Yezihlabo Delphic and Geology: inzululwazi, qinisekisa intsomi

Idolophu Ugcino e Greece - kwiziko kubakhenkethi ngoku, kodwa iminyaka engamawaka amabini bahlangana lapha abakhenkethi, kodwa nabasemzini abaninzi. Behlayo evela iinqanawa, waza wenyukela ezintabeni, apho, phakathi nakwigcume lomnquma engcwele kumi engcwele elungiselelwe kuthixo ilanga Apollo. Ngokutsho legend, kule ndawo unyana kaZeyus babulala inamba Python, leyo abagcini zicandwe, unika abantu isipho wesiprofeto. Ukususela ngelo xesha, umbingeleli ezikhethekileyo - ogama emva kokuba dragon Pifiyami - waprofeta bayahlelwa oonyana babantu zabo baze baphendule imibuzo malunga nekamva. izindlu ezifana eGrisi yamandulo kwakukho abaninzi, kodwa iziqu kakhulu indlu ka-Apollo e Ugcino.

Le ibekwe emazantsi entaba Parnassus. Ekubeni ndawo iziqu ukusuka BC yesithathu ku-4 AD ngenkulungwane, kukho iingxelo ezininzi kakhulu kulo kwaye enze ezintsonkothileyo isiprofeto ukuze emvelo. Zonke chroniclers athi loo tempile ka-Apollo wema phezu zicandeke izihlambo, apho ukunyuka iigesi komhlaba. Priestesses kwamkelwa kuphela amantombazana abaye baba sisipho wesiprofeto. Ngoxa benza umsebenzi Pythia wabo, koko wabamba kOsenyangweni izibhambathiso lobunyulu, kwaye ke kuphela, eshiya inkonzo, batshata.

Iindwendwe uwusondeza umnikelo etempileni waza wabuza lo mbuzo, apho kwakubhalwe khona phezu tablet wax. Ezifunyanwa inani elikhulu yaye bobakhe amaxesha ahlukeneyo, bakhomba ukuba bahambi Ayengenamdla usengxakini: ingaba iqabane litshintsha, nokuba bathembele umntu okanye kwenye nokuba inzuzo yalo okanye ukuba ukurhweba ngokupha. ngaphambili Oracle bahlambe phantsi adyton - egumbini komhlaba phantsi isiseko wetempile - ahlale phezu kwento. It isezele ahamba kwelentshona. Kwintetho yakhe rambling sithetha Delphic yezihlabo - umbingeleli ekhethekileyo elithekelelwayo ngendlela engaqhelekanga mutterings Nal wayengumfundisi woothixo.

Kodwa ngabembi, okoko kule ndawo ukususela XIX kwinkulungwane., Ingaba ukufumana naziphi iintanda phantsi etempileni. Izazinzulu Adolf Oppe kunye Pierre Amandri e amaphepha zabo lowu ukuba Pythia, isiprofeto kunye Nal Ugcino - akukho ngaphezu kokuba elikhulu, ihleli eziliqela kwiinkulungwane scam, nto leyo ekhokelele ababingeleli etempileni uncedwa ziyazuza msulwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko indlu ka-Apollo e Ugcino kwakukho imeko enqabileyo xa inzululwazi yanamhlanje iye akwakukhanyela, kodwa yaqinisekisa intsomi imimangaliso ezenzeka kwindawo engcwele.

Ngo-1980, wafundela ngokobuninzi mlilo ezenziweyo, zenzeka kule ndawo. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba iziphene nenokuthi anyuke imveliso yomsebenzi ukubona, uqhuba empuma nasentshona, ngqo ukuya kwindawo apho Pythia wahlala, yaye apho ephendula imibuzo Isihlabo Delphic. igumbi adyton waba 2-3 yeemitha ngaphantsi komhlaba, ngokungathi kokuba ilungiselelwe ukuba ukubamba irhasi ozayo, nasezimfanteni. Kodwa yintoni le nto wayengumfundisi enxilisayo kunye nokwazisa kwayo phantsi, etyhilwe amehlo?

Plutarch ukhankanya ukuba "pneuma", nto leyo uphefumlele Pythia, yaba livumba elimnandi. Nkqu engama-20 kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini Himik Izabella imifuno lwafumanisa ukuba yi-20% nesisombululo ethylene kukhokelela ukulibala zabantu, kanye umthamo buthathaka ebangela lithongo. Abembi bezinto zakudala higgins ngo-1996 lubonisa ukuba ilizwi bambi, nto leyo kwangenisa i Pythia wavakalisa yezihlabo Delphic, waphefumlelwa ngambini ethylene exutywe carbon dioxide. Esi sigqibo izazinzulu eqhuba isifundo esinye itempile Apollo e Gierayolise (Malaya Aziya), umxube kusekho ufumana apho lamanqanaba osezantsi ngaphezulu. E Ugcino, emva kokuba iinyikima ezininzi ezinkulu, zicandeke izihlambo evaliwe kwaye "umthombo ngokwesityhilelo" yomile.