Ziko: ubukhulu, iintlobo device

Uninzi abanini izindlu zabucala dream ukucwangcisa isiqwengana ezinamagama, yothando kunye ukhululekile zefanitshala - eziko, ubukhulu apho uxhomekeke kakhulu kuya kwenza ukuba umsebenzi - ukufudumeza okanye zokuhombisa.

umlilo Live igcwele kuphela ubuhle, kodwa emngciphekweni omkhulu ngomlilo, ngoko itshimini wamatye kufuneka lwandulelwe yokubala ngenyameko.

Indlela ukubala ubungakanani kweziko?

High-grade ubushushu umthombo (nokuba lesibini, oyinhloko) likholisa njengoko eziko. Engqonge isakhiwo amagumbi ukufudumeza, yeyiphi indawo yi-20 m ^2, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• indawo firebox kufuneka kwahluka phakathi 0.4 m ^2;
• imingxuma ulwelo ukuphakama - 52 cm ububanzi - 78 cm;
• kubunzulu focal kufuneka 34-35 cm.

indawo yecandelo ukuphakama itshimini awabalulekanga ngaphantsi, efuna ukubala eyahlukileyo nangenyameko kakhulu. Iziko, ogama imilinganiselo zibalwa ngokungachanekanga, kunokubangela isoyikiso sokwenene impilo kunye nobomi babantu, kotoroaya siyifumana ithuba lokungena kumasango nemveliso yokutsha kunye carbon monoxide. Umlinganiselo ngokufanelekileyo indawo yecandelo le mingxuma ulwelo kunye amafutha ixabiso 1/10 ingqalelo, Noko ke, ubukhulu umgangatho emlilweni - asinto saziwe komntu ngamnye njengoko kubalwe ngokuchanekileyo kufuna kwimeko nganye.

Ukumisela ubungakanani maziko seenkuni

Wood zokubasa - le uyilo, rhoqo kwaye ngovuyo ndawonye onke amalungu entsapho ngexesha kubanda ekwindla nasebusika ebusuku. Lanqanqaza isandi iinkuni kunye nohlobo dancing amadangatye ngokuqinisekileyo ukudala umoya eyodwa ukuzola nokuphumla. La maziko ezenziwe ngezitena - akuyolisi cheap, iingcibi ikhaya abaninzi banqwenela ukwenza umsebenzi ngokwakho. Kakade, ngeke kuthiwe elula lo msebenzi, kodwa ukuba yenziwe ngokungqinelana nemigaqo, umphumo ngokuqinisekileyo positive.

Ziko ibandakanya amacandelo afunekayo zilandelayo:

• somlilo;
• batshaya egumbini;
• kwitshimini.

Ubungakanani isiqalelo ngasinye kufuneka sibe ubudlelwane eyimfuneko ubungakanani kwisithuba shushu.

Umzekelo, indawo bomnyango ulwelo ngokumalunga kummandla elipheleleyo igumbi kufuneka alingane 1:50. e umlinganiselo 2 ukuphakama nobubanzi: 3, nobunzulu, ukuphakama kolundi ezikweni ukususela 1: 2 ukuya 2: 3.

Ngobukhulu umngxuma ulwelo enempembelelo enkulu, indawo yokutsha. Inqanaba efunekayo ukuwutyhalela lunganikezelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: indawo iziko amaxesha 8-15 ngaphezulu indawo yecandelo le kwitshimini. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba sihlelwe ukufaka umbhobho ngeenxa, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe icandelo elincinane emnqamlezweni ngaphezu ukuba itshimini yaba isikwere okanye uxande.

Ukukhetha izinto

Zokubasa, iinkuni kuhle ukwakha ngokupheleleyo-eyomeleleyo ebomvu firebrick.
Umgangatho yale eziphathekayo zitshekishwe kwi parameters zilandelayo:

• umbala fanele ku yisiwa kunye ashinyeneyo;
• yenye ingxaki ihamile kwi isitena kufuneka 'abuyele' iminxeba kunye nesandi ecacileyo.

Ukongeza, imfuno:

• isanti, iinkozo leyo mayingabi ngaphezu 1,5 mm;
• ngodongwe Cambrian, kwaye ungasebenzisa kwakhona omdaka okanye mnyama obomvu;
• macadam - 3.6 mm;
• Portland isamente grade 300.

Kufuneka kwakhona ukuthenga:

• umsi umatshini;
• umlilo screen;
• tha.

isisekelo

Phambi kokuba uqale ukwakha ikhaya, kufuneka uthathe unonophelo yesiseko eyahlukileyo. Ubunzulu emhadini yi-60 cm kunye nobubanzi-10 cm igqithe ubukhulu sikhokelo elizayo.

Emazantsi maze azigubungele igrabile zilinganisiwe kakuhle ukugcina horizontality.

Okulandelayo ufuna ukwenza formwork, nto leyo iza kufuna ibhodi ngamaplanga. Kuba amanzi kufuneka uthenge izinto nophahla okanye nentlaka.

Cwangcisa formwork efunekayo ubuthongo izitena ezaphukileyo, amatye okanye igrabile, ugalele waxovula ngononophelo ngodaka lwesamente. Phezulu isiseko kufuneka kudilizwa ujonge levelness. Emva kweentsuku 7, uyakwazi ukuqhubeka kulwakhiwo kweziko.

Features amaziko kweziko

Phambi ekuqaleni lolwakhiwo fyabo luncedo njengomlilo, apho ubukhulu sele kugqityiwe ngaso ngaphambili, kufuneka inike amanzi. Oku kuya kufuna izinto nophahla, wabeka ngokwemaleko-2. Ukubeka kufuneka uqale kunye ezikoneni. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka esweni rhoqo kwinqanaba. Ukwenza ifom eyintsusa uyilo, unako ukwenza i wamatye kumqolo ongezantsi emphethweni, nabo bonke ezilandelayo - flat. imiqolo eqhubekayo yangaphandle ifuna ukusetyenziswa ngenkcenkce okanye nesimbo. ibhokisi umsi okanye firebox izakwenziwa ngesandla, njengoko kunceda kwi ekufumanekeni iingqalutye ezincinane isisombululo.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngexesha kusakhiwa firebox yokutshayela nesitovu-ziko kufuna ukususwa isisombululo kwemfuneko ngelaphu elifumileyo. Asimele silibale ukuba udonga engaphakathi nto lakufumana enatyabeka ngako. I umthungo kufuneka zingcakacile, kungenjalo nga ngokukhawuleza ukuzivula. zokubasa Modern abadinga bandaging beentanda kwi enesiqingatha-lwezitena emgceni.

Ukujamelana udonga olungaphandle firebox kwaye kufuneka alidityaniswanga, okanye ngenxa yotshintsho ubushushu nigule kwenzeka ukuhlukunyezwa wamatye.

Kwi maziko owayephila

Wonke umntu nice ukuba uve isandi yehlathi lanqanqaza kwaye uzive ukufudumala amadangatye. ayifane idlalwa kuphela kwindalo, kodwa kwikhaya labo. Yenza iphupha yokwenyani ekwaziyo maziko ezenziwe ngezitena. Eyona njongo iphambili yalo isixhobo awenzi kuphela intuthuzelo coziness endlwini, kodwa zokufudumeza yayo.

zokubasa Modern malunga amafutha:

• amalahle;
• imithi yemvelo;
• gas;
• umbane.

Kwimarike kukho maziko ezininzi esele zenziwe. Umahluko Iintlobo ezivulekileyo kunye okuvala wakwaMowabhi. Ukongeza, isitovu-kweziko masivalwe okanye inkqubo zokufudumeza okwakuphandle, apho uhlobo iziko kuxhomekeke kweminqweno umthengi zidityanisiwe.

ziko Modern - uyilo ubhetyebhetye kwaye aluncedo ingafakwa na indawo elula.

Ziko njengento yoyilo

Ziko sisisombululo yoyilo abafezekileyo ukuze ugxininise indlela yonke gumbi. Kuba kuyilo wayo ingasetyenziswa lohlobo olungagqibekangaName, mihla, ilizwe okanye nayiphi na ekholekileyo kumnini.

Ukufudumeza ziko ifuna izincedisi ezifana hayibo, nezifinyiso zaso, ehlohla umqwehle hlamarile. Noko ke, uluntu lwale mihla ingqalelo kakhulu ngakumbi kwindima ngokwasemphefumlweni nangokwasengqondweni yoyilo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kweziko ayikhuthazwa ukufaka kwigumbi elincinane, emnyango okanye yezinto. Ideal - izitulo bekhululekile zilungiswe kwigumbi eliphangaleleyo, ukumela eyodwa izixhobo kunye kwibhentshi oluchanileyo phantsi kweenyawo zakhe.

isitayile Country, okanye yesikhumba: elula kwisiqalo elinomtsalane eqhelekileyo

Le etymology igama elithi "yesikhumba" uthi iimpawu ezininzi uphawu le isimbo - "neotesannosti" ngabom, "uburhabaxa" bexelisa omnye ngaphakathi yesikhumba (ngendlela eyahlukileyo le ibizwa ngokuba ilizwe). Umnqweno ookhokho bethu ukuzisa isiqalelo ubuhle kwilungiselelo ohlala yakhe eyayingekaphuhli ukudalile oku zobugcisa, kamva waba kakhulu nangokupheleleyo ukuphuhlisa.

Isimbo Country semvelo zendalo iindawo, izakhi kunye neemathiriyeli, wabalaselisa imilo "rough" kunye kwigumbi processing evulekileyo. Ingakumbi izinto efanelekileyo: Iliwa iqokobhe, ilitye tuff engxondorheni njalo njalo.

Kwi nobunewunewu ecwengileyo ye kweziko yokubhala ezimbejembeje

yobuciko zazivela eYurophu ngamaXesha Aphakathi - ibonisa isongo bokwakha le Renaissance. Le ndlela isebenzayo kwimeko efana maziko styles nayo. Oku zizakubalulwa: ngendlela onamandla, kubunewunewu ngokugqithiseleyo kunye obutofotofo, nohlobo nolulahlekisayo zonke iintlobo ezithile kunye nemigca, nengxolo kunye nokuhombisa.

Art Nouveau

Fans of Art Nouveau lula bayeke uninzi amasuntswana decor ngokuthanda umbala angaqhelekanga nokuhlola. Le ndlela uphawu: lume, indibanisela penaloobraznost eyakhayo zamatye nentsimbi nxalenye kananjalo phambi ingaphakathi yodongwe okanye ngeglasi. style Adepts iindlela ezingaqhelekanga zejiyometri, ukuzeyisa, koomofu kunye nosisombululo esiphezulu kuyilo. Njengoko bungabonakala abstraktsionistskuyu kakhulu okanye landscape painting, ifenitshala kancinane ihonjiswe, iindonga wayifulela imigca azilingani kunye nemibala wu- njengofanelwe inkxaso yi kweziko isimbo Art Nouveau.