenziweni iwayini, uyazi ukuba kukho unxulumano ngqo phakathi umlinganiselo weswekile ekhoyo iidiliya (okanye ezinye amaqunube kunye neziqhamo), kunye ipesenti utywala ekupheleni yokubola.

Kutheni Ndidinga hydrometer?

Iinjongo apho kusetyenziswa vinomer zilandelayo:

• yokulinganisa lexinene ethile imanzi;
• nokugcina izibalo echanekileyo yi eyenziweyo ukwandisa ipesenti utywala;
• yokulinganisa ubungakanani zendalo weswekile abakhoyo kufuneka okanye iwayini;
• ukuchonga ipesenti okunokwenzeka utywala ngexesha nokongeza iswekile kunye igwele;
• yokuhlola inkqubela yokubola;
• nokuzimisela ukuguqulwa ekhulwini utywala ngexesha igwele usebenzisa iziboniso "phambi" yaye "emva";
• ukumisela ixesha lesiphelo yokubola, okanye yintoni na isigaba kufuneka bupheliswe.

Indlela yokusebenzisa vinomerom (myalelo ukuba umthengi)

Xa uthenga i hydrometer kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo oku kulandelayo:

• lomqolo isikali (ubukhulu kunye ubuncinane) kufuneka athobele imeko ethile. Standard uluhlu zokulinganisela bewayini lwenkobe uluhlu 0,990 ukuya 1,120. Ngokomzekelo, ukuze afikelele isiqulatho utywala iwayini-12%, kufuneka uqale igwele kunye benokundileka ethile 1,090.
• Kuba abathile ulwelo ekujongwe vinomer? Indlela yokusebenzisa isixhobo, echazwe kule imiyalelo apha.
• Ezinye hydrometers nga yalinganisa womxhuzulane ethile, kodwa abaninzi silinganisa ipesenti yabo umxholo yeswekile enokubakho utywala.
• Kufuneka zicaciswe lobushushu apho lihlelwe vinomer ukuba usebenzise indlela ifomula conversion ezinoxinano ezithile ngokusekelwe iqondo lobushushu isampuli (ubushushu yongqanianiso iqhelekileyo +15 ° C).
• Ingaba ubungakanani lombhobho isixhobo ubukhulu yokulinganisa.
• Nokuba kukho ityala olukhuselayo (hydrometers zibuthathaka).

komculo

Indlela yokusebenzisa vinomerom-saharomerom? ngumash Sample igalelwe njengesilinda yokulinganisa. Hydrometer ngobunono kwehlisa kungena ulwelo kunye isindululo ejikelezayo okuncinane. Umbhojana iya ukuthi xumbu kwayo, iflowuthi kancinane, kude ime kwinqanaba le-mninzi fluid.

Le vinomer ngaphezulu pops up, iswekile ngakumbi kwisampulu. Okukhona ifowuni kufa- inowuthi lexinene engamanzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba iswekile kweli nqanaba ukhutshelwa phantse ngokupheleleyo utywala okanye isampuli ngayo incinci kakhulu.

Xa wehlisa hydrometer kwi itankana izidanga kufuneka siqiniseke ukuba lo yunithi hit ezantsi kwaye abazange ngozi.

Indlela yokusebenzisa vinomerom-saharomerom? Guide Ukulinganisa

Nawa amanyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula kuya kunceda ukuthatha ukufundwa of the device:

• hydrometer zintsholongwane, iisampulu iwayini sampler kunye yokulinganisa cylinder sodium metabisulfite okanye enye sterilizer efanayo;
• Ukuseta indebe yokulinganisa endaweni ethe tyaba;
• sampler ukuba athathe isampuli kufuneka okanye iwayini, ngaphandle intlenga okanye izinto ezithile, njengoko oku kuya kuchaphazela yokufundwa;
• balizalise kwitoti kunye nemali eyaneleyo fluid iflowuthi ukuba vinomer (njenge-80%);
• Ngocoselelo ukwehlisa hydrometer kwi lombhobho yokulinganisa (ngexesha ekufakeni kufuneka aze ajikeleziswe ngoko amaqamza bengabambeleli emazantsi edadayo, nto leyo enokuchaphazela ubungqina bakhe);
• Qiniseka ukuba isixhobo sombane angamchukumisi udonga lombhobho yokulinganisa kwaye ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise ngokukhululekileyo, uthathe ufundo kwi ezantsi meniscus.

Le meniscus - egopheni akhiwa umphezulu eliphezulu ulwelo ukunxibelelana nabanye into by the force of komhlaba akhululeke. Iimpawu kufuneka isuswe ngokupheleleyo ngokubhala amanani ukusuka kwiindawo omnye ukuya kwemithathu wokugqibela, kwaye abayi kuqingqelwa ukuba amanani zamvanje, kuba kwixesha elizayo kungenzeka bayonakalise.

Hydrometer, waphumelela nesilinda, kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izikhongozeli babesebenzisa kufuneka zihlanjwe kakuhle.

Kufuneka wenze umkhwa ukuba ubhale phantsi yonke into esilinganisa vinomer. Indlela yokusebenzisa ubungqina bakhe, ezichazwe kamva kweli nqaku. Kwakhona, qiniseka kukho imfuneko ukubhekisela kuzo kwixesha elizayo.

iintlobo vinomerov

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo hydrometer: abathile enye kuphela isikali, abanye ezimbini nantathu. imilinganiso emithathu ezifuna winemaker zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• bekukubi ethile;
• isiqulatho sugar;
• share enokubakho utywala.

Isikali Ukuxinana ngokuqhelekileyo iqala ize iphele ngo 0,990 1.120. Kuba amanzi, ixabiso layo ilingana mnye, nangona kunjalo, ukuba isixhobo ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise emanzini, likumyinge kufuneka zingqamane uphawu 1,000. Ukuba ukunyibilikisa iswekile, ngoko ke hydrometer izakuveliswa.

amanye amanqaku

ncomo Umsebenzisi ziyacetyiswa ukuba imilinganiselo nocoselelo izibalo zisoloko iphinda-phindwe. Mhlawumbi ngenxa iwayini ekhaya ukwenza umlinganiselo kakhulu oluchanekileyo akunjalo kakhulu, kodwa ukuba ngumkhwa olungileyo, apho ukwazi ukuphepha amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu okanye asezantsi kakhulu utywala ngenxa imilinganiselo ezingachanekanga.

Umzekelo, 125 g yeswekile iqhawulwa ilitha enye yamanzi, uya ezixineneyo ethile 1,046.

Iimeko ezichaphazela ukufundwa

Ngokuqhelekileyo, amaqamza yekharboni dayokhsayidi eziveliswa Igwele ukunyuka ndibachithachithe emoyeni. Ekuqaleni yokubola, xa kakhulu ukuzikhetha, ukuba ziqhotyoshelwe umbhojana aze abhabhe amandla vinomer. Indlela yokusebenzisa kulo mzekelo, ingxelo yakhe ilungile? Xa ndantywiliselwa ukubuyekeza umsebenzisi fluid bacebisa Jikelezisa hydrometer. Emva kokugqitywa kwethuba Ukubila esebenzayo ngokuqhelekileyo amaqamza anisezizo ngxaki.

Kukho omnye umba, echazwe yi-winemaker, esebenzisa vinomer ekhaya. Indlela yokusebenzisa esi sixhobo xa ubushushu isampuli le yahlukile lobushushu ekulinganisweni? Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba ilingana no-20 ° C, kodwa ngenxa ukuzithemba kufuneka ukuba bahlole imiyalelo lomenzi. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunokubangela phantsi-ukufundwa. Ngoko ke, lo umphumo izakulungiswa.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo eziphembelela ngendlela yokusebenzisa indlela vinomerom-saharomerom, kuba phambi utywala. mninzi layo lingaphantsi koko amanzi, kwaye edadayo ayikho ngezantsi. Kuba hydrometer sinawo imiphumo ekubeni umbhojana Uphakamisa iswekile, ubukho kula macandelo mabini kwi isiphoso unempembelelo efanayo phezu kwezinye. Amanyathelo Isikali inqanaba okuneswekile ichanekile kuphela ekuqaleni yokubola, xa kungekho utywala kwi engamanzi akakho. Iwayini uyiguqula owomileyo, kuya kufuneka amaxabiso akhabanayo esikalini.

Ngethamsanqa, ifuthe kotywala kwi hydrometer akonwabi kwaye ithathelwe ingqalelo xa nawo iifomyula zemathematika kusetyenziswa ukubala i-alkoholi kunye nepesenti intsalela zeswekile. Kulapho kukho inzuzo usebenzisa loxinano ethile - iwayini owomileyo na ngezantsi 0.999, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kule izibalo.

ukuchazwa zazinemilinganiselo

Enye ingxaki evukayo xa usebenzisa ekhaya vinomer-saharomer - indlela yokusebenzisa yokufundwa sixhobo? Ingxelo evela kubasebenzisi Kucetyiswa ukuba ukugcina log zonke iziphumo zovavanyo abawafumeneyo iwayini ethile. Ngokutsho kwizigqibo ezithile ngaphandle kokwenza naziphi na izibalo.

Oko ukufunde kuqala, athathwe phambi kokuba ekuqaleni yokubola, nithi, kukho imali eyaneleyo iswekile ekhoyo ukuvelisa anenani elifunekayo utywala. Kuba Ukuzinza alkoholi ukuba iwayini kuwo kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-10%, nto leyo ithetha ukuba loxinano ethile lokuqala kufuneka ibe ubuncinane 1,080 (ixabiso Brix kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-20). Ukuba inqanaba neswekile iphantsi kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukuba alungise, koko wenze omnye umlinganiselo. Isalathisi omtsha iza kuba "kuqala."

Naziphi na iinkcukacha ezifunyenwe emva kokuqala yokubola, onokufaniswa yangaphambili ukulandelela inkqubela yonke ukubila. Ukunciphisa lexinene ibonisa ukuhla iswekile egazini nokwandisa isiqulatho utywala. Ukuba ukufundwa ahlale vinomera ezinzileyo phakathi imilinganiselo emibini, oko yenye ngemiqondiso ukuba igwele sele kugqityiwe.

Ukuba mninzi isiphoso inyuswe, yaye akuzange kube ngenxa ukongeza sugar okanye enye into kusenokwenzeka Ityala carbon dioxide, ingakumbi xa amaqamza ziyabonakala. Ukuba oku kwenzeka kufuphi ekupheleni kwexesha yokubola, kunokwenzeka ukuba balahle gas ngokusebenzisa Ukuxutywa olumandla zewayini emva ngokuyihluza.

Ukuba ukufundwa zizinze kunye benokundileka ethile ngaphezulu kwe 0.996 (okanye zero brix okanye ngaphantsi) kunye nemali efunekayo zotywala langoku, igwele yagqitywa nge phambi yiswekile intsalela. Kodwa ukuba iziphumo imilinganiselo musa ukutshintsha kwi ezixineneyo eliphakame kakhulu 0.996 (okanye Brix ngaphezulu kwe zero), kwaye inqanaba kotywala kakhulu ngezantsi ubuncinane Kucetyiswa, igwele kungenzeka ukuba uyeke kwaye kufuneka kwakhona.

Xa ubunzulu ethile kusithwa malunga 0.996 okanye ngaphantsi (Brix - ngaphantsi zero kancinci), iwayini olufakiweyo lwabiliswa ku ukoma.

Ukubala ubungakanani ngqo yiswekile utywala okanye ixabiso ngqo kufuneka azinakulinganiswa yokuqala, apho sathathwa phambi kokuqalisa yokubola. Le yipesenti Umxholo utywala ufumaneka phinda umahluko phakathi grammage lokuqala nelokugqibela ka 132.