Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov (Malinovsky): engobomi, umsebenzi yenzululwazi

inkokeli yamaBolshevik Party uAleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov waba sobulumko kuqatshelwe nesazi-nzulu. Waba ngunozala beengcamango eziliqela zenzululwazi.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

ugqirha elizayo kunye semvelo uAleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov wazalwa ngo-Agasti 22, 1873 kwilali kwiphondo Sokolka Grodno. Ekuzalweni, waba igama Malinovsky. Uyise waba iindwendwe Vologzhanin kunye notitshala ethandwayo.

Malinowski wafunda e Tula esikolweni lwamandulo, apho waphumelela iimbeko ngo-1892. umfana ekwaziyo wakhetha indlela yenzululwazi. Yena wangena Physics and Mathematics Faculty of University eMoscow. Eli ziko lemfundo ephakamileyo, kwakunye nazo zonke ezinye iiyunivesithi Russian, yaba indlwane ulutsha ngokupheleleyo-nye. Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov wazibandakanya Narodnaya Volya ukusuka Union of amaqela ngobuhlobo wasentla. Lo mbutho kwavalwa ngabasemagunyeni kwaye baphantsi kolawulo abecuphi.

Ngowe-1894, i Abantu ezi apheliswe. Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov wagxothwa eyunivesithi. Wabanjwa waza wagwetywa ekuthinjweni Tula. Apho Malinovsky bangena izangqa abasebenzi '. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umfana kwanyanzeleka ukuba aphume yunivesithi, lo gama unomdla kakhulu kwinzululwazi. "Indlela emfutshane inzululwazi kwezoqoqosho" wabhala ngo-1897. Le ncwadi uxatyiswa kakhulu Vladimir Lenin. Leader sabasebenzi yehlabathi hlukile erudition, kwaye kwakunzima ukwenza into ethile hlelo. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uLenin ebizwa incwadi yokuqala "ngumkhuba oluphawulekayo" Malinowski xa iincwadi loqoqosho Russian.

ukubanjwa New and yokushiywa

Emva kokuphumelela amakhonkco Tula Bogdanov wangena eKharkov University, apho wayefunda ukususela 1895 ukuya 1899. Eli xesha ke wakhetha Faculty of Medicine. Kulo mzekelo, umphandi oselula awayezithanda kuphela zendalo kodwa nezoluntu. izimvo zakhe zibonakala kakhulu ngokupheleleyo imibhalo epapashwe ngelo xesha.

Ngowe-1899, emva kokuba Malinowski wafumana iziqu zakhe zonyango, waphinda wabanjwa imisebenzi yakhe yezopolitiko. Inkundla igwebe itshantliziyo ukuya ukugxothwa, okokuqala ukulungela ukusebenza, uze emva koko Vologda. Ekhaya uyise wayesebenza ngugqirha kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo. Ngo-1904, ixesha reference siphelelwe lixesha. Revolutionary waya eSwitzerland.

ngaphambili,

Ngowe-1913, eRashiya wabuyela Bogdanov uAleksandr Aleksandrovich. Biography of lo mntu ingcamango eqhelekileyo ubudala. Emva konyaka, emva kokubuyela kwilizwe lakhe Malinowski leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Njengendawo ingcali ofanelekayo kakhulu wathumela ngaphambili njengoko kugqirha.

amadabi Bloody kunye amaJamani wenza esachukumisa Bogdanov. Ugqirha kunye nengcali amalungu kwalo, njengokuba kungekho namnye unako indlela ezibulalayo ezoyikekayo sisixhobo zenkulungwane entsha. Imfazwe wenze olululo gqolo yeengcinga iPacific. Sele kwisikolo sikarhulumente yamaBolshevik eSoviet yazama ukuba benze konke okusemandleni ukuba negalelo ekukhuleni kwinkcubeko kunye nemfundo sabasebenzi. Bogdanov (Malinovsky) uAleksandr Aleksandrovich wayekholelwa ukuba inkqubela kuphela kuya kunceda uluntu ukuba balahle iimfazwe.

umbono jikelele

iimbono zeentanda Bogdanov xa ekhulisa ubomi bakhe bonke. Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, oku kuchatshazelwa kakhulu yi Marxism kunye positivism. Ukudityaniswa kwezi zikolo zibini kubangele kwingcamango entsha, umbhali kwawo Bogdanov uAleksandr Aleksandrovich. Ngobomi yale Scientist waziwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba ukuba tectology nguyise.

Kuye elinye igama - inzululwazi lombutho jikelele. Le uqeqesho iye ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha ngumbhali emsebenzini wakhe umqulu ezintathu-"Tectology". Bogdanov wafunda ukusebenza yentsebenziswano phakathi izinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kwinkqubo enye. Ezi zifundo babedalelwe njenge umphandi ukuphendula umbuzo yokuphucula indlela yokusebenza koqoqosho.

Phakathi theory yamaBolshevik tectology awukafikeleli. ULenin wayedla wagxeka abaxhasi nezimvo zazikho kwiincwadi zakhe, uAleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov. Igalelo ulawulo - yiloo yintoni umphumo engundoqo yakhe imisebenzi yesayensi kulo mmandla ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Kamva, emva kokufa Malinowski kaThixo, izakhiwo zakhe theoretical component zithandwa phakathi izazinzulu computer.

Tectology

Tectology Bogdanova wabakho kuba nje kuphela Marxism. Omnye umthombo obalulekileyo yaba monism ngayo lo mbono. Umbhali emsebenzini wakhe engundoqo, wathetha ngemfuneko ukudala ideology ukwenzela ukuphucula imveliso.

Kwakhona Bogdanov wayengumxhasi izicwangciso kuqoqosho kwanangaphambi kokuba nkqubo yaba ibalulekileyo eSoviet Union. Scientist ithemba lokuba kwixesha elizayo zonke izenzo zabantu ziya kuza kwinqanaba elitsha ukuhlanganisa inzululwazi, kushishino kunye nangeendlela abaci.

Proletcult

Scientist sobulumko Bogdanov uAleksandr Aleksandrovich wayelilungu le RSDLP ngo-1905. U fanele ku isizukulwana yokuqala iiBolsheviks. Xa iqela uLenin kaThixo wangumlawuli eRashiya emva Oktobha Revolution, Bogdanov, baphule ngokupheleleyo igama lokuqala, lifikile ukuba bahlale izithuba zophando zoluntu ezibalulekileyo.

Kude 1921 ISAZINZULU waba uprofesa e Moscow State University (wafundisa yoqoqosho lwezopolitiko). Ngelo xesha yena Communist Academy yaye yaba lilungu Elawulayo yayo.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala karhulumente Soviet Bogdanov wenza kakhulu kuphuhliso nemibono yayo. Ngowe-1917 ukuba wadalwa Proletkult. Lo mbutho yinxalenye yaBantu Commissariat of Education. Wahlela imisebenzi yenkcubeko, zokufundisa nokwazisa abasebenzi. Enye abadlali abaphambili Proletkult waba Bogdanov uAleksandr Aleksandrovich. Management, waza wafunda kwi-sikhokelo theory tectology ekugqibeleni luncedo kuye practice.

emibonweni Soviet

Bogdanov bakhuthaza ukuba utshintsho olupheleleyo sengqondo kwinkcubeko. Wayekholelwa ukuba imisebenzi ezindala wobugcisa bavakalisa ngombono kunye nomdla kwiklasi enye kuphela (umzekelo, abaqeshisi, ikhoboka elithembekileyo-ukuba abanini, oohlohlesakhe kunye nabalimi). Kodwa sabasebenzi inkcubeko yabo hlobo kwakungenjalo. Ngoko ke, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba ukudala ukusuka ekuqaleni. Oku waxoxa uAleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov. Biography (inkcazo emfutshane inikwe kweli nqaku) yinto umzekelo indlela igcinwe ebalulekileyo karhulumente.

Ngokutsho sesayensi bulumko, zobugcisa yesigaba wayefanele ukubanamandla ubalathise abantu phambili - kwikamva eliqaqambileyo, ukuba ubukomanisi. imifanekiso Live waveza ephepheni, kwiincwadi kunye iifilim, yenzelwe ngenxa yokufakwa nokulungelelanisa esikhulu amava ubomi abasebenzi eSoviet Union. Njengendoda inzululwazi, Bogdanov wayenokuthi kakuhle ukuba lwezobugcisa kakhulu lwentando yesininzi ngaphezu ulwazi ngqo. Oku kuthetha ukuba zingasetyenziswa ukwakha inkqubo eyimfuneko zokucinga kunye ukuthanda ngqo yabantu ibe ngumjelo karhulumente luncedo. Head Proletcult ibhengeze ukuba ukuzimela kufuneka yenkcubeko yokusebenza uloyiso revolution yehlabathi.

Bogdanov wagxeka sengqondo loohlohlesakhe ukuya zobugcisa. Kuba abantu baseNtshona, kwakungenxa indlela wonwabe. art yesigaba awafani. It waphefumlela umzabalazo kwiintshaba iklasi, abantu ndawonye macala izimvo. Le Isazinzulu waqhubeka iimbono zakhe; kunye nesimo sengqondo esinjalo kubugcisa nayiphi na evela eSoviet Union, yaba loluntu umsebenzi obalulekileyo. Culture Bogdanov kwaba liqela mbutho. Lo mgaqo ke inzala ngqo theory tectology. Umzekelo ingoma wamajoni, inceda amajoni ukuba izinto ukulwa ngendlela eququzelelweyo kakuhle. Labour iculo kunye izicima ekuxhaseni lemigulukudu.

Ukuhlola indlela igazi

Njengoko eziphilayo, isazinzulu ukubo- neengcamango malunga lobomi omzimba womntu kunokwenzeka. Kulo mba, ngowe-1926 waseka National Research Institute of Igazi. A lot of uphando ngalo mba zabanjwa uAleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov. Uhlalutyo System of imisebenzi yakhe kwibhayoloji ubonisa ukuba ngokwenene wayekholelwa lobomi koluntu ukutofelwa igazi emzimbeni igazi elitsha nabaselula.

Ezi iingcamango ngqindilili Bogdanov ngoxa luxhaswe yi bubuxoki karhulumente. Stalin, ngelo xesha baya ngokukhawuleza kwi-yindoda ibe nye, ibe nzulu kunye isiseko wamnceda Blood Institute eMoscow. Bogdanov waba ngumlawuli eli ziko eyahlukileyo ixesha layo.

ukufa

Kwezinye amalinge, ukuba igazi ngokwakhe uAleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov (1873-1928). Ebudeni benye yezi nkqubo, yena baphulukane wafa. Igazi wathulula Isazinzulu ivela emzimbeni umfundi, wabangela yokusabela yokulahlwa kunye nokufa. Eli tyala wabonisa ngokucacileyo ingozi imifuniselo olukhulu ezinjalo. Ngokuthe ngcembe, le nkqubo wajika Blood Institute.

Emngcwabeni edume yamaBolshevik Bukharin wenza. Wathi igama liqabane kwempambano umfi. Oku kuyinyaniso. Hayi nje ukuba lukhuni kangaka nofele emsebenzini wakhe izazinzulu ezifana uAleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov. Iifoto ukusuka yomngcwabo beza onke amazwe lephephandaba.