Iindlela Formational kwaye civilizational kwimbali yoluntu

Kangangethuba elide kwi ncwadi lwangaphakathi kunye nenzululwazi, kukho mnye kuphela indlela ukuba uthathelwe ingqalelo kwaye isifundo idlulileyo uluntu. Ngokutsho kwakhe, yonke ekuphuhliseni uluntu kuxhomekeke ukutshintsha Iziseko zoqoqosho. Le ngcamango abeke phambili ecacileyo esivakalayo uKarl Marks. Kodwa namhlanje ngakumbi kwaye kaninzi ibali kuqwalaselwa ukusuka imbono loluhlu olubanzi imiba yokudibanisa kunye iindlela formational kwaye civilizational kwimbali ngemvelaphi kunye nophuhliso lonke uhlanga lwabantu.

Ziyenzeka, kukho iingcaciso ezininzi, kodwa ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo uthi ingcamango Marx yenye noThixo-kwaye alisayi kuwathathela ngqalelo iimeko ezininzi kunye neenkcukacha zembali, ongayi kuba nako kuthathelwa ingqalelo ekufundeni into multi-amaninzi ezifana, njengoluntu.

Formational kunye neendlela civilizational zisekelwe kukubambelela yabo zinto zilandelayo:

1. formational - ezisekelwe kuphuhliso loqoqosho kunye ilungelo lobunini;
2. impucuko - sithabathela ingqalelo zonke iinkalo zobomi, ukusuka zonqulo nesiphelo kunye ulwalamano "ngamnye -. amandla"

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akukho laphuhlisa ulwazi elidityanisiweyo loo ndlela civilizational. umphandi ngalinye sithabathela ingqalelo enye kuphela okanye ezimbini izinto. Ngenxa yoko, Toynbee iyayahlula elinesithandathu iintlobo oluntu, ngokusekelwe ekuphuhliseni uluntu kwintsimi enye ukususela ekusekweni kwayo ukuya incopho kunye ukuhla. Ngokwahlukileyo kuye Uolt Rostou ibonisa kuphela 5 lempucuko, isiseko kugxininiswa ukuba kubekwa phezu umlinganiselo "labemi - ukusetyenziswa", Osenyangweni yona imeko yokusebenzisa abaninzi.

Njengoko kubonakala ingcamango yokugqibela, iindlela formational kunye civilizational badla ayangenana-nye, nto leyo engaqhelekanga. Le meko kungenxa yokuba onke luphawulwa imbali yoluntu omnye kuphela umbono. Ngoko ke, zombini iindlela formational kwaye civilizational ekufundweni uluntu ayinako ukutyhila ngokupheleleyo kokuhluma kunye nophuhliso kuzo zonke izigaba, ngokusekelwe kuphela indlela enye.

Ngoko ke, eyona olunzulu kwezi ngobhalo ukuyilwa Marx kunye Toynbee ngayo imfundiso ethile. Uninzi abaphandi kwiminyaka yakutshanje baze beze ngakumbi ukucinga ukuba xa udibanisa i parameters ezingundoqo la magama, iindlela formational kwaye civilizational akwazi ukuzithethelela ngokupheleleyo kutheni kuphuhliso inzululwazi, uqoqosho, ezenkcubeko kunye nezinye iinkalo zobomi yoluntu wahamba ngendlela inokubuyiselwa ngomama amaphepha yembali.

Le ngasentla kungenxa yokuba imfundiso Marx ngayo zigaba 5 (zolwakhiwo) labantu ezisekelwe ubukhulu becala phezu uhlobo izixhobo uqoqosho kunye nophuhliso. Theory of Toynbee ngempumelelo zongeza kuyo, ebonisa imiba yezentlalo, inkolo, amasiko, yenzululwazi kunye nezinye. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nisaqala Toynbee ingqalelo ngakumbi kanye icandelo zonqulo, yaye oku zilawulwe ukuchasa kwabo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le meko iye itshintshile, kwaye namhlanje iindlela formational kwaye civilizational ekufundweni emphakathini yahlulwe kwemiqathango kuphela.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ezi iindlela ukuqonda imbali iintsilelo kunye nobuhle. Ngoko ke, ithiyori kwingxelo isifundo eneenkcukacha zonke iinkalo yamanqanaba ezintlanu imbali kwezoqoqosho naliphi na iqela loluntu. Le Ububi obukhulu ukuqonda ngomnye umntu engakhange eve iinkqubo evela kwi lithi (oko kukuthi izifundo zabo theory Marx kaThixo), nto leyo kuchazwe into yokuba esi sifundo isifundo zaye zachongwa kuphela lizwe yaseYurophu. Amava sithi Slavic, Arab, American kunye Afrika hlabathi kuthathelwa ngqalelo. Malunga njengenye factor isigwebo sakhe kunye "uyise" kwengcamango kwempucuko Toynbee esekelwe.

iindlela Formational kwaye civilizational kwimbali yophuhliso yoluntu ngalo mzuzu ngokuchasene noko ngokwesiseko engalunganga. Olo indlela iindlela zophando akuguquki ekuphuculeni uluntu ushiya akukho gumbi kakhulu sihlolisisa zonke iinkqubo ezenza ezenzeka eluntwini. Kwaye ngoko ukuze kuthintelwe ukuyilwa amatshatshazi amhlophe kufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela formational kunye civilizational ngaxeshanye.