Umntwana kunye ASD: awohluke zophuhliso kwengqondo

Phantsi iingxaki Autism Spectrum (PAC), okanye Autism ithetha ukuphazamiseka kuphuhliso central system luvo. ASD ingabonwa esemncinane, kuba iimpawu zayo kakhulu ezithile.

Le umyalezo autism

Kude kube ngoku, uhlobo ngqo imbonakalo PAC akukaqondwa kakuhle. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba indima enkulu ukwenzeka yofuzo idlala. Oku kubonakaliswa ukuba ekudibaneni kwemichiza kwi ingqondo autistic uqhubeke kancinane ngokwahlukileyo kunabanye. iziphumo ezahlukeneyo elibi kwixesha siswini ukukhala uphuhliso beentlanga, kodwa ubungqina bokuba kuyo ngokwenzululwazi.

ASD symptomatology

Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba iimpawu zokuqala autism kuthathwa umntwana ukuya nyaka, kodwa akukho ukuvumelana, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba lisithathe babe iimpawu disorder autistic. Iimpawu ezininzi eqaphelekayo abantwana abane ASD emva konyaka. Ezi zilandelayo iimpawu ukuba sele kuthathwa umntwana, abazali baye bakwazi ngexesha ukubona specialist:

• umntwana modem ukubonakala kamama wam, ayisazi abantu wayesazi, ukuba ngewamkelekile;
• kunzima ibele;
• itakane kunzima kakhulu ukuseka emehlweni: kubonakala ngathi "ngokusebenzisa 'abantu;
• abantwana abane ASD besoyika kuzo naziphi na izixhobo enengxolo ezifana cleaner cleaner;
• Kids zisoloko zineengxaki bubuthongo; ke Vuka, amehlo abo zivulekile, kodwa musa ukulala, kwaye abangenazigqibo;
• xa uzama ukuba aba bantwana wamamkelela ezingalweni zakhe, abasafunda ukuhamba uqala emuva yakho arch ukuze kube nzima ukuba cinezela ukuba esifubeni sakhe.

Zonke ezi mpawu angenzeka umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka kweenyanga ezi-3, kodwa akukho ugqirha uza kufaka kweli phakade kwafunyaniswa ukuba "Autism" kuba baninzi kwi inkqubo lokusekwa ulawulo imini, umsebenzi kwengqondo. Xa ubudala akhulileyo usana kuvela imiqondiso ivamile kwaye izicacele ASD:

• motion ukuphindaphinda;
• ukungabikho nomdla wabantu emhlabeni, nzima ukunxibelelana nabanye;
• xa kukho utshintsho ndithanda, umntwana luvalo ethukile kunene;
• kids ayifiki belola izakhono self-nkonzo;
• umntwana ukuba zidlala imidlalo sebali-nxaxheba-idlala;
• ixesha elide cwaka na indawo uphindaphindo mdla izandi okanye amagama.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuziphatha oselula autistic yinto eqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo, abaziva waziva. abazali Autism bavame iphutha ukuba ingxaki ukuva, kuba isizathu kwi ingcali isikhalazo yokuva ilahleko okanye urhano yokungeva ngeendlebe. Njengoko imbono enxulumene zizandi kwaye Autism?

Abazali erhaneleka ukuba ukunciphisa izakhono ukuva ngenxa yokuba lo mntwana akaphenduli xa igama lakhe, akukho usabela ngayo izandi elikhulu. Enyanisweni, akukho iingxaki nabantwana ukuva musa nje siphile kwihlabathi zabo kwaye musa acinge kuyimfuneko ukuphendula kwizinto angaphandle kwinqanaba, bade baqalise ukuba ukungakhululeki kid.

Ukubonakaliswa ASD ebudaleni pre-school

Uphuhliso lwabantwana abane ASD yahlukile kwezinye guys. Egcine ukunyhashwa kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:

• Communications. Abantwana uncommunicative kakhulu, akukho uncamathiselo kwi usapho kunye nabahlobo. Musa ukudlala nabanye abantwana, akayithandi umdlalo wakhe ngeenxa ofuna inxaxheba. Abayi enza ntoni xa zifumaneka kunye isicelo okanye umnxeba nje. Imidlalo obungabangeli mdla, nto leyo ilawulwa ngezenzo ukungaphangalali, kukhethwa izinto non-umdlalo (amatye, izinti, amaqhosha), kunye nemisebenzi ozithandayo kulo mdlalo zingakotshwa baphalaza isanti, igazi namanzi. Ewe, bangathatha inxaxheba kule midlalo kunye nabantwana babo, kodwa kube nzima ukuqonda imithetho, musa baqhutywe ziimvakalelo musa ukuqonda iimvakalelo zabanye abantwana. Kakade ke, le ndlela yokuziphatha nangakuthandiyo, ngoko ukuba kukho self-kwamathandabuzo. Ngoko ke, aba bantwana bakhetha ukuba abe yedwa.
• Speech sphere. Intsebenziswano noluntu ayikwazi ukunceda kodwa ebonisa kuphuhliso intetho yomntwana. Ngapha koko autistics kancinane musa ukunikela ingqalelo kwintetho abadala, intetho ibinzana ababekwe ngayo kwithuba ukususela kwiminyaka kunyaka-1 ukuya ku-3, kodwa ikhumbuza uphawula. Luphawulwa echolalia (uphindaphindo ngokuzenzekelayo abantu). Isizathu rhoqo ukuze yokubonisana unyango kwintetho na mutism umntwana - ukwala ukunxibelelana. A phawu uphawu ntetho kukuba abantwana musa ukusebenzisa isimelabizo "I": bathetha ngayo bebodwa umntu wesibini nowesithathu.

• Motility - waphula isindululo akukho zimpawu kubonisa ASD, kuba abanye lezendlela kuphuhliswa kakuhle, ngoxa abanye lag kakhulu kwisiqhelo. Abantwana ngokungachanekanga ukuqikelela umgama ukuya into, nto leyo inokuba ngunobangela yentlekisa motor. Ngaba ukuhamba phezu tiptoe, ngenxa yeengxaki kunokwenzeka ukudidiyela abantwana yokufunda ubunzima ukuhamba kwizinyuko. Kubekho iingxaki ukusetyenziswa izinto ezincinci, ukungakwazi ukuhamba ngebhayisekili. Kodwa lo ukungakhululeki motor noququzelelo kakuhle zinokudityaniswa kunye nokulingana emangalisayo. Ngenxa yeengxaki kwi kwezihlunu zomlomo imihlathi kubonakala izinkcwe (izinkcwe eliphezulu wengozi).
• Kunyanzelekile ukuba kusoloko ingqalelo iingcali ukuba kuyokufunyaniswa isifo, oko a ingxaki yokuziphatha. Abantwana ukubukela ixesha elide endaweni enye, okanye ukujonga into abathanda izinto njengesiqhelo kwaye akanamdla zokudlala. Kanye xa yonke into kwi kwiindawo njengesiqhelo kubo, wacaphuka gqitha xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle, ngokungathi sebenzisa. Ingaba Ungqabhuko ngesiquphe ndlongo, ukuba kid into ayisebenzi okanye ezilumezayo kuba wayengakwazi ngenye khange lucacise iimvakalelo zabo.
• Oku kuphawula uphuhliso ezilungileyo memory ngomatshini, kodwa ukuqonda abaziintsizana ngokuqulathwe iintsomi, imibongo. Ngokubhekiselele ipropati yengqondo, abanye abantwana autistic babe mide kakhulu ngenxa yobudala bakhe, ubukrelekrele, libe onesiphiwo kwindawo ethile. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngayo aba bantwana bathi "indigo". Kwaye abanye lincitshiswe umsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, inkqubo yokufunda ingaqwalaselwa zabo, kukho kophulwa ingqalelo ingqalelo.

abantwana ehamba nge ASD

Ukuba iziphumo zomntwana survey kwafunyaniswa ukuba "Autism", ngoko ke unalo ithuba lokuya kokuya esikolweni okanye kokuvumelana iqela equkayo enkulisa okanye iqela osembindini isifo-zentlalo ngokwasengqondweni-zokufundisa okanye kokuhlala ngokwamaqela. Ngenxa yokuba umntwana uphethwe i PAC, kunzima ukumisela ukunxibelelana nabanye, oko kulahleka kwindawo ongayazi, kuyimfuneko ukuba kuye waza ezaziza kumnceda ukuba bafundise.

Kubantwana abane ASD enkulisa

Eyona njongo iphambili yale uphuhliso lweenkqubo kubantwana abane ASD epriskuli - yinto nomanyano eluntwini, ukuze babe namalungelo alinganayo kunye nabanye abantwana. Kids ababeze kokuya esikolweni, ngoko kulula kakhulu ukuba nokuchuma nokuhlala kwiimeko ezintsha kwaye bafumane ukunxibelelana nabanye.

Xa kwakusakhiwa umsebenzi yoluleko kunye nabantwana kufuneka usebenzise indlela epheleleyo - yinto zokufundisa, uncedo ngokwengqondo zonyango "autyatam" encinane. Kuphunyezo olunempumelelo lwenkqubo kuyimfuneko ukuseka i uxhulumaniso emphefumlweni kunye nosana. Lo mntwana uyila ukuhlala obutofotofo NgoLwesithathu, ngaphandle ingafikeleleki kuye nokuba maqhube njani ehlabathini.

Dow kwakhona bahlele oonontlalontle iindlela ilungelo ukusebenzisana nabantwana. indawo enkulisa Subject-ukuphuhlisa kufuneka athathe ingqalelo awohluke ekuphuhlisweni amancinci autistic, neminqweno yakhe ukumelana ukunyhashwa zayo ezikhoyo. Kunqweneleka ukuba iziko yaba igumbi oluvo, kuba likuvumela ukuba ukhululeke luvo ochaphazela amalungu ngokoluvo umntwana azive lokhuseleko kunye nenzolo.

Abantwana abane ASD esikolweni

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba enye miba ibalulekileyo kwaye entsonkothileyo ezivelayo phambi abazali bomntwana ezikhethekileyo - ukuba imfundo yakhe ngakumbi. Njengoko ezinjalo izakhiwo zesikolo, ezizodwa abantwana Autism akakho, yonke into iya kuxhomekeka koko isigqibo PMPC: ukuba umntwana ukhubazekile ngengqondo, zingacebisa isikolo uqeqesho 8 th view. Ukuba kukho iingxaki intetho kakhulu, ilizwi yesikolo. Kodwa amaxesha amaninzi aba bantwana bavumelekile ukuba bafunde kwizikolo zikarhulumente eziqhelekileyo.

Abazali abaninzi bafuna umntwana wabo abafundiswa kwiziko sesininzi ngokwasentlaweni ngempumelelo kwixesha elizayo. Ke kaloku, xa uluntu lonke uzama ukuba badibanise abantwana ezizodwa emphakathini, wadala iiklasi ezizodwa kwizikolo zesiqhelo, kodwa aninjalo nonke. Kutheni kunzima ukuqhelana umntwana iimeko zesikolo?

1. Ukungabikho izakhono zootitshala. ootitshala abaninzi nje abazi njani ukujongana nezi bantwana, ngokuba bengamazi zonke nkcukacha zonke PAC. Thina ukusombulula le ngxaki ngokuvusa isiqinisekiso.
2. kuhlale Uninzi eziklasini. umntwana autistic ngubani uyakuphepha unxibelelwano kunzima kakhulu ukufunda kwiimeko ezinjalo.
3. imithetho imihla ngemihla esikolweni - abantwana kufuneka bakuqhele iimeko ezintsha, ukuze amakhwenkwe ukuyenza lula.

Njengoko enkulisa, imisebenzi engundoqo yokufundisa abantwana abane ASD ubuninzi iludibaniso lwayo kuluntu kunye nemfundo eyaneleyo kubudlelwane bakhe noontanga. Kufuneka utitshala kuhlangana umntwana ethile kunye nosapho lwakhe phambi kokuqala konyaka wesikolo ukuba ufunde iimpawu zayo uze umjonge.

Isikolo siya kufuneka ukuphumeza kuphela kwikharityhulam, kodwa sibe yesikolo kunye ASD yokuziphatha ngqo: eklasini ngayo kufuneka indawo esisigxina kunye nendawo apho unako kuphumla. Kufuneka utitshala kwindlela azibona ngayo abantwana sisonke ngokwaneleyo ihlakani abaneemfuno ezizodwa kuphuhliso ngokusebenzisa udliwano ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo luza kuveza umxholo nesazisi.

Aop kubantwana abane ASD

Kakade ke, isiphakamiso kukutyelela ubunzima eziguqulweyo kunye nezikolo akuthethi ukuba iinkqubo emfundo zithathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu zezi bantwana. Ngokuba kubo wanikela kweendlela zemfundo ngamnye, nespelete naphaya inkqubo yezemfundo (aop), apho umxholo woqeqesho kwimo iyatyhilwa. Abasebenzi zokufundisa kuyimfuneko ukuba unyango kwintetho, pathologists intetho kunye iisayikholojisti, kuba indlela esisiseko kwisakhiwo yoluleko.

iinkqubo aguqulelwe abantwana abane ASD ukuthini:

• ukubandakanywa ngokuthe ngcembe abantwana kwinkqubo yokufunda;
• ukudala iimeko ezizodwa;
• ukubonelela ngenkxaso yengqondo-zokufundiswa entsapho;
• ukuyilwa amaxabiso zentlalo nenkcubeko;
• ukhuseleko ngokwasemzimbeni yempilo yengqondo umntwana;
• ekuqinisekiseni Ukwahluka kweeprogram zemfundo kunye nesiqulatho noqeqesho;
• Umdibaniso eliphezulu labafundi abane ASD eluntwini.

Ukuveliswa kweprogram enjalo lula kakhulu inkqubo yokufunda komntwana kunye ASD, kuba xa siqwalasela iimpawu ngenxa yemini yokulungiselela abantwana abanjalo, idala inkqubo yoqeqesho ngamnye. Abafundi autistic akakwazi kufuna wabongamela efanayo koLudwe umbandela, kunye nabanye, idlala i iimeko ebalulekileyo ngokwasengqondweni ndima, okt. A. kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bazive bekhululekile kule ndawo entsha. Aop ivumela abantwana autistic ukufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko kunye nokuzibuyisela eluntwini.

Ukusebenza abantwana ezizodwa

umsebenzi lezoluleko nabantwana abane ASD ibandakanya ukusebenzisana Speech therapist, isayikholojisti, ootitshala kunye nootitshala, kwakunye intsebenziswano esebenzayo kunye nabazali. Kakade ke, shiya aba bantwana bodwa imini yonke kwindawo entsha alikwazi - kufuneka ngokuthe ukwandisa vremyaprebyvanie wayo kwiziko ukunciphisa ixesha phambi kwabazali.

Best zonke, ukuba utitshala aya kuqalisa izifundo okanye ukugqibezela izithethe zayo ezithile, kufuneka asuse zonke izinto eqaqambileyo, oko kunokubangela yokusabela onganambithekiyo umntwana. Ootitshala kufuneka banxibe iithowuni cwaka, kungakuhle ukuba ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa zobulawu. Umntwana kufuneka abe esisigxina indawo zakhe, zonke izinto kufuneka isoloko ndawo. Abathathi-nxaxheba zenkqubo emfundo ukuba alandele ucwangciso ethile. Ahlangane kokubhutyuza evela kwishedyuli okanye inguqu kokusingqongileyo kunokubangela uxinezeleko kubantwana autistic.

izinto Little ibaluleke kakhulu kwimpumelelo ulungiso isiphako le, ngokuyila imvelaphi omhle emphefumlweni umntwana. Eklasini ibaluleke kakhulu ukudala imeko lokuphumelela, ukukhuthazwa njalo, ukukhuthaza, t. To. Le nokwenziwa wokwazi ukuba zihlobene ngokusondeleyo kunye nomdla. Umntwana udinga uncedo xa kuthe ubunzima eklasini ngokuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ukubonakala ezahlukeneyo.

nempembelelo entle ebantwaneni Autism Unomsebenzi elidityanelweyo ngababini. Oku kwenziwa lokuqala uqeqesho, kwaye xa umntwana sele lubekhona kwindawo entsha. Olu hlobo lomsebenzi kuvumela ngempumelelo ngakumbi ukwazisa umntwana eluntwini. Psychologist ilungisa zengqondo elibi umntwana, lisebenzisana kwicala ngokwenene engasebenzi, kuyanceda ukulungelelanisa usana kunye nabazali bakhe. A therapist yokuthetha iye yasuswa mutism, glossophobia kudala izizathu unxibelelwano ukulungisa iziphene intetho. Sezifo ababandakanyekayo ukulungiswa ngokweemvakalelo volitional, kunye nophuhliso imisebenzi eziphezulu engqondweni.

Ukuba umntwana sinesifo "Autism" - oko akuthethi ukuba akakwazi ukuya liziko lemfundo. Kunye nenqubo eyiyo, inkqubo ngamnye ekhethiweyo, umntwana unako ukufumana lonke ulwazi, kwakunye nabanye abantwana.

Tips for abazali babantwana abane ASD

Abazali babantwana abane ASD azisoloko asazi nemasikwenze, ngubani ukubiza, yaye kunzima ukuba kuzalisekiswe ukwamkela into yokuba Autism kid wabo. Ukuze asebenze ngempumelelo ukoyisa i-PAC kuyimfuneko ukuvala umntwana athobele ezi zincomo zilandelayo:

1. Ukubambelela yosuku. Kuyimfuneko ukuba avakalise ukuba siyenzayo ngoku kwaye silandele zonke photos amanyathelo. Ekubeni umntwana kufuneka bakulungele ukuthatha inyathelo.
2. Kufuneka ube kangangoko try kunokwenzeka ukuba zidlale umntwana imidlalo lwentsebenziswano.
3. Ekuqalekeni kufuneka ukhethe imidlalo kunye nemisebenzi, nomdla womntwana, kamva zincediswe izinto ezintsha.
4. Imisebenzi yokudlala kufuneka zibandakanye abantu kokusingqongileyo nangoko umntwana.
5. Isisombululo olungileyo ukugcina kwidayari apho ukurekhoda yonke impumelelo kunye neengxaki ezinokuvela umntwana. Oku kwenziwa ukuze ukubonisa usana specialist.
6. Yiya iiklasi kunye neengcali.
7. Kuba impumelelo nawuphi na umntwana kufuneka kukhuthazwe.
8. Ukukhethwa imisebenzi esekelwe kumgaqo kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo.

Amathuba abantwana abane ASD

Yintoni balindelwe kwi umntwana elizayo ukuba autistic syndrome? Ngokupheleleyo ukoyisa ayikwazi le siphene, unokuba kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuzama ngokulalisa ke ngoko lo buqapheleke ubuncinane. Akukho uqikelelo echanekileyo awukwazi ukunika. konke kuxhomekeke ebukhulwini ukuphazamiseka autistic waza waqalisa ukuba wenziwe umsebenzi remedial kangakanani kungekudala.

Indlela abaziphatha ngayo abantwana abane ASD kakhulu athile, nkqu kunye impumelelo emphakathini uphawu autistic zisekho, uya nje aziyi libizwe. Mhlawumbi akukho mntwana uya kuba nako ukungena ngokupheleleyo eluntwini, kunye nomsebenzi okulungisa ungahambisa kunokuba ngokucothayo. Ingxelo ezichanekileyo akukho, ngoko kufuneka sisoloko sigcine sengqondo esihle, ngenxa yokuba umntwana ASD edinga inkxaso.