Ukubona Amehlo: iimpawu, izinto, isifo kwaye afumane unyango

Ukubona eye - ongaboniyo. Ukujolisa umfanekiso kule ngezifo kwenzeka hayi kwi retina, kodwa phambi kwayo. Ngenxa yoko umntu ubona izinto ezikude ifiphale kwaye olungaqondakaliyo, nangona izinto ezikufutshane, iyahluka kakuhle. Hi ndlela leyi, in Russian ekuthiwa ukubona kunye myopic kodwa.

Namhlanje sijonga oonobangela ukubona, ngokunjalo iindlela zonyango kunye nokuthintelwa kwesi sifo.

Izinto ezibangela ukubona

Le pathology kuchaziwe, ngokutsho iingcali ezininzi, sisifo njengelifa. ubungqina lwezenzululwazi ubonisa ukuba ukubona iliso ebantwaneni inxulumene ngqo kurhulumente abazali babo. Ukuba umama kunye notata ukubona, ingozi yokuba esi sifo umntwana malunga ne-50%! Ukuba abazali umbono eqhelekileyo, oko kuncitshiswa kwi-10%.

• indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso ukubona umdlalo kunye nomthwalo omkhulu ezibonwayo. Ngoko ke, kukho ubungqina bokuba ngezifo iqhelekileyo ikhula abafundi kunye nabafundi, okt abo umthwalo iliso kangangoko kunokwenzeka lomelele.
• Kubalulekile ukulungisa umbono - ekukhethweni lokuqala lens kufuneka ube ngqo ekumiseleni imbono yomguli ngayo amandla ukuphelisa ukubona lobuxoki.
• ukutya elingafanelekanga kwakhona negalelo kuphuhliso ukubona. Ukuba ukudla ngowona uphantsi iivithamini kunye nezinto umkhondo, uthambise ancedisana ezakha sclera, ngenene ingenzeka of ukubona kwandisa amaxesha amaninzi.
• nokuphazamiseka yegazi iso kunye kukhokelela kuphuhliso ukubona.

Iimpawu ukubona

Njengoko sele Waqonda, ngumqondiso ophambili womntu ohlaselwe ukubona kukunciphisa umfanekiso icaca xa ujonga izinto ezikude. Umntu uzama ukwenza umfanekiso ecacileyo, squinted, amehlo akhe, kodwa izinto ekufuphi, ukuze isigulane ubona kakuhle. Ngaphandle uphawu ibalulekileyo ukubona luphawulwa uhlobo iliso kunye yintloko.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, Iimpawu zokuqala utshintsho aqalile kuvela umntwana basixhenxe - eneminyaka elishumi. Hi ndlela leyi, ukubona iliso inkqubela abafazi engama-20 kunye namadoda - up to 22 Kwaye ngoko ke umbono iye yazinza, kunjalo, kwaye maxa wambi zimbi.

ukubona

Iingcali, ophthalmologists ezi manqanaba mathathu ukubona:

1. amehlo ukubona Mild esisigxina ukuba umbono uhlala kwinqanaba diopters ezintathu.
2. Umyinge degree - ukuba amanqanaba ekuweni diopters ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu.
3. Oku ebonakala iqondo eliphezulu ukonakala diopters ngaphezu ezintandathu.

Kuxhomekeka ikhosi lwezonyango, ukubona inokuba esiqhubekayo okanye zokubhala. Kwimeko yokuqala ekhathaza sifo, nto leyo ifuna ukwanda yonyaka omnye diopter lens amandla. Oku, kungakhokelela kubunzima ezinzulu, ukuba nesiphene-free, efuna ungenelelo yotyando.

Zokubhala (ukubona non-inkqubela) - ephula refraction (refraction zokukhanya inkqubo amalungu). Oku kufuna kuphela uhlenga-hlengiso ngayo kwaye akukho mfuneko unyango.

Ngenxa yoko kwenzeka ukubona iliso

Ngokutsho kweengcali, ezi mpawu zixelwe esi sifo zinxulunyaniswa ubuthathaka yokuhlala. Ngoko wabiza iliso zonyango zokunganyangeki features ukukwazi ukutshintsha ngenxa entsa izinto ezihleli imigama ezahlukeneyo. Indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso ngezifo kuthethwa naye wadlala ukuhlangabezana overvoltage (njengoko kumiselwe ukukwazi ukuphawula ngoku injongo yee-asi olubonakalayo yamehlo).

Ukubona iliso uvutha ubukhulu becala nomva ukugogeka iliso ezenzeka emva kokuba ekuyekeni ekukhuleni kwayo. Le imimoya kudale utshintsho kubume yokwakheka iso. A isiphumo engamandla kwi kwinkcazelo ukuphazamiseka semehlo, kwakunye uvea. Akhokelela boqobo utshintsho ukubona fundus. Ukolula lidla sihambisana ubu encinane nemithambo kunye kucel 'apha kule vitreous, kunye retina. A resorption kade of hemorrhages na turbidity kwi vitreous.

Ukulungiswa kwe ukubona eliphantsi

ukubona Mild emehlweni zombini (3 diopters) amayeza ithathwa ngokuba isifo sabakho, ngokukodwa umbono. Le ngezifo ngelo xesha ngoku, ngelishwa, eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Kodwa ekubeni nako inkqubela, ukutshintsha udidi lwembono angena kubethwa ngoyaba.

ukubona amandla aphathwe ngendlela ukulungiswa. Iindondo Imposiso echanekileyo zokunganyangeki, leyo bawaphikise buthathaka umbono. Kuba ukusebenzisa ulungiso diffusing neglasi. Hi ndlela leyi, becela ukuba ukunxiba, ukuba kuyimfuneko, njengoko rhoqo enxibe kungadala yokuhlala overvoltage kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukonakala umbono.

Xa kunikwa amanqaku ngokuqinisekileyo uziqaphele iqondo ukubona. Ngoko ke, ukuze kungabikho iimpazamo ukubona lobuxoki, abantwana nabo bakwishumi elivisayo atropine ufakwa emehlweni, kwaye kwimeko ukucuthwa izihlunu ciliary ukuqinisekisa acuity olubonakalayo.

Ukongezelela ulungiso mbono, sebenzisa ezikhethekileyo imithambo kuba amehlo, kwakunye namachiza ukuba akhulule ziba izihlunu iliso. Kwakhona kubalulekile kunye nokomelezwa lulonke umzimba, oko iba nefuthe kuyingenelo kwi imeko yoluntu, ngoko ke imbono yakhe: ukuqubha, ukuyifundisa yokuthanjiswa, njl Kwakhona nokutya okusempilweni kuya kunceda kule mpi.

utyando zokunganyangeki for ukubona buthathaka

A indlela ephumelelayo kakhulu zonyango lwe ukubona LASIK degree okuncinane umsebenzi nto leyo ithetha ukusetyenziswa laser ukulungisa siphene kwenwebu. Le ukulungiswa ivumela ukukhanya ukuba baqwalasele kwiretina kunye nombono uba eqhelekileyo.

Amehlo ukubona ngokulinganisela

Le iqondo ukubona - up to diopters 6. izigulane ezinjalo kufuneka asebenzise, njengoko umthetho, ngambini kuzo iindondo. One - ukunika (ukulungisa epheleleyo) kunye nezinye - (1-3 diopter ngaphantsi) ukulungiselela ukufunda okanye ukusebenza. Kodwa ke kule meko isicelo kunye bifocals ukuguga oluqhubekayo. Bona phezulu glasi ilungiselelwe ukujonga izinto ezikude, ephantsi - esibathandayo.

Njengoko ukubona ababuthathaka, wononophelo of ukubona nga inkqubela. Kwaye ukuphepha ukuba isigulane wanikela uqhaqho. Akunamsebenzi ukuphucula umbono, kodwa Kumiswe ukonakala yayo kuphela. Le ndlela kuthiwa scleroplasty. Kuyanceda ukwandisa inani kwimikhumbi, ngenxa yoko, ukuphucula ngomva kwipali yobonelelo iliso, nto leyo ekhokelela nokuzinziswa isigulane.