Ucinezelo - ucinezelo Injini ... - ntoni na?

Ucinezelo - kumiselwa injini ihlala factor. Ivela kule nani ngesidanga banxibe kuxhomekeke kwiindawo motor ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, abaqhubi bazama ukuba bamxhase ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ucinezelo injini - yintoni kwaye kulinganiselwa njani? Kwinqaku namhlanje siya kuzama ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha le nto, size sifunde indlela yokukala ngokwakho.

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Ucinezelo - oku liqondo ubuninzi uxinzelelo lomoya egumbini yokutsha, nto leyo kolu nomzuzu piston e TDC ngexesha stroke ucinezelo. Ubukhulu oku kuxhomekeke iimpawu serviceability injini ukuqina zonke iindlela zayo. Ngamagama alula, i ucinezelo - umlinganiselo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweli injini, oko kukuthi into ephambili nemeko yobume bempilo yakhe.

Kuthetha ntoni njani?

Ukususela inqanaba ubukhulu amaxabiso zixhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezininzi, ezifana:

1. Ukuphelela yokutsha amafutha egumbini.
2. ukusetyenziswa Oil.
3. ukusebenza Lungisa lombhobho. iklasi ucinezelo Low kwandisa umngcipheko ezintathu injini.
4. Lula kokuqala injini. Ukuba ixabiso ungaphantsi kwe ratio ucinezelo eziqhelekileyo, le injini kunzima kakhulu ukwenza, ingakumbi "kubanda."
5. Amandla unit yamandla. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oko kuwa. Inowuthi grade ucinezelo, uphantsi amandla imoto. Ngoko ke, oku kuthetha amandla okuqhuba buthathaka uphawu lunikezelo.

Izizathu ekwehliseni ucinezelo

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili ezibangela ucinezelo ephantsi - i -injini ukuba shushu ngokugqithisileyo. Nokubilisa elide kwi iziqulathi motor kwakhiwa Isipha. Kananjalo zivele Pistons. Recent okubangelwa zokunyibilikiswa okanye atshise kulo. ucinezelo Low (Vaz "yeshumi" usapho kuquka) ibonisa izahlulelo amakhonkco banxibe. Ngenxa yonke le miqondiso amandla ephawulekayo yinkcitho, nokunyusa amafutha.

Kwakhona enye izizathu kuwa ucinezelo kukho isiphene kwinkqubo ixesha. Kulo mzekelo, kukho umngcipheko ophezulu semigudu yayifika. iinkcukacha olunjalo ayikho phantsi ngokubuyiselwa. valve wayitshisa-out kufuneka itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza, okanye lehle ngamandla kunye nokwanda amafutha akayi ayeke.

Phela, omnye kwemithambo ebangela nokudinwa, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo kuwa ucinezelo akufanelekanga hlengahlengiso zabo. Ukuba phakathi kwabo abanazo umsantsa oluyimfuneko thermal, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuthetha malunga fault kakhulu kwinkqubo lonikezelo. Kulo mzekelo, kwemithambo iya kuvalwa ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa kukho umsantsa omkhulu kananjalo naxa ingumbandela ozaliswe ziziphumo yaso. Umzekelo, oku kungabangela ukungabikho ivelufa lokuvula. Ngenxa yoko, lo mbhalo ufumana umoya ngaphantsi. Ngenxa yoko - kunkqonkqozwa kwi-inshorensi nesivalo.

Ufike kakhulu ngenxa ucinezelo kunye nokudinwa intloko cylinder gasket. Kulo meko, irhasi zeemoto akayi kuhamba nge muffler kunye zeemoto ubuninzi, kwaye umgca ngqo okanye yeoli kwinkqubo injini olupholisa.

Yintoni enye umbonise ukuba umlinganiselo ucinezelo eliphantsi? Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba loo ucinezelo ilahlekileyo, - ukonakala kweendlela amakhonkco piston kunye neendonga njengesilinda ukuphuhlisa. Apha ingxaki ngakumbi ephelekwa ukwanda kokusetyenziswa zeoli nepetroli.

Isimanga, kodwa lokucoca umoya kunokubangela ucinezelo eliphantsi. Into yokuba element ugcwale akavumeli umoya angene njengesilinda. Ngenxa yoko, umxube ezinqinileyo kakhulu ukusekwa, Phantse mahala kwe-oksijini. Kwezinye iindlela zokusebenza iqhelekile, kodwa xa zamafutha ezixutywe yobuninzi lonke ixesha, kukho isizathu ukuba ningankwantyi.

Isizathu lokugqibela wokuhla ucinezelo - sibange intloko njengesilinda. Amaxesha amaninzi, oko kwenzeka ngenxa injini nobushushu. Kodwa xa ucinga akunanto yakwenza olukumgangatho ophantsi iikawusi ucinezelo na iibhulorho izifeleyo neqwengiweyo, ucinezelo apha. Kunoko, bekukho sindisa Ezomva isithuthi, hayi ngaphezulu.

Yintoni na le injini ucinezelo eqhelekileyo?

Yintoni na - yinkolelo ucinezelo - esele safumana. Ngoku kancinane malunga amanani. kuyo Kodwa kuqala kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eli nani umiselwe injini ngasinye ngokwahlukeneyo, abenzi zabo. ixabiso ucinezelo obububo eboniswe imiyalelo yokusebenzisa isithuthi sakho. Kuba injini ipetroli, esi salathisi kufuneka ukutshatisa umyalelo 9.5-10.5 umoya. Ucinezelo VAZ'ov "yeshumi" usapho kancinci eliphezulu - 11 ATM. Iinjini idizili, umyinge wokuphelelwa ratio ucinezelo uvela umoya 28 ukuya 32. Kulo Umahluko phakathi iisilinda kufuneka mayingagqithi 0.5-1 ATM zepetroli 2.5-3 ATM izityalo ngamandla diesel. Ezi kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo iikawusi ucinezelo zibangelwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ucinezelo amafutha. Ukuba olingene yokuvutha kwangaphakathi injini, kuba ikhanyisa uncedwa ube yintlantsi, ngoko ke diesels le zixinaniswe. Ngenxa yoko, loo ucinezelo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kwenza diesel ixesha elide ngakumbi kwaye banxibe ezingatshiyo. Practice lubonise ukuba xa ephezulu umlinganiselo mveliso ucinezelo, injini enamandla ngakumbi nenoqoqosho.

Iingcali zithi umlinganiselo ucinezelo zinokwahluka, nangona imeko ngcembe zobugcisa injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa umahluko iimeko, apho imilinganiselo kwenziwa.

Kukho izinto ezininzi apho ezibangelwa umlinganiselo ucinezelo kunokuxhomekeka:

1. Umthamo komoya okungena iziqulathi.
2. lobushushu injini.
3. sokuquqa ujikelezo crankshaft.

Kuyimfuneko kwakhona ukuveza ukuba ioli viscous mayifakwe kwi iindonga lombhobho nayo inegalelo yokunyuka kwexabiso ratio ucinezelo. Le nto ke yathi ngenxa yokuba umsantsa itywina phakathi kwezakhi ukukhwela. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, lo ucinezelo lincitshiswe ngenxa isixa ngokugqithiseleyo zepetroli okungena kwigumbi yokutsha.

Musa ukuphaphazela kwaye bayazibuza ukuba mileage imoto - 200-250 ophosa, yaye ufundo yomlinganiselo zinkulu kakhulu (umz, umoya-10 kwindawo ipetroli injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi). Isizathu sokuba oku kube nokwanda lamanqanaba zamafu uthuthu lweziko kwimiba yokutsha gumbi. Njengoko ukwenyuka kwezi iidipozithi uhle umthamo kwigumbi yokutsha ngokwayo, kwaye oku kukhokelela kwiziphumo zicamango ezinjalo.

Kwezinye iimeko, umlinganiselo ucinezelo inyuswe?

Ukongeza kwezi zinto, isalathisi ukuze ukwandisa ngenxa yokuba:

• Ubukho yamafutha kwigumbi yokutsha.
• lobushushu injini High.
• umcephe wokunyusa ngokupheleleyo.

abaqhubi beemoto abanamava bathi xa yokulinganisa ucinezelo kuyimfuneko ukuze anikele ingqalelo kwizinto ezintathu kuphela: iqondo lobushushu injini, amafutha kunye nesikhundla umcephe wokunyusa.

Kufanele njani imilinganiselo?

Abaqhubi bathi ukulinganisa iqondo ucinezelo efunekayo zonke 10-40 ophosa, yaye onke amaxabiso abhalwe encwadini. Ngaloo ndlela, uya kusoloko uyazi yintoni karhulumente injini yakho mzuzu. Oku kwenzelwa ukuphepha ezifana iingxaki, njengoko nobushushu kwemithambo-mafutha nokudinwa, Pistons kunye coking.

Ziziphi iimeko kufuneka ukwenza imilinganiselo?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukulandela imigaqo zemilinganiselo zesi salathisi, kuba kuchaphazela ukuchana womlinganiselo, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, ubomi ngakumbi "intliziyo" horse lwakho ndilwenza isinyithi. Ngoko ke, xa besebenza ucinezelo kubalulekile ukuba banikele ingqalelo kule ngongoma zilandelayo:

• lobushushu injini. Sokulinganisa motor ukuba yothani, kwaye iqondo ukutshintshatshintsha phakathi 40-60 degrees Celsius.
• Unikezelo amafutha kufuneka kumsindo.
• ibhetri. ombane wayo kufuneka ibe ezili-12 kwaye hayi ngaphezulu kwe-14 volts.
• ukufuma Low. Ayikhuthazwa ukwenza imilinganiselo kwimozulu lemvula.
• Phambi yokulinganisa Jija onke amakhandlela zonke isayizi.
• Vala i ucinezelo.

iindlela ucinezelo womlinganiselo

Phambi kokuba uqale, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba ifowuni ngenene (ucinezelo) lungena ukuba injini yemoto yakho. Kusekwe izithuthi model abe incam encinane, ngoko ke kunzima ukuba usebenzise phezu powerplants vana-16.

Umlinganiselo ucinezelo kunokuba apha umcephe evulekileyo ezivaliweyo. Iingcali Siyaleza ukwenza umlinganiselo kuzo zombini ezi meko. Oku kuya kumisela tyala kwi injini (ukuba ikhona) kunye ngqo olungaphezulu.

Kwimeko Ukuba izinga kulinganiswa inyuswe okanye ihliswe, kuyenzeka ukuba wenze isifo - injini yakho alusebenzi kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba kukho ukwahluka encinane zentsulungeko iziqulathi, esibe okhankanywe ngaphambili.

Ukuze senze umlinganiselo echanileyo, kufuneka nomncedisi. Ngoko ke, ukuqala phi ukusebenza? Kufuneka kuqala ucofe ucinezelo gauge ukuya umngxuma lombhobho, oko kukuthi, apho kuwe, basonta uboya amakhandlela. Ngeli xesha, i umncedisi sibandakanya starter. Le yokugqibela kufuneka kuhlala malunga 4-6 kwimizuzwana. Okulandelayo kwi yepresha ibonisa ukubaluleka - kufuneka ukubhala.

Emva kokuba umlinganiselo zixinaniswe kumatanki enye ukuya yokupasa elilandelayo. Ikhangelwe ngendlela efanayo. zazo ezinjalo kufuneka yayiphindwa zonke isayizi. Ngaloo ixabiso ngalinye eyahlukileyo kubhaliweyo encwadini. Desirably, imveliso ngokomlinganiselo ombane battery wamnika 13-13.5 volts. Oku kuya kuthi yenze unikezelo ekunokuqalwa, njengokuba nayo yonke ujikeleziso starter isigxina ibhetri yesibini kusithwa kwinqanaba elithile.

Zakuba zigqityiwe ukuzaliswa, kufuneka uzifakelele yintlantsi umva nokuphinda khangela ombane bebhetri. Xa kufuneka uyitshaje yona ukuba ibe volts ezimbalwa.

iingcebiso ezakhayo

Ukuze ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi ukugqiba imeko yangoku injini akufuneki ukuba uxhomekeke kuphela yokusebenza ucinezelo elilinganisiweyo, kodwa iqela nezinye iimpawu. Kusenokwenzeka inqanaba lokungcangcazela, ingxolo, ukuhla ekusebenzeni ngamandla le-mafutha iduma, ukusetyenziswa oyile kunye namafutha.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke ndicinge ukuba ucinezelo kufuneka ibe yintoni kwaye lungabaleka njani. Izalathi kwi sixhobo ngokuchanileyo ukuchonga imeko lwangaphakathi injini, ubomi eseleyo kunye iimpazamo yangoku. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba awunayo ucinezelo, injini enjalo oyakuphathwa gadalala ukuhlolwa eneenkcukacha kunye nokulungiswa. Kungenjalo, emva kokuba isibini ophosa, uya kubatshabalalisa ngokwakhe, yaye akukho ulungiso ezinkulu unako ukumsindisa.