Uhlalutyo jikelele kwezalathisi igazi: izinga abantwana nabantu abadala

Xa umntu uthe wabheka ugqirha ukuba ngaba unayo nayiphi na iimpawu, ugqirha unikela uphando mandatory. Zalisa wegazi nje yinxalenye yoluhlu lwe ezi nkqubo. Ngapha koko, ngokutsho ugqirha yophando Ungafumana ulwazi malunga imeko yoluntu ngokubanzi. Nkqu professional onamava akakwazi kakuhle ukuxilonga isigulane kuphela ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo igazi, kodwa oku kubonisa oko ulwalathiso ukuhamba.

Ukulungiselela umnikelo igazi ukuba uhlalutyo

Iziphumo zophononongo banikwa ulwazi ubuninzi malunga imeko yempilo yomguli, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela kuyo. Kukho uhlalutyo ezithile jikelele parameters igazi. Udidi lwedata yahlukile kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Ngokusekelwe kwi-manani xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo data nomonde, ugqirha uya kugqiba enoba kukho ukutenxa kule mimiselo eyamkelweyo jikelele. Ukuze ukuba ukuzigqwetha kwiziphumo zohlalutyo, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekubeni ekuxilongweni, uthathe iziyobisi kunye notywala obandulela ukwenziwa ngokunika igazi inqweneleka kakhulu. Kukho ezinye iikhrayitheriya ukulungiselela ukunikezelwa ngenxa yophando eziphathekayo, apha ke ezona ziphambili:

1. Yegazi iyathathwa njengesigulane kusasa ungatyanga. Kukhethwa iSidlo ukutya olunamafutha okanye zinongiwe. Watshaya okanye eyakhiwe contraindicated.
2. Zokusela iziselo ezinxilisayo akuvumelekanga malunga ngosuku phambi umnikelo.
3. Ngaba akunqwenelekile kakhulu ukuphululwa eyimfuneko ukutshaya, ukusela ikofu neti, njengoko konke oku ichaphazele uhlalutyo jikelele yemida igazi, izinga leyo iya kukhwelela kude ezifanayo. Kwangoko phambi kokuba kulingwa ingaba amanzi elula okusela ngaphandle gas.
4. Phambi kokuba inkqubo, ukuqokelelwa igazi enqwenelekayo ukuba nexhala. Ukuba ixesha elide ukuya kwinqanaba delivery, kufuneka ufumane aphumle.
5. Kabi kungaba nefuthe kwiziphumo zovavanyo kwegazi jikelele, izinga le datha kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi, naluphi na uqeqesho ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nezemidlalo, i-X-ray.
6. Thatha iyeza akufuneki, kodwa kwimeko imfuneko likaxakeka ukuba wayelumkisile ngale umncedisi elebhu, ukuthatha iisampulu igazi.

Yiyiphi indlela wenziwa isampuli igazi kwizigulane?

Elabhoratri, nto leyo ijongene iimvavanyo wayethuma kumele kwenziwe zonke zazo unyango kubola kunye nokhathalelo, kuquka izakhiwo kvartsevanie. Clinical okanye epheleleyo wegazi (umntwana eqhelekileyo umntu omdala yahlukile) kwenziwa nokufumana ukususela emthanjeni okanye umnwe. Laboratory kufuneka zisebenze iiglavu wawuqalekisa elahlwayo. Ukuze benze oku, kufuneka ziphathwe nesisombululo enesiqulatho ethanol ethile.

Uhlalutyo igazi ukusuka ring emnweni wenza usebenzisa isixhobo okhethekileyo - scarifier. kwilebhu yezonyango ukuhlatywa umnwe, ngoko emva kokuba imbonakalo yotslao legazi kuzisa sokukhetha umbala ekhethekileyo zokuhlatywa yaye eziphathekayo eziqokelelwe kwisikhongozeli zimile ityhubhu. igazi lwemithambo kuthathwa nge isirinji okanye inkqubo ezincamathelayo ingqokelela igazi, eziquka itankana inaliti kunye kwimibhobho ngombala owahlukileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba athathe isampuli yegazi yaye kamva afumane uhlalutyo igazi jikelele japan kabani norm kudala ichazwa ngokwezonyango wasebenzisa itanki emoyeni kunye nezongezelelo Violet. inkqubo ezincamathelayo ekudleni kakhulu isirinji Kukhethwa ludlolo, njengokuba:

1. Igazi athathwa isigulana zamagumbi elikhuselekileyo, ngokuba akukho ukudibana ngqo kunye eziphathekayo.
2. corpuscles igazi, equka igazi, akaqhotyoshelwanga zonakaliswe kukudibana ioksijini, kuba nalo le nkqubo ngayo emsebenzini.

Ithathwe ngeendlela igazi izigulane kuvavanywa:

1. level mpilo.
2. Guquka ESR.
3. Ukubala inani leeseli zegazi egazini usebenzisa ngemicroscope, kunye nabanye.

Ngenjongo yokuhlaziya

Yintoni na ulawulo lovavanyo kwegazi jikelele apho? Le saveyi uchaza Ipharamitha kakubani umntu ukuthetha ngesimo sakhe nezifo izityholo. Ngokutsho iziphumo kuvavanywa:

1. Inani iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.
2. Athwala - imali into equlethwe iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye zinoxanduva intshukumo oksijini evela nemiphunga onke amaziko oluntu.
3. Inani iiseli ezimhlophe egazini ixhomekeke ifomula ezikhethekileyo leukocytes. Lomqulu umzimba, ukwandisa amanani abo - ubungqina komtshiso oko.
4. Zegazi - iipleyiti, athi abenoxanduva ekunqandeni igazi, xa zonakele izitya.
5. Hematocrit - kwenkcazo umlinganiselo iiseli yegazi plasma.
6. Izinga Intlenge iiseli ezibomvu (erythrocytes). Xa a epheleleyo segazi, izinga ESR ilinganiswa isantya ukuwa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi emazantsi etankini, ezi data ukuvumela ukuba sihlaziye ezinye iimpawu igazi.

Uhlalutyo lwezonyango igazi. yombhalo

Ukuqonda ukubaluleka uxilongo kwezifo ze data lingaba khona ngugqirha kuphela. Akuyi kusoloko izalathi si zokunikwa yegazi iyonke, izinga ezi data icebisa ukuba umntu siphilile, ijaji yaloo kunokuba specialist kuphela. Kodwa ezinye inkcukacha, indoda mihla nangoku linyanzelekile ukuba lahla. Cinga kabanzi into abamele.

athwala

Le neprothini ephambili wokuphefumla ezifumaneka iiseli ezibomvu egazini, nguye lowo ephethe ioksijini imizimba yabantu. Inxalenye ephambili - yentsimbi wadibana erythrocytes emiphungeni, oko ixutywe mpilo kunye uhamba ancedisana amalungu omzimba. neqondo eliphantsi mpilo - na anaemia, nto leyo ebangela ukuba yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini umzimba. A index ephezulu ibonisa ukuba umzimba ngamanzi. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu zonke iparameters wegazi. inqanaba athwala lebakala elithile:

- ngabantu: 132-153 g / l;

- abafazi: 119-141 g / l;

- neonates: 211-216 g / l;

- abantwana ukuya kunyaka: 126-128 g / l;

- ezindala ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-2: 117-133 g / l.

protein

It is a umlinganiselo emzimbeni wayo, oko kukuthi - linani lilonke protein equlathwe serum. Kubalulekile ukuba kube kwi kwiproteni igazi Ucazululo ngokupheleleyo. Protein (eqhelekileyo, ukwanda, ukuncipha) - i parameters elebhu ubalulekileyo apho ukwazi ukubona:

1. Flow kunye viscosity negazi.
2. Umthamo wegazi.
3. Thatha inxaxheba immune.
4. ulwelo lokunqumisa igazi, kunye nabanye.

protein ephakamileyo egazini kuba ngaphantsi eqhelekileyo kunokuncipha. Eli nani uyakwazi ukuthetha malunga nezifo ezosulelayo, kohlobo, ukuqina kwesibindi, kunye nabanye. Iiproteins Ukwehlisa bandiqumbise ukopha ezingapheliyo, nangokurhala, ifiva, ubuthi, kunye nabanye.

Ukuzimisela protein yoxinaniso plasma - yinto uvavanyo ebalulekileyo igazi. protein Iyonke, izinga elo linani avareji uyohluka ubudala: abadala - 64-85 g / l; baby - 45-80 g / l. Abantu abaqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba ngamachiza ezinto eziphilayo.

erythrocytes

Le oksijini zithiwa umzimba womntu, ukongeza, icarbon dioxide erythrocytes onomzi. index Low kukhokelela ukuvela anemias ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye zisenze kunokukhokelela thrombosis. Ukwandisa iiseli ezibomvu gazi ngenxa zomzimba ngezifo. Kwimeko yokuqala, ilungeniselo iiseli ezibomvu ezingenzeka ngethuba umthambo, ukubila ngokugqithiseleyo, nokuphazamiseka emoyeni. A polycythemia yezifo isenokubonisa negazi ezifana nesifo Vakeza. Ngaphezu koko, ezi data ingaveza isifo sentliziyo, isifo semiphunga esinganyangekiyo, kunye nabanye. Kubalulekile kakhulu uxilongo zichanekile kusekwangoko isifo, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuchonga inani iiseli ezibomvu, benza ICBC. umntwana kunye norm omdala yahlukile enye kwenye. Inani iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ngabantu - 4,01-5,07 * 10 kumlinganiselo yeshumi / l; abafazi - 3,7-4,6 * 10 kumlinganiselo yeshumi / l; kubantwana kuka 2 Malunga neminyaka eli-10 4.1 * isidanga-12 / l.

hematocrit

Igazi - umxube candelo ulwelo lo, ngamanye lo plasma kunye neeseli. Le ratio lo hematocrit. Eli nani kubonakaliswa njengepesenti, umzekelo, izinga hematocrit:

- ngokuba besifazane - 34-45% (oko kuthetha ukuba inani iiseli ezibomvu - 38-49%);

- abantu - 37-49%.

hematocrit Ukwanda kwenzeka nge emzimbeni. Ukuncipha yale index libonisa anemia kunokwenzeka.

izinga Intlenge erythrocytes ukuya emazantsi tube

Uhlalutyo igazi epheleleyo - ESR yesiqhelo - inani leyo isixelela ngendlela nkqi yegazi isasazwa ibe plasma kunye umaleko osezantsi. Ngaphambili, enye ungayiqondiyo - ESR. Gqibezela count igazi (ESR), neentlenge izinga erythrocyte basabela njani kwakhona eyahlukileyo abantwana kunye nabantu abadala, ezifana kuba Kubantu 2-8 mm 1 iyure abantwana - 2-12 mm / h. Ubukho iziphawuli ephakamileyo lubonisa ukudumba umzimba, yityhefu, izifo. Izinga elala Low sesalathiso kungenziwa ezinxulumene yindlala, ukulahlekelwa kwemisipha mass kunye nabanye.

yibilirubin

Kuba eqhelekileyo yokusebenza umzimba womntu kufuna amacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye neevithamini, nto leyo ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo cha phakela kuphela xa udibene nomoya. Umntu ufuna ukutya, kunye nayo, yaye ufumana uninzi izondlo, kuquka isinyithi. Ukuba ukungabikho kwalo exchange candelo okanye ayanelanga ngawo umzimba kunokukhokelela senyongo syndrome - oku iimpawu eziphambili yibilirubin overvalued egazini. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi. yibilirubin Iyonke (, umyinge oqhelekileyo ephakamileyo okanye lincitshiswe) ndibatyhilele ngezifo ngezifo ezahlukeneyo. Le sakhi, eyinxenye ye inyongo idubule kanye nayo.

Ayizizo zonke iintlobo senyongo - a ngezifo, umzekelo, izinga yibilirubin lweentsana zabaxwa, kodwa yimeko nje ukusebenza komzimba, uya kudlula leyo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngokwalo. Kodwa ke, ukuba akukho nto iye yatshintsha ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa, kufuneka uvavanyo engxamisekileyo igazi: iyonke yibilirubin. ixabiso Eqhelekileyo okanye eliphezulu - olu hlalutyo luza kubonisa. Xa unyango olungxamisekileyo isalathisi non-nganye ezinga malungu abantu kuyimfuneko.

ilebhu nganye iimvavanyo data babe nemilinganiselo zabo, ukuze abe zalathisi eziqhelekileyo ezahlukeneyo ukubala buciko. Kule meko, zokucazulula iziphumo ikhutshwa phandle phezu kwimigangatho kwangaphambili.