USimon Ushakov, "Face Oyingcwele": incazelo neefoto

Icon uSimon Ushakov "Face Oyingcwele" - enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo eCaweni Orthodox. Kuye kwaqulunqwa phakathi kwinkulungwane XVII ngenxa Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo, nto leyo ibekwe Sergiev Posad. De kube ngoku, waba amawaka amakholwa ukuba banqule qho ngonyaka.

Yayingeyiyo Simon Ushakov?

Famous opeyintayo icon kunye neshedyuli nguSimon Ushakov. "Face Oyingcwele" kakhulu yakhe edumileyo, kodwa hayi kuphela ukusebenza.

Ngumzobi icon wazalelwa eMoscow ngo-1626. Malunga ubomi bakhe kancinane uyaziwa. Kuyabonakala ukuba, weza evela baloo dolophu. Olu qeqesho banikwa woonongendi besebancinane, ukuze kwiminyaka 22 waba inkosi Silver Chamber of umyalelo Izikrweqe. Lidla indawo kwiwonga umvuzo omkhulu.

Apha nje kwafuneka ukupeyinta ipleyiti icawa kunye nebhotwe izinto, iibhanile ipeyintwe, iipateni ukubuxhalela womluki. Yena a cartographer abasebenzi.

Ukongeza, awathi wasibhala wanguvulindlela ngabanye, kunye nebandla. Kungekudala ebedume edumileyo opeyintayo icon.

i Izikrweqe

Ngowe-1664, inqaku lethu hero yadluliselwa kukhonza Izikrweqe. imithwalo yakhe kuba mkhulu kwaye ukuthandwa likhule kuphela. Yena ngokukhawuleza yaba ngegcisa elinye ezingcono kukumkani, ekusekeni kwisikolo lonke zabazobi.

Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ubabalweyo Ushakov ngokwakhe wamnika yonke imiyalelo kwicala yokuluka. Ngenxa yoku, de ukufa kwakhe Ushakov wahlala ebunqobeni kunye nembeko.

Wafa eMoscow ngo-1686. Wayeneminyaka eli-62 ubudala.

"Face Oyingcwele". Simon Ushakov

-1658. umsebenzi yayo idumileyo owadalwa Simon Ushakov. Le icon "I-Face Oyingcwele" kwabhalwa ngenxa woonongendi e Sergiev Posad.

Umsebenzi izakwenziwa emthini usebenzisa tempera. Ubungakanani icon incinane kakhulu - iisentimitha 53 ukuya 42.

Imbali yokubhala icons

Wabhala icon yakhe edumileyo eMoscow Simon Ushakov. "Face Oyingcwele" ukuvela Church of Emnye kwikomkhulu Nikitinkah. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umbhalo emazantsi kulo msebenzi. It wabonisa ukuba lo msebenzi kudale lobunganga xa icon opeyintayo Simon Ushakov ngo-1658, ngo-7166 ukususela ekudalweni kwehlabathi.

Le ileyibhile yahlaziyelwa kwinkulungwane XIX. Le icon "The Holy Face" noSimona Ushakova Ungumfanekiselo yokuqala oyiNgcwele Face of onguMsindisi walo lonke esekhona. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Ushakov master isangqa wakhe akazange adale onjalo imveliso.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le icon ukubonisa i ezintsha ethile Simon Ushakov. "Face Oyingcwele" ibhalwe ngokungqinelana ubuchule bezobugcisa xesha mihla. Bona wachaza ngokuphuma ubuchule yokudweba icon Russian iminyaka emininzi.

с помощью сложной системы, в которой перемежались темные и светлые тона. Le icon ibalasele lwabanye kuphela transfer zendalo iimpawu zobuso, kodwa ke cut-off kunye nomthamo wadala yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, apho imibala emnyama kunye nokukhanya. Ukuze ukuze athambise utshintsho phakathi kwabo, baye zilungiswe ngakumbi zikwinqanaba lokugqibela omnye komnye.

Ngelo xesha linye kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba, ngokuchaseneyo nesithethe yaseYurophu kwi Russian icon ukhanyiso ubuso saint hayi bekuqhutywa njengomthombo wokwenene wokukhanya. Kwaye indawo ilitha ukukhanya wamxelela ukuba Ushakov noogxa waligcina ngokwesithethe ethe eRashiya ukususela ngenkulungwane XIV.

isikhokelo eceleni

Ezithile yembono nobugcisa reference obekho uSimon Ushakov "Face oyiNgcwele". Unyaka apho icon wadalwa (1658), waba sisiqinisekiso sokuba ngabapeyinti ezininzi Russian. Isibakala sokuba lo mfanekiso sele ikhankanyiwe rhoqo kwi azibhala Iosifa Vladimirova, ngubani nikela ukuba khangela nobuhle kunye namazinga ezifanelekileyo. Hi ndlela leyi, abahlobo kunye nogxa Ushakov.

Xa imisebenzi yakhe Vladimirov wakhankanya ukuba uKristu e Ushakova ezingabhaliweyo ngokungqinelana ncwadi. Noko ke, kule fomu, yena Ziyasondela neqondakalayo ngakumbi kumntu avareji. Emva koko, abaninzi ekhokelwa yi-Simon Ushakov. "Ubuso Oyingcwele", nto leyo eya kuthi achazwe kweli nqaku, yaba isifundo ephambili iconography kule minyaka izayo.

Kuye baba indlela onegunya kunabo nayiphi iconographer.

isebenza Ushakov

Simon Ushakov waba igcisa ezininzi kakhulu kunye opeyintayo. Iye yasinda ezininzi imisebenzi yakhe. Noko ke, abaninzi kubo ngelishwa yonakaliswa nokubuyiselwa kamva kunye neerekhodi nenzala.

Ngcono kunabanye icon ye Annunciation Bagciniwe namhlanje, Our Lady of Vladimir, St. Feodora Stratilata, i Descent loMoya oyiNgcwele, ke, uMsindisi.

Le misebenzi iconographer zingqina isibakala ukuba kakhulu phambili ukuba ngexesha layo, indoda ngomzobi onesiphiwo lowo ubephethwe ngokupheleleyo zonke iindlela ezaziwayo ngelo xesha.

Ushakov ngocoselelo wala ukupeyinta icon kwiisampuli yamandulo, njengoko eqhelekileyo ngelo xesha. Yena ngenkuthalo ithathe bokuqonda zobugcisa Western, nto leyo kwinkulungwane XVII nalapha ngaphakatyhi eyangena kummandla Russia.

Ushakov, ukugcina isithethe Russian yesikolo wamandulo ukupeyinta icon, akoyiki ukuba kunjani. Wenza sisincoko entsha, wafunda ukuba iisampulu intle inkcubeko Western, wafuna ukunika namanani imifanekiso yabo intshukumo nobuntu.

Yintoni Face oyiNgcwele?

Nomsindisi azenziwanga ngezandla - umfanekiso ekhethekileyo kaKristu iconography Russian. Yeyona ubuso loNyana kaThixo phezu tile okanye udongwe ibhodi.

Kukho amabali eziliqela malunga ngemvelaphi umfanekiso ngokungummangaliso.

Lokuqala - ngasempumalanga. Ngokutsho kwakhe, imbali kunxulunyaniswa nokugula bokumkani Edessa, owayelawula ekwelaseMesopotami, eTurkey yanamhlanje. Ngokutsho legend, emva ngegcisa elinye, wathumela kukumkani, ayikwazanga ukumela uKristu, uNyana kaThixo wahlamba ubuso bakhe waza wazisula itshefu yakhe, wemka umfanekiso walo. Isikhafu kwakhe umculi.

Into ephawulekayo. Ekubeni ngexesha ngokuhlamba iindevu kukaKristu yaba manzi, ngoko yaprintwa kwi isikhafu njengoko esime isici. Ukususela ngoko, abaphandi abaninzi wabiza le icon ngokuthi "uMsindisi Wet Brada".

Kukho kwakhona isiko yasentshona ephakathi. Yavele phakathi XIII kunye XV eminyaka. noLucky ngqo ayaziwa. Kungenzeka, kwabonakala phakathi friars Franciscan.

Isithethe langoku yamaYuda Veronica, ababehamba uYesu kuhambo lwakhe lokugqibela ukuya eKalvari. Kweli nqanaba, wanika itshefu ngelinen kuye uNyana kaThixo wakwazi siluvuthululela ubuso ngokubila kunye negazi. Ubuso bukaYesu kwakhona eyayikrolwe isikhafu yakhe. Ukususela ngoko, i-oyidingayo igcinwe eItali, xa Cathedral of St. uPetros phantsi igama "komkhusane Veronica."

Imbeko kwesi siganeko iye kuthiwa lekroza ikhweyitha emazantsi, leyo namhlanje yabagxeki yi izazi. Endaweni yawo ngoku kwi umlaza Sextans.

Izazinzulu ziye ngokuphindaphindiweyo bazama ukuba baphande umfanekiso elinikiweyo. Bonke ke baba nako ukumisa: lisetyenziswa ukupeyinta okanye izinto eziphilayo.