Arles, France: inkcazelo, ezinika

Arles City - enye enkulu ePovence (France). It zisendaweni indawo km² 758 kwi ogudle ye-Rhône, nje entshona Marseille. Esi sixeko saziwa iziza yawo yamandulo. Ukongeza, abakhenkethi abaninzi apha kuthetha ithuba ukubona umzi apho wayehlala yaye esebenza kakhulu Van Gogh.

Ukusuka kwimbali sixeko

Kumaxesha amandulo le dolophu eFransi ingabizwa ngokwahlukileyo - Arelate. abemi bayo bokuqala Ligurians. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo mzi waba kwizibuko yorhwebo, apho kamva (123 BC. E.) amaRoma wathatha phezu. Emva kokuba ukwakhiwa emjelweni, leyo enxibelelene umzi ukuya kuLwandle lweMeditera, Arelate waba yokuhlala ngobuchule kakhulu, nangona obuphantsi Massilia (namhlanje Marseille), ibekwe kunxweme.

Ebudeni bemfazwe kaKesare nxamnye UPompey, uKesare wathabatha icala abemi, owathi, emva uloyiso wamnika amalungelo Arelate ezininzi. Kwisixeko kwakukho inkampu kummandla lesithandathu, eyayilithânga Veterans. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo Arles yangoku yaba liziko enkolo nenkcubeko obalulekileyo Narbonne eGaul - kwiphondo laseRoma. Ngoko ke waqalisa ukusasazeka kobuKristu e eGaul.

I-IV-V kwiinkulungwane uMlawuli uConstantine ndazakhela sokuhlambela. Kungekudala yena wazalwa unyana wakhe - Constantine II. Ngenkulungwane VI, amaVisigoth oyiswe wabatshabalalisa umzi, yaye amandla 739 Arelate wadlulela Arabhu. Nge 934 of Arles ngo-1032 saba likomkhulu zobukumkani Arles. Esi sixeko walahlekelwa inkululeko yayo kwezopolitiko 1239 kwaye ehlonyelwe okwilizwe Provencal, ukulahlekelwa ixabiso uyezibuko eyintloko Marseille.

Ukususela ngo 1481 lo mzi waba yinxalenye eFransi. Arles Uqoqosho waya ukuhla kwenkulungwane XV kade, kwaye yaba yenye yeedolophu zephondo olusemazantsi eFransi. Namhlanje ke neziko elibalulekileyo kushishino lwezolimo waseFransi. Kukho iimyuziyam ezininzi, ezinika zembali kunye yokwakha, uninzi ezifakwe kuluhlu bezenkcubeko elilifa yi-UNESCO. Ukuze ufunde kubo, kufuneka wenze uhambo ukuya kumazantsi eFransi. Oku kulapho ungabona yezikhumbuzo ezizodwa onwabele umoya yimbali.

Arles, France ezinika umdla zotyelelo

Yintoni ephawulekayo lo mzi? The South of France luphawulwa zemveli ezi iindawo zophuhliso lwedolophu - izindlu ezincinane ofudumeleyo ezenziwe ngezitena ezimhlophe, nto leyo zigqunywe iithayile ebomvu, kunye nemivalo oluhlaza - ngoku khangela iindawo of Arles. Phakathi izindlu iindlela ezaphukileyo kwemithi engasemlanjeni, apho njalo nice ukuphumla kwizitulo bekhululekile.

Kwaye ke kumbindi dolophu izakhiwo laseRoma yamandulo, apho abahambi ezininzi Arles nye.

yemidlalo

Pearl kunye enye ezinika ezingundoqo ukuba lo mzi edumileyo eFransi, i amphitheatre ungumRoma. Abaphandi bathi ukuba yakhiwa ngo-46 BC. Mandulo ukuba kwibala apho zaye zabanjwa nokulwa gladiator. Le nkundla ongase malunga 25,000 ababukeli. Apha yathathwa i Hollywood film edume "Gladiator".

Xa VI Ngenkulungwane AD, i-amphitheatre aguqulwa - oko eyaguqukayo yaba iinqaba zokubonisela. Zonke neengqameko kunye kwiipaseji babekwa phezulu kwakukho iimboniselo overbuilt. Ngaphakathi inqaba kukho Izindlwana amabini kunye nezindlu 200. Le nkundla engundoqo kwindawo engundoqo.

Kwaye kuphela kwinkulungwane XIX yaqala ukubuyisela imbonakalo lokuqala izakhiwo yamandulo. Namhlanje luphawu yesixeko, omnye ethandwa kakhulu futhi batyelela izikhumbuzo zakhe. Apha wabeka iqala opera kwaye kuqhutywa kabini Ukulwa ngonyaka.

Cathedral

Ukuba kwenzeka ukutyelela kumazantsi eFransi, ngoko mhlawumbi uya kumangaliswa inani elikhulu iitempile kunye amabandla kule ndawo lincinane. Enye nokutsala umzi, nto leyo usoloko abakhenkethi ke Cathedral of St. Trofim.

Le isembindini kweso sixeko, ecaleni izakhiwo mandulo waseRoma. Cathedral Arles (France), wakha kwisiza apho eyayifudula isakhiwo yamandulo ngakumbi - eSt Stephen kaThixo Cathedral (BC ngenkulungwane V ..). Ngaloo mihla ubuKristu eYurophu kwakusekho wawuvaliwe, yaye Trofim engcwele yaba lokuqala nomthombo walo, kuba ubhishophu, kwaye ahlawulwa ngobomi bakhe - Trofim ngenkohlakalo ngamatye.

Umbingeleli, ukholo, lamiselwa. ezingcwele zayo zadluliselwa ibandla 1152, yaye kwangaxeshanye labizwa ngokuba yecawa. Ukususela ngo-1981, le yecawa e Arles, wangena UNESCO World List Heritage. Ukuvuka kukaKristu, iTestamente Endala kunye ngembali yobomi emhlabeni uTrofimo ongcwele uStefano baba izihloko eziphambili woonongendi kobhaliso.

necropolis

Alyscamps - antique necropolis baseRoma, apho bamngcwaba ngabemi amanene. Kubonakele kwakhona indawo yakhe yokuphumla yokugqibela, kwaye Trofim engcwele. KuMbindi Ages abemi azizityebi of Arles ungathanda Alyscamps yaba indawo yazo lokugqibela yokuphumla.

Ngcembe ukwandisa isixeko Arles, xa XI-XIII kwenkulungwane, inani yabemi balo landa kakhulu. Kwi emangcwabeni ubudala iicawa ezininzi ezincinane, apho kuphela mabhodlo ugcinwe namhlanje. Ngenkulungwane XVIII Alyscamps lwaba i emoyeni imyuziyam evulekileyo. Kodwa ke ngo-1848 yinxalenye kaloliwe sabekwa, leyo yayikukwaphula isidima lomculo.

Ngenxa yokuba ekuhambeni kwexesha isixeko eFransi iye yandiswa kakhulu imida yayo, lo necropolis ngomnye wemimandla engundoqo komzi. Namhlanje, isakhiwo Museum yi nasezirhangeni, leyo yabakho kumacala omabini sarcophagi ezininzi. Oku kukhokelela ibandla St. Honoratus. Le ndawo sele waphefumlela kwi umsebenzi Gauguin no Van Gogh, ngubani zipeyintwe naye canvases zakhe.

yamaRoma

Esi sakhiwo zindala kwisixeko Arles (France). yeqonga yamaRoma yakhiwa ebudeni bolawulo Augustus. Yena waba yokuhlala-enamanqanaba 33, ingathatha malunga 8000 ababukeli. KumaXesha Aphakathi, le nkundla ibuye ibe ambiwa kuyo; ilitye, esiziswe evela wamaRoma Theatre, yayakhiwe kodonga lwesixeko eso. Ukususela udonga elingasemva ndawo a imihlathi embalwa aye alondolozwa namhlanje.

Uninzi izinto ezenziwe ezifunyaniswe archeologists kwindawo yokubonela namhlanje kunokubonwa phakathi komzi Art Museum kunye Louvre. Umfanekiso we Venus of Arles, kwakunye sculpture uthixokazi uArtemis, leyo yabhaqwa 1651, zigqalwa ezafunyanwa zexabiso.

emachibini thermal

Le complex wena ngokuqinisekileyo uya Siyaleza kutyelela baloo dolophu, xa ufika e Arles. France endaweni yayo iye izakhiwo eziliqela ezifanayo, kodwa ezintsonkothileyo, ngokutsho iingcali, yengcono abalondolozwa bonke. Mnths obushushu, sithwele igama uConstantine, zakhiwa kwinxalenye esemantla mzi. Ukuze imihla yethu yodederhu kanye omkhulu izakhiwo lowo uhleliyo, ukubonakala ngathi Ibhotwe, ugcinwe kancinane.

Abbey Monmazhur

Esi sakhiwo tell, ibekwe-5 km ukusuka kwidolophu Arles (France), omi phezu kwentaba ematyeni. Ngaphandle Abbey Monmazhur ufana inqaba. Kuye kwakhiwa kwindawo X ngenkulungwane kwaye ingqalelo eYurophu (kumaXesha Aphakathi), enye yezona ndawo lundwendwe kakhulu batyelela. Le ezinye yoonongendi kummandla elasekwa iimonki ezazivela Abbey Monmazhur.

Kumaxesha amandulo, emfuleni, iinduli ezingqongileyo, sele amanzi, kodwa ke amanzi phambi kokuba nokwakhiwa weemonki. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII e Abbey yobuciko kwakhiwa njengoko zindlu zakhiwe kwinkulungwane XII, yawa azisalungiseki. Ngo-1786 i umphathi Rohan ebebizwe wona ngowama i "yomqala" kwaye kuvalwe Abbey, uninzi impahla icawa lathathwa abasemagunyeni baloo mzi kwaye athengiswe.

olondolozo lwembali

Kulo mzi French iindawo ezininzi umdla. Musa ukucinga ukuba kuphela izakhiwo laseRoma yamandulo uya kumangaliswa Arles (France). Yintoni ukubona esixekweni, ukongeza kula zesikhumbuzo? Siyaleza ukutyelela imyuziyam Arlatan, eyasekwa yi kaNobel ngumbhali kaNobel Frederic Mistral ngo-1896. A lesikhumbuzo kuye elimiswe kummandla Forum.

Le myuziyam unalo ingqokelela omhle amaxwebhu, imizobo, impahla yokunxiba kunye nezinto ezithile Iwabemi Provence. Nantsi ke ukufika kwe Arles iimpahla abahlali zonke iiklasi zentlalo, ukususela ngenkulungwane XVIII ukuya leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Museum Réattu

In Arles Réattu qiniseka ukuba atyelele lolondolozo lwembali, nto leyo ibekwe woonongendi entle ngenkulungwane XV, phambi kwethuba Constantine. Uninzi lo mboniso ungqongqo umsebenzi XVIII eminyaka.

Ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi iindwendwe zale myuziyam uyawuthanda sculpture "Mfazi kunye Violin" yi uPicasso, kwakunye 57 imizobo yakhe yenziwe ngepensile elinombala kunye inki. Phakathi iyahlekisa kunye nabantu bifurcated ungabona emangalisayo elula oluyintsusa lwe umlando unina wakhe. Kuba imyuziyam Réattu luNxweme kuthotho izibane indawo yokuhamba-hamba. Le wayemthanda kakhulu ukuhamba van Gogh.

Uninzi chibi kunye iBistro zalo nemivalo ngexesha lemfazwe (1942) latshabalala. Airstrikes lixhoba iJamani yamaNazi yaye baba "Yellow House", ukwakweli Square Lamartine, apho Van Gogh waphila ixesha elide.

Park of the Camargue

abathandi Nature kunandipha ubuhle National Park of the Camargue. Apha ungenza ukubukela indlela in vivo ukuziphatha bendawo flamingos pink, amadada zasendle, amahashe Camargue uhlobo ezinqabileyo.

Le paki intando charm kuwe uhlaza kwaye zahlukene. ngovuyo Uthatha indawo bahambahamba iindlela zayo enomthunzi kwaye uphefumle crystal-ngokucacileyo umoya.