Bangaphi kwizikhululo metro eMoscow? Phantsi Izikhululo komhlaba wokwakha eMoscow

Ihlabathi le Moscow Metro ihamba yodwa, onamandla, emini kunye novakalelo. Nangenxa Muscovites, yaye iindwendwe okungakumbi nje inxalenye yezibonelelo zothutho ezidolophini. Moscow Metro, kakade, abe oluthile lobugcisa kwaye nangokomoya ubukhulu. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba sele kudala laliqhelekile kuninzi abasebenzisi bayo. Awanalo ixesha lokucinga okanye ngaphezulu ngemibuzo abstract, okanye nokuba zingaphi kwizikhululo metro eMoscow. Zizinto nje lukhulu.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Kusondele asibhozo eminyaka ukususela, kokubini Moscow ngokufihlakeleyo sikaloliwe noololiwe ukuthutha abakhweli. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ixesha ukubala umhla kokugunyaziswa umgca engaphantsi lokuqala. Abakhweli yokuqala ayehamba Sokolniki ngo-1935. It wacofa kumbindi wesixeko kunye kummandla Sokolniki ukuya emntla-mpuma ngaphandle eyinkunzi. Kodwa ukuba ukwakha imetro yaqala kakhulu ngaphambili. Le nkqubo akupheli nkqu ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Sakha kule mini. Ngoko ke akukho lula ukuphendula umbuzo yindlela elula xa uqala, zingaphi kwizikhululo metro eMoscow. amanani azo ngokuzenzekelayo ziyanda. Njengoko ukwakhiwa iindawo ezintsha kwimiphetho kunye ukuvuselelwa kumbindi wesixeko wembali, kunye kuvela iibloko ezikhulayo kwaye isikhululo esitsha metro.

Ilishwa scheme ebabusisakha-ring

izicwangciso zophuhliso le Moscow Metro phantse asibhozo iminyaka ubukho bayo zitshintshile ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Wavuma ukuba abulawe kwi novalo kwenkqubo ebabusisakha-umsesane ukuya kwindawo kakuhle ezinikiweyo zokuhamba. Ukuze ixesha elide kwabonakala phantse ogqibeleleyo. Kodwa ke lobubi alo eboniswe ngonaphakade kakhulu ngakumbi ekuphuhliseni sixeko. Chief phakathi kwabo kwakukho into yokuba umkhweli traffic eziphambili kwiindawo peripheral enabantu abaninzi sisingise embindini, ukuya Circle Line. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuya kwisitishi oyifunayo ingaba utshintsho ezimbini kuphela. Isikhululo metro zinzulu e Moscow ise embindini nelembali esixekweni, yaye inyaniso ayikho lula uyilo kunye nolwakhiwo neenafu ezinkulu.

Ukutshintsha jikelele ingqiqo

Emva kocazululo ngenyameko yale meko, indlela jikelele kwicala yenkqubo yophuhliso phantsi komhlaba iguqulwe kancincane ukwakhiwa kwicala lwelayini Isingqi ukudibanisa ngqo kwiindawo eMoscow. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukutshintshela izikhululo kude Garden Ring kwaye ukuzithwalisa imithwalo emikhulu ukuhamba ethunyelwayo line abakhweli Khalisa. Inxalenye engundoqo umzi sele inikwa izibonelelo zothutho eyaneleyo. Kunazo esebenzayo Ulwakhiwo lwenziwa namhlanje ezisemaphandleni Izithili, enye endaweni yaye kufuneka kubekho entsha metro sikhululo eMoscow. imaphu yesixeko ngeendlela ezininzi sele Ndawela indlela ring xa libhekisela umda. akufuneki ukuba kukho isikhewu sexesha elide emva kuphuhliso sixeko imimandla emitsha Metro.

Bangaphi kwizikhululo metro eMoscow?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo kwenza ingqiqo kuphela ngokunxulumene umhla lwekhalenda oluthile. NgoMeyi 22, 2014 eMoscow Metro inomgca yokusebenza ezilishumi apho kukho izikhululo 194. Kufuneka sithandabuze ukuba inani labo kunye nabanye liza kunyuka kwixesha elizayo. Phantsi zokwakha Izikhululo komhlaba eMoscow njengangoku afumaneka kumbindi wesixeko kwiziza ezikhoyo kunye Izandiso ebabusisakha kwicala kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Ukubeka lwelayini komhlaba kwiindawo ezininzi kunabela ngaphaya kwendlela ikhonkco kwicala yasendle.

Ngomhla sesakhiwo le Moscow Metro

Architecture ne umhombiso izikhululo ezininzi Moscow Metro wenza babe yinxalenye ngokungagungqiyo lemveli lenkcubeko yesizwe. Xa komhlaba eMoscow ngemisebenzi emininzi emangalisayo. imifanekiso ebonwayo ecacileyo, ukuba akukho lingana ehlabathini. Kakade ke, ingxelo enjalo ezikhathazayo. Kodwa sinokungqinelwa ngabo kwenzeka ukuba ezahlukahlukeneyo izixeko ehlabathini lonke. Aba bantu into ukuthelekisa emibonweni yabo. Ukuba zibe zintsha. Kodwa ke sesakhiwo imetro eMoscow wabungcamla amahla-ndinyuka, kwaye hayi zonke izikhululo yalo yobuciko.

Ukuzama ukuba asindise

station metro Public e Moscow, akhiwe kwi Arbat-Pokrovskaya, Zamoskvoretskaya kunye imigca Filevskaya ukuvelisa uluvo kwimeko entle kakhulu. Ingongoma apha kukuba zazakhiwe kwesi sithuba ebizwa ngokuba le kumzabalazo wokulwa extravagances bokwakha. Ngesisombululo Party kunye norhulumente kwimbali ye Khrushchev thuba ijoliswe mali imali ze uvumele wena ukhethe ngokukhawuleza lokwenza walimisa isebenza omtsha Metro kumgca. Kodwa sesakhiwo kwakungenakwenzeka ingabonakali, ukuba aqhubeke functionalism bayo. Kakhulu ngeli xesha yayisekelwe ngemizobo eqhelekileyo. Eyokuqala, umasipala Isikhululo e Moscow, olu hlobo (oko kukuthi i "Meyi uSuku" Arbat-Pokrovskaya layini) Ngaba a nobuninzi ngokweekholamu holo. Kuba oku wanikwa isiteketiso Wayenyanisile - "centipede". umthetho Action on olahlwa zonganyelwe kuphela yee-ngeminyaka, xa izitishi komhlaba ukwakhiwa ngaphantsi eMoscow wabuya ubuso bakhe. Kodwa emva kwixesha lethu.

Phantsi Izikhululo metro yokwakha eMoscow

Isikhululo metro kwi elikomkhulu iza kuba kwixesha elizayo? Kuvunyiwe ngenkuthalo kwenziwa izicwangciso zokuphuhlisa ngaphantsi kwixesha ukuya ku-2020. Ukuvela izitishi ezintsha ekufuneka kulindeleke kumbindi aloo mzi, naphezu koqhubekeko imiyalelo ebabusisakha ukuya kwimida ethile. Ekupheleni kwalo nyaka kufuneka ufakwe ukusebenza izikhululo ezintsha ezintandathu kwicala kumantla Lublin-Dmitrov line. Sithetha Butyrskaya, Fonvizinskaya, District Tepliy, Upper Likhobory kunye nezikhululo Seliger. Ngowe-2017 ukuza ukusebenza Solntsevo umhlaba umgca phakathi izitishi "Victory Park" yaye "Ramenky" izikhululo intermediate "Lomonosov Ithemba" yaye "Minsk". Kwaye ngowama-2019 kuya kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba badlulisele i-esibizwa line, "Tretyakov" kwi "Umbindi Business" ngenxa station "Volkhonka", "Plyushchikha" yaye "Kutuzov Ithemba".

Solntsevo and esibizwa umgca kwixesha elizayo kufuneka ukudibanisa ku omnye. Omdala e Moscow metro Sokolnicheskaya uya kuqhubeka "Salaryevo" kunye Tagansky radius - kwisikhululo "Kotelniki". Xa zizonke, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukusebenza start-line of ekuthiwa-metro ukukhanya kwicala kwezixeko ipoma ukuya ku-2020 e Moscow, kufuneka ubone izitishi ezintsha 79. Kwiminyaka elandelayo sihlelwe ulwandiso Solntsevskiy radius ngendlela Novoperedelkino kunye Riga - bucala Chelobitevo. Isikhululo metro eMoscow iya kubakho emva 2020, siya ayaziwa.

Line ngxoxo wesithathu kwisekethe

Ukuze esemi xekweni sele phantsi indlela ekuphuhliseni imisebenzi kunye nokwakhiwa kwimigca emine chordate isebenza kunye ngohlangothi amacandelo kunye ndzhendzheleko eyodwa elivaliweyo. Vala yokugqibezela kwicandelo lokuqala chordal phakathi kwizikhululo "Lower Maslivka" yaye "Business Centre". Kufuneka laphehlelelwa yokugqibela kwikota ka-2015. imigca ezine wesekethe yotshintshiselwano wesithathu kubandakanya ukuhlengahlengisa zizithuthi basis indlela. Ukuba kubonakala kufanelekile omnye kweendlela ukwenza ikhonkco, eMoscow metro eya kusebenza owesibini ngomsesane umgca.

emgodini Easy

Impendulo umbuzo malunga bangaphi kwizikhululo kwimetro eMoscow, ngakumbi nzima emva kokuba bangene amandla a imigca metro ukukhanya ebaleka kwicala iidolophu ezinkulu ipoma ezifana Khimki, Podolsk, Dolgoprudny, Reutov kunye Mytischi. Akucaci nokuba okanye ukuba zingathumeli ikampu inkqubo yothutho elizenzekelayo le Moscow Metro. ehamba Easy kubandakanya ukuhlengahlengisa yezithuthi kaloliwe okhoyo ipoma Tracy okanye, ukuba Nngokobuchwepheshe akwenzeki, ebeka imigca ezintsha ngokunxuseneyo kaloliwe. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ezi ndlela ziqhutywa ngayo imimandla exclusion kaloliwe.

Ngu abazeleyo Uloliwe metro lula ziya kwahluka kuphela lokuphumla ubuncinane zokuthumela oololiwe kunye nokulungiswa kaloliwe ngendlela ehambelana ezifunyenweyo kwinkqubo engaphantsi. Loliwe uya kufika kwizikhululo zikaloliwe kunye nezikhululo zikaloliwe wezinto zakomkhulu. Inkqubo lonke Skytrain iza kuhlanganiswa inkqubo yeli Moscow Metro, nto leyo engxakini ecacileyo. Kodwa olu hlobo sicombululo technical konga unemali eninzi kwaye kuvumela ixesha elifutshane ukunika amakhonkco zothutho ethembekileyo kwidolophu enkulu ipoma ogama abahlali ukuhamba uye kusebenza kwikomkhulu.