Womchamo, yabo injongo, izakhiwo, izicelo

Womchamo okanye womchamo lula, - ezi zizinto ekhuthaza ukuba kukhuthaza umchamo ukunciphisa umlinganiselo ulwelo equlethwe nemingxuma serous kunye namalaphu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, womchamo zisetyenziswa njengesongezelelo kwi unyango lwezifo zentliziyo, izintso, isibindi, kunye nokudumba. Womchamo yenzelwe nje ukuba ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ngxi, kwaye unyango engundoqo kufuneka asuse inkqubo lwezidumbu, ukumqumbisa sibe ulwelo kwemfuneko emzimbeni.

Eyokuqala iziyobisi umchamo of kahle eliphezulu malunga neminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo, xa isiphumo umchamo lesigidi kwafunyanwa ngengozi, kodwa kunokuba iikhompawundi yayo esetyenziswa unyango negcushuwa. Okwangoku, womchamo imetyhuri engasekho kusetyenziswa ngenxa yetyhefu yayo ephezulu, kodwa ukufunda ezi mali iye wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu ekubumbeni lweengcinga mihla iindlela extrarenal kunye namanyathelo umchamo umchamo.

Kwakhona ngaphambili kusetyenziswa womchamo mercury ugugile, ezo avela xanthine, kuhlanganiswa okwangoku yaye wasebenzisa iintlobo namanye amachiza asebenza ngakumbi: dihlotiazid, tsiklometiazid furosemide (yezabelo benzothiadiazine) Diacarbum (గుర్తులు ibhaloni anhydrase inhibitor), pterofen - triamterene, Leo Allatius (yezabelo of pteridine kunye pyrimidine) et al.

Kwakhona amachiza ukuba silwe nokwanda kolwelo kwemfuneko emzimbeni, womchamo zendalo zisetyenziswa kakhulu (sisityalo) ezifana cowberry kunye bearberry amagqabi, ezahlukeneyo iti sezintso, namaqhina ezinde, iintlawulo womchamo № № 1 no-2, horsetail ngokoma.

Womchamo effect ephambili kukwandisa zinomgutyulo sezintso of ion sodium kunye namanzi. Ngenxa ikhono layo ukuphembelela eseleyo amanzi electrolyte, imvakalozwi nemithambo kunye umthamo wegazi, womchamo idla ngokusetyenziswa bengabameli umfutho. Womchamo babe isenzo ngamandla umchamo ngenxa ukukhawulezisa yesicelo zinomgutyulo buza sezintso kwi unyango komhla ityhefu ezahlukeneyo izinto ngamanzi-emanzini.

Omnye, nto leyo ethatha ingqalelo yonke imiba isenzo womchamo zokuhlela ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ayikho. Zonke womchamo ukuba isakhiwo imichiza eyahlukileyo, ezahlukeneyo ukusuka omnye komnye indlela lizwe labo, amandla, nesantya kuqala ukusebenza, ixesha kunye icala layo neziphumo. Kangangethuba elide ukuhlelwa womchamo yayisekelwe isakhiwo yemizimba yethu, kananjalo kubekho iinzame lokuhlela kubo ngokwecebo uhlobo efuthe kumgaqo izintso, kodwa ngenxa womchamo ezininzi kwaye bayathanda extrarenal inyathelo. Ngoko ke, zonke womchamo esisiso zihlelwa indlela yazo yokusebenza.

Ngokusekelwe pharmacodynamics amachiza, bonke womchamo mihla bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu:

• potassium-engashiyi womchamo kwandisa kukhuthaza sodium kunye echaphazela kancinci potassium zinomgutyulo. Ezi ziquka amiloride, triamterene, spironolactone kunye eplerenone.
• saluretics - ahlobene thiazide, thiazide, womchamo ngokwenzekayo, గుర్తులు ibhaloni anhydrase inhibitors.
• womchamo osmotic, ukwandisa uxinzelelo kwi tubules nokuthintela reabsorption kwamanzi - mannitol, urea.

Ukongeza ukuhlelwa pharmacodynamics of womchamo zihlelwa ngokungqinelana isantya sokuqala kunye nobude isiphumo.

Ngenxa abalaseleyo: amandla, aphakathi kunye umchamo olomeleleyo. Le wathandwa ye ekuqaleni isiphumo umchamo bahlule iziyobisi Emergency isenzo (fast) - imizuzu 30-40, inyathelo eliphakathi - Iiyure 2-4, inyathelo kade - iintsuku 2-4. Kuba ubude isiphumo umchamo: elifutshane-Acting - Iiyure 5-8, umlinganiselo ubude - Iiyure 8-15, ubude - kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa.

Eyona ndawo iphambili lokusebenzisa womchamo na isifo sentliziyo, ingakumbi yegazi insufficiency syndrome kunye nokudumba kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.