Alessandro Manzoni: engobomi, izibakala umdla iifoto

Le ndoda saphumelela iindima ezininzi zokudala. Yena imbongi wemidlalo, yaye umbhali, kunye ngumququzeleli lwentlalo. E Italy, Alessandro Manzoni ligorha lesizwe. Yaba nguye lowo waqala ukubonisa iinoveli koqobo zembali. Kuba ninaludumo Alessandro Manzoni imbasa imbeko, udumo kunye nokuqondwa? Qwalasela lo mbuzo ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu.

ebuntwaneni

Alessandro Manzoni wazalwa ngoMatshi 7, 1785 eMilan, eItali. ookhokho bakhe abanumzana, yaye le ntsapho ekhuselekileyo ngokwezimali. , Abazali bekhathazekile linani lezikolo, ekugqibeleni wanika umfana Barnobitov College, apho wayefunda khona inzala basebukhosini. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo into yokokuba Inkwenkwe yabonakala ngakumbi ngenkuthalo ekuqondeni nkalo. Childhood Alessandro Manzoni ngaloo minyaka, xa UNapoleon Bonaparte iphumelele uloyiso ephehlayo eYurophu.

Kungekudala, injengele ukukhula encinane yaba isithixo ukuba umbhali elizayo. Emva kokuba egqibe ekholejini, Mandzoni Alessandro amagqabi iminyaka eliqela kwikomkhulu French. Oku lula ziimeko entsapho. Uyise nonina womntwana lowo umtshato, yaye yena nonina baya eParis. kungekudala unina watshata indoda esisityebi. Ku ri eParis, umfana edibana bulumko eyaziwayo-kakuhle kunye nombhali. Ukunxibelelana nabo ayilwamkeli ngaphandle kokushiya, azafunyanelwa ndawo: Alessandro uvusa umdla kwiincwadi. Manzoni omncinane waqala ukunxibelelana nonina wayo, kunye nabafowunelwa kunye noyise baba yimiyalezo. Kugcine kubonakala inzala yakhe ibonisa umtshato aluphumelelanga, kutheni ungaziphi kwimfundo unyana ka-nxaxheba olunokuba luncedo. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa elivisayo i Mandzoni Alessandro oselula akazange engqongwe ngenkathalo kunye nomsa evela kubazali babo. Lo mfana ugqiba ukuba sibuyele eMilan.

Amanyathelo okuqala xa kudalwa

Ukufika ekhaya, lo mfana uba umfundi college Longoni. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva waphumelela kwesi sikolo kwaye ugqiba ukuba siphile yokuhlala esitratweni St. Damiano, maxa wambi ukutyelela indlu yabo wamanyange, ibekwe elingekude Lecco.

Mandzoni Alessandro, ogama engobomi eyaziwa hayi bonke, nangoku ngaqhagamshelani noyise wakhe, maxa wambi kuye kutyelelwa ziimbongi Foscolo, Cuoco, Monty. Xa kunjalo, uya kuba nobubele ngokukodwa kwaye bafuna ukuba simxelise naye emsebenzini.

ibhaloni Trial Alessandro oselula uncwadi nga kuqwalaselwa kspell ngokuphila "Self Portrait," apho wazama ukuchaza iingcombolo zangaphandle kunye nomgangatho lwangaphakathi. Lo mfana wabhala ukuba amehlo akhe ezichazayo, iinwele ezimnyama kunye ibunzi eliphezulu. Kwakhona wafumana eye esinzulu-nye nonke, kodwa kwangaxeshanye undiphe ngentliziyo uhlobo.

Omnye umsebenzi ekuqaleni Manzoni - poemetto "ngokoyisa inkululeko." Kulo msebenzi, i sonneteer aspiring wagxeka iindlela zokufundisa ekhokela izikolo kunye nootitshala somaschi oobawo Barnobitov. Lo mfana umangalela kubemi ukuba ezikhuthazwa zazo ngokuchasene neenjongo French Revolution. Emva koko, ukusuka ebuhlanti uhamba kspell "Ngomhla ubomi wabe." Alessandro wabhala idyll "Adda", apho wamema ngohlobo bokuhlala wembongi Vincenzo Monti abahlala intsapho yakhe. Emva koko, abafundi Uqhelene "Ukufundisa" eziliqela, apho umbhali ngendlela satirical wabahleka nokwehla zokuziphatha eluntwini mihla.

Ekuseni, umsebenzi wakhe Manzoni uyayiqonda ukuba kunzima kangakanani na ukuba ubhale "moralizing" umsebenzi leyo enze umsebenzi wokufundisa iminyaka emininzi.

Nalapha, eParis

Xa ngo-1805 uyise wafa Alessandro, imbongi ugqiba ukuba ashiye capital French kunina. Apho, waba ngakumbi benamandla iingcamango uVoltaire kunye ixesha elininzi eladlelana iimbongi nababhali. Xa iNkundla yoluntu isiFrentshi, ngoko wenza ibonwe umbhali ezibini. Le yokuqala zakhiwe isimbo lwamandulo, yaye okwesibini wabhala wokuwonga elaa utata oswelekileyo Bala Imbonati, inxalenye enkulu wepropati apho unawo imbongi Italian. Yaba ngeli xesha, Mandzoni Alessandro, umsebenzi wakhe waziwa kakuhle kubemi-siqithi, aqalile uhlaziye nezenkolo, ajike abe Catholic wokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, eli candelo yokomoya ebomini imbongi ngumfazi wakhe impembelelo ebalulekileyo.

Ngowe-1807 Maestro wagqiba umsebenzi kwi poemetto "Urania", apho ke waphinda wagxininisa mission "lemfundo" kwimibongo. Lo msebenzi, yagqiba phakathi njengobuxoki: nguthixo Jupiter, i lezisa kunye yena.

drama endle

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yeshumi ngenkulungwane ye-19, Alessandro Manzoni egqibezela ukubhala ezibuhlungu "Count Carmagnola", umxholo yaye kuchasene yonke imigaqo iincwadi yamandulo. Le mveliso uziqhele iingxoxo itshiswa nokuxambulisana.

Ngowe-1822 wapapasha elinye Intlekele ekuchubekeni Italian "Adelchi". Wobuciko ligcwele amanqaku ngembali kwaye ichaza Inqanaba lokugqibela le-Lombard ubunganga e-Italy.

umbhali

Njengoko sele iyakugxininisa ncam waduma kungekuphela nje yimbongi wemidlalo. Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba Mandzoni Alessandro - ngumbhali kweenoveli. Ngowe-1927 yanyatheliswa umsebenzi othi "Ungumyeni ', nto leyo amenza midlalo okukhulu. Eli bali uthando, apho zimanyene iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zembali, wamthanda kunye inani elikhulu labafundi.

impilo Personal

Ekuqaleni zaphuhliswa ebomini lobuqu Alessandro Manzoni kaThixo. Yinto sisiganeko umdla ngobomi bakhe. Emva ngo-1807, waya Genoa ukuba woo intombazana Luigino Visconti.

Kodwa umtshato zange zenzeke. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva kokuba imbongi nahlukene wayekulungele affiance kunye intombi odumileyo Williams de Tracy. Kodwa oku ukuzama ukwenza amalungiselelo ubomi bakhe buqu aluphumelelanga. Njengoko omnye onyuliweyo Alessandro Manzoni (umbhali) okhethiweyo oselula Enrikettu Blondel, uyise bhanki kunye nengqinisekiso enkulu. Winter 1808 ibanjelwe emtshatweni wabo. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva intsapho waya eParis, yaye ekupheleni kuka-1809 baba intombi - Dzhulieya-kaKlawudiyo Kesare. Emva kokuhlala eParis, Alessandro kunye nentsapho yakhe emva eMilan. Umbhali wazalwa abantwana abaninzi: Pietro, Christina, Sofia, uEnrico Clara, Victoria, uFilippo, Matilda.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Akuba ezinzile lakubo ngo 1810, Manzoni uqala ukuphila ubomi yodwa, manqaphanqapha ukubonakala esidlangalaleni. Waye wachitha ixesha elininzi emyezweni lwabo lwasekhaya, ukuthatha unonophelo nemisipres, magnolias kunye hydrangeas.

Emva kwethuba Alessandro kwafuneka ukuba iphumele kuthotho lweziganeko ezibuhlungu: umfazi wokuqala wafa, yaye ke 30 kwenkulungwane ye-19, wafa abanye abantwana bakhe kunye nonina. Iyithathela kwakhona, eli xesha umhlolokazi Count Teresa Borri.

Umbhali wafa May 22, 1873 eMilan. Yena ubambe umngcwabo ngobuhle, nto leyo yayizinyaswe ngamagosa aphezulu Italy.