Yintoni Pascal. Programming ku Pascal

Yintoni Pascal? Bekuthi abantu babuza lo mba. Ngokusisiseko, aba ngabantu abasebenzisa ikhompyutha kwinqanaba lesiseko. Pascal - le yenye lweelwimi ezininzi ethandwa kweenkqubo. Funda oko, ngokuqhelekileyo kwisikolo esiphakamileyo okanye kwizifundo zokuqala eziyunivesiti. Kucingwa isiseko nezinye iilwimi kweenkqubo.

indaba

Yintoni NjengoPascal, siye wafumanisa. Ngoku uqhubeke ngqo kwimbali kokuhluma kwaye angaphuhli. UMdali Ulwimi - Niklaus Wirth. It yaphuhliswa kwixesha ukususela 1968 ukuya 1969. Pascal ekudaleni ingcamango weza kuye emva kokuya ikomiti ekhethekileyo kuphuhliso lolwimi. Yintoni NjengoPascal, oko kubanga umdla badwelisi benkqubo ezininzi abo basandula kuqalisa. Eli gama lithi ulwimi yathiywa emva nzulu esidumileyo French uBlaise UPascal, nto leyo ingakumbi idume nokudalwa umatshini ngomatshini, kuthwa amanani amabini.

Incwadi yokuqala into NjengoPascal, wabonakala 1970. Babethetha ngothixo njongo iphambili yokudala olu lwimi, ezifana ukusebenza, leyo negalelo izakhono iinkqubo ezibalaseleyo kunye esakhiweni data.

Ukuqaliswa ulwimi

• UCSD Pascal. Le nkqubo iye yasekwa ngo-1978. Kwakubonakala izibuko emafini ekuvumela ukuba ikhowudi ephathekayo, kwaye ngoku ihlelwe inkqubo yokuqala, njalo-njalo. Kamva UCSD waba sisiseko Ukusetyenziswa ezininzi eyalandela Pascal.
• Amelane Pascal. Programming e Pascal ebesoloko nomtsalane iingcali ezininzi ezincinane. Ngowe-1986, Apple wadala ulwimi ulwandiso into. Eli qela inxaxheba kuphuhliso, kokucebisana i "uyise" of Pascal.
• Turbo Pascal. Inguqulelo yokuqala IDE wabonakala ngo 1983. Borland waye inkampani leyo inxaxheba kuphuhliso oku kuphunyezwa. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba Turbo UPascal kakhulu abolekwe Odject UPascal, kwaye ngokubanzi, la Ukusetyenziswa ifana. Programming e Pascal zinomdla Microsoft. Phantse ngelo xesha linye, bamkhulula uguqulelo yabo ulwimi into esekelwe Pascal. Akakwazi ukufumana ukuhanjiswa ubunzima, yaye yalityalwa kungekudala. Kamva, ukuphunyezwa kwe ekuthiwa Into Borland kaThixo Pascal.
• Bengavumi Pascal namhlanje. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimbali Pascal na isivuno Ukusetyenziswa simahla. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho konke okuhle kwezinye iziyelelane ezininzi. Bayibonisa ayahambisana amahle kunye ezininzi iinkqubo zokusebenza.

iimpawu

Nolwazi ulwimi Pascal kuyimfuneko ukuqala iimpawu zayo. Chief phakathi kwabo - lokuchwetheza eyodwa yaye kuqinisekiswe ubukho kweenkqubo wakhiwe. Pascal - yokuqala elolu hlobo lwimi. Wacinga umphuhlisi, ulwimi kufuneka negalelo lokuprograma olucwangcisiweyo, kuba ngaphandle ezininzi iimpazamo isintaksi, kwakunye ekungoku interface enobuchule kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Yintoni NjengoPascal, yaye ziziphi iimpawu zayo eziphambili - imiba engundoqo umdla wabaqalayo. Ulwimi ngokufanelekileyo olulula nokuba lixeshana abasaqalayo.

Ekuqaleni, Noko ke, ulwimi kukho inani nezingalunganga. Chief phakathi kwabo: ekungakwazini ukusebenza kunye kwinkumbulo eliguqukayo, ithala leencwadi IO mfutshane, ukungabi nemali ukuze usebenzise imisebenzi wadala kwezinye iilwimi, njalo-njalo. Yintoni NjengoPascal, ogama ulwimi ilula, kwi 80s ekuqaleni ', iingcali abaninzi baye bafunda. Noko ke, asingabo bonke kwawo ukunambitha. Ezinye iingcali wabhala amanqaku ukuba zipeyintwe iinkcukacha malunga nokusilela ngalinye lolwimi.

Amaphutha nasekubalungiseni

Njengoninzi nezinye iilwimi lwenkqubo, Pascal Oqhayisayo nje iingenelo kodwa neengxaki ezinzulu. Kufuneka Kuthiwa ngokuthe ababhekisi ubunzima kunye neengxaki, kodwa ke ukuba benze njalo.

Njengokuba kakhulu njengoko kuvakala unakho, kodwa akukho zintswelo ulwimi ingaqhelekanga kunceda badwelisi benkqubo kuqeqesho. Ukongeza, Pascal kwi 80s yaba linyathelo elikhulu phambili xa kuthelekiswa ne-Fortran, ngelo xesha wayefunda kwaba bantu batsha. Ingakumbi Fortran wayeneengxaki ezininzi. Xa ixesha elifutshane kakhulu kwexesha, Pascal ikwazile ukuba ulwimi ephambili nokufundisa kwizikolo ezininzi kunye neeyunivesithi. Xa noseko lwalo zaye zaphuhliswa iinkqubo ezininzi.

isakhiwo

Malunga Pascal uyakwazi ukubhala lukhulu, kodwa kufuneka uye ngqo nenkqubo kweenkqubo. Isicelo ngasinye e Pascal luqala igama (Programme). Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba Igama lwenkqubo, wandula ke wayiphakamisa ";". Maxa wambi oku ingafuneki. Emva igama, ungakhankanya uluhlu lwefayile lwangaphandle eziya kudlala parameters. Emva koko kuza eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule nkqubo - umzimba wayo. It iqulathe amacandelo inkcazelo constants, iintlobo, izinto, iinkqubo kunye nemisebenzi. Emva kwabo kukho block yeengxelo - indawo yokungena. iyunithi umqhubi ibekwe phakathi amagama aqala kunye nesiphelo. ingxelo nganye ezahlulwe sisithuba semicolon. Ukuphelisa inkqubo usebenzisa indawo apho obekwe emva kokuba umzimba.

modules isicelo

Kuba umnqongo isicelo kule program ikhowudi kufuneka abe khona papasho kuyo. Ukuze enze isaziso esinjalo, ungasebenzisa imiyalelo connection, nto leyo a elingundoqo USEBENZISA. Emva kwakhe, amagama iimodyuli ukuba iqhagamshele. Imiyalelo wangena nangoko emva header okanye interface kwicandelo.

Ezinye Ukusetyenziswa asinguwe oyithweleyo Iimodyuli ulwimi, iinguqulelo ingakumbi abadala. Zingakotshwa zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezimbini: software kunye nenkxaso. Eyokuqala ekhoyo kule nkqubo iqala kunye nenkqubo elingundoqo. Owesibini iquka izinto, constants, iintlobo njalo, ingasetyenziswa kwezinye iimodyuli.

zokubhala

kwezivakalisi Pascal kufuna ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo.

• Bekhefu. Ibekwe ekupheleni ye header, emva kokuba inkcazo yezahlukileyo. abaqhubi ivela kuyo. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa phambi kokuphela elingundoqo.
• Ikhefu. Kusetyenziswa umahluli ezahlukeneyo zintlu.
• Point. Ibekwe ekupheleni umzimba nkqubo (emva kokuphela igama).

Loo zombuzo eqine kuyimfuneko kuba computer kucingwa ukuba lokwenza isicelo. Kwimeko umlinganiswa ezingachanekanga kubonisa imposiso. Ukuba semicolon isebenza umahluli ingxelo, umqhubi uthathwa ukuba itekisi yonke phakathi ingongoma enye kunye ingongoma elandelayo. Kwimeko yamanqaku nepostanovki phakathi abasebenzisi, iprogram, iya eyodwa kwaye aveze impazamo.

ulwimi Pascal ikuvumela ufake izimvo. Bakhonza ingcaciso kucwangciso khowudi. Unakho ukusebenzisa ulwimi Russian. Kwi inkqubo izimvo akukho ukuvelisa nasonasiphi na isiphumo.

E NjengoPascal, uyakwazi ukubhala zombini negama kunye noonobumba abakhulu. Loo nto ixhomekeke kule Ndingumqondisi.

ukugxekwa

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, ukuthandwa okhethekileyo uPascal weza 1980-1990, kodwa kwakukho abagxeki ingqalelo ulwimi bokungakhathali kwakungandonwabisi. Ngenxa yazo, oko kumlungele kuphela kuqeqesho. Ingakumbi ukugxeka ephawulekayo kuchazwa kwinqaku elithi "Kutheni Pascal ayikho ulwimi endiyithandayo lokuprograma." Ibhalwe ngu-Brian Kernighan - enye kubabhekisi phambili be C. emva inqaku uPascal yaqalisa yatshintshwa kakhulu ukuba ngcono.

Nangona zonke iziphene, le nkalo zitshisa ibunzi kwi Pascal sengqondo nje of badwelisi benkqubo ezininzi.