Uthungelwano Modern - uqhagamshelwano fast

Imarike ngeengcingo yenye yeendawo ethembisayo kunye ikhula ngokukhawuleza of imboni le. Okwangoku, le nkqubo ngeminxeba usekhondweni uphuhliso olukhawulezayo, ngokubanzi, ukuba sijoliswe kwi-Russian yokungena inkqubo yonxibelelwano ehlabathini njengoko umlingani alinganayo ukubonelela iinkonzo ngamazwe, kudala-umgama, isixeko, data,-intanethi, iselula, njl ..

Yintoni yoQhagamshelwano

Igama elithi "zonxibelelwano" livela la mazwi: communico Latin, elithetha "uhlobo lonxibelelwano," yaye tele lesiGrike, elithetha "wayesenza kumgama enkulu."

Ngoko ke, nathi sithi:

• YoQhagamshelwano - ingqokelela yezixhobo kunye neenkqubo ukuze udlulise ulwazi nge iintambo kunye nerediyo channels. Esi sixhobo ukuguqulwa ulwazi, ukucazulula yayo, kwezwi; Le nobuchwepheshe processing computer phambili.
• izixhobo Telecommunications - iseti yobuchwephesha, isoftware kunye neendlela yombutho yokudluliswa kwedatha imigama emide. yokukhulisa imveliso okuqinileyo-karhulumente asetyenziselwa ukwenza i zidlulisele station satellite.
• Telecommunications - ogunyazisiweyo Centre Service uyakwazi yokudlulisela nokufumana imiyalezo. Abaziingcali ngocingo - abobuchwephesha nabasebenza iinjineli. Bona ikakhulu ukusebenza anekhowudi, iimpawu, ingxolo.
• Telecommunications - lo ukutshintshiselana ulwazi ngoncedo lwekhompyutha. Ulwazi nge imiphantsi yonxibelelwano okanye ubize ngolwazi.
• Telecommunications - yinkqubo yokufumana nokuhoywa ulwazi usebenzisa elektroniki, inethiwekhi, umoya, ubugcisa computer ulwazi.

iindawo nathembisayo ubugcisa ngomnxeba kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo:

1. Yenza uphawu lwe-ikhowudi entsha izakheko ngokusebenzisa ubuchule idibene imiqondiso nokuqhathwa kunye neendlela ezintsha uphawu encoding ukwandisa iinkqubo bandwidth yaye transmission ukuphucula amandla abo.
2. Ukudala izixhobo eriyali smart ngamandla eziphuculiweyo.
3. Ukudalwa kwezixokelelwano nokunxibelelana ngefoni kule ezinga- wave band kunye rhoqo zomsebenzi nama-100 GHz.
4. Uphuhliso iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwephesha kwezixhobo ezonxibelelwano, eqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo ngokupheleleyo njengekhrayitheriya ngokubanzi: iindleko ubuncinane, ubuninzi parameters, ukuthembeka eliphezulu, ubunzima minimum kunye neempawu ubukhulu.
5. Ukwandisa izinga ekuqeqesheni abafundi ngakwicala "yoNxibelelwano", ukwandiswa uphando kunye nophuhliso kweli cala.

A uphawu encoding indlela Technology

Kuba amandla eliphezulu iinkqubo ukusebenzisa iindlela ezintsha ze encoding kunye uphawu kwezwi. Loo uphawu esephepheni ubuchule ukuze kuliwe iimpazamo iimeko uphazamiseko ke, izenzo zinika amandla nzuzo kwinkqubo 6.8 dB, nangona lo umqondiso kwasasazeka omoya. Isebenzisa iikhowudi block: Iikhowudi Hamming, Reed-uSolomon, BCH kunye neekhowudi convolutional umthi. Ukusetyenziswa umdla lwe khowudi kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuba ukuvumela ukuba baqonde yonxantathu awo kwisigaba shift keying yaye ngaloo ndlela afumane ezongezelelweyo inzuzo ikhowudi ukunyusa isantya transmission umqondiso. Kulo mzekelo umjelo bandwidth ukusetyenziswa multi-indawo kwisigaba isalamane shift keying kunye quadrature awo kwisigaba shift keying.

unxibelelwano satellite

nezoqhagamshelwano Satellite ziyasetyenziswa Hewana orbit yokudluliswa iinkqubo zikamabonwakude, kuquka balwamkele ngamnye kunye neqela software data yendlela. Okubalulekileyo kakhulu kwinkqubo ngamazwe INMARSAT satellite zaselwandle yokukhangela, leyo, kananjalo, ifumene commercial ngokubanzi luqhagamshelwano olukhawulezayo navigation besebenzisa inkqubo satellite navigation GPS kwiindawo ezikude, zonxunguphalo, kwakunye iliso kwempahla kwezithuthi. Compact phone satellite ivumela utshintshiselwano lwe data ukusuka naphi na ehlabathini. Kudibaniso ingxolo broadband pseudo umqondiso iiteknoloji ezintsha ziye zaphunyezwa: i-eriyali frequency microstrip, into eqinileyo amandla msindo karhulumente, ijelo lokucoca swimbirhi leswi ku wave umphezulu ive esekelwe germanate bismuth, izihluzi microwave narrowband e resonators Heating, njl ..

Telecommunications kuthetha

Namhlanje, ingakumbi uphuhliso olukhawulezayo iinkqubo zoqhagamshelwano mobile zifumene, inani lwababhalisi leyo kumazwe amaninzi likhulu kune nani lwababhalisi network ezisisigxina. noludumileyo Logama kurhwebo mobile ubamba GSM-900 eqhelekileyo / 180, apho le nkqubo yafikelela umda yogqibelelo ngokusetyenziswa kwe-GPRS kunye EDGE ithekhnoloji. ethembisa kakhulu kufuneka luthathwe inkqubo yonxibelelwano mobile ikhowudi division lamajelo nge ukuba achazayo wabucala kunye nokusebenza amandla. Namhlanje, ukudala 3G inkqubo yonxibelelwano mobile ngokungqinelana nemigangatho kunye MT-2000, ephuhliswe yi-International Telecommunication Union, usebenzisa imilinganiselo ezintathu ngokusekelwe iteknoloji nge: nge OMNYE, nge 2000 no WCDMA. Njengenxalenye umgangatho IMT-2000, imisebenzi indalo satellite kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano mobile lobuqu Orbocomm, Thuraya, Clobal Star, iridium. Nangona ukusebenza lwezorhwebo neendlela engekaphunyezwa ngenxa kwiingxaki ngezimali iiprojekthi kunye neengxaki zobugcisa. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo networking iinkampani kufunyaniswe kakuhle inkqubo kanomathotholo DECT.

inkqubo yokudlulisela Fast uphawu

Ngenxa phambili kwezobugcisa microelectronics, eyenziwayo kunye wasebenzisa yanamhlanje zeselula ikhompyutha-uthungelwano kwezoqhakamshelwano, ezifana Bluetooth, ZigBee, WiMAX, WiFi kunye nabanye. Ekusebenzeni, ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo transmission nezingaqhelekanga, ezo wadala ngokusebenzisa imigaqo eqhelekileyo kunye namacebo zokwakha kunye ezisebenza ngokubakho channel ezahlukeneyo ukudibanisa kuya esihambelanayo amajelo zothumelo. inkqubo yonxibelelwano Hydroacoustic ukunxibelelana phantsi kwamanzi usebenzisa intlokoma cuke kwi-8-20 kHz kumgama km 4. nezoqhagamshelwano laser sebenzisa laser nge ngamaza 1-10 microns, kwaye asetyenziswe kudibaniso isithuba. Ryazan isixhobo ngokwenza yezityalo (Russia) yenziwa isixhobo laser transceiver ngokunika uphawu ukudluliselwa izinga malunga 200 Mbit / umzuzwana phezu kumgama 2-10 km iimeko ezisentlabathini kusetyenziswa umzekelo yokudlulisela ulwazi phakathi kwezikhululo isiseko kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano mobile. Iindlela zonxibelelwano imigudu kunye nokusetyenziswa komhlaba evuzayo (antenna) USB, umz, iinkampani EUPEN kwi frequency kuluhlu 30-1800 MHz. izazinzulu US wasungula ithuba ekudluliseni amaza erediyo gektametrovogo uhla ku izibilini Umhlaba. Kukholelwa ukuba ngexesha yokubekwa transponder kummandla m ukuya kwi-200 ukuba udale unxibelelwano unxibelelwano yokudlulisela isiboniso lwaseNtshona Koloni ziba malunga 500 Hz.