Bombay ziyenzeka - yintoni na le nto?

Umzimba womntu yaziwa ngokuba ubunjalo yayo. Ngenxa izakhi ezahlukeneyo, kwenzeka mihla le emizimbeni yethu, siba ngamnye, njengoko abathile imiqondiso sizuza, zahluke kakhulu kwezo zinto yangaphandle nangaphakathi zabanye abantu. Ngokuphathelele kule group gazi.

Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba alabe libe ngeentlobo 4. Noko ke, kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa wafumanisa ukuba umntu lowo ukuba elinye iqela igazi (ngenxa iimpawu genetic yabazali), ohluke kakhulu, ezithile. Loo nto imangalisayo ubizwa ngokuba "Bombay ngumkhuba".

Yintoni na?

Eli gama ukuqonda yofuzo. Inqabile kakhulu - 1 kwimeko nganye kubantu abazizigidi ezilishumi. Bombay phenomenon got igama layo ukusuka kwisixeko Indian Bombay.

E India, kukho isivumelwano, abantu leyo yinto exhaphakileyo, "chimeric" lwegazi. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukuzimisela antigen legazi elibomvu ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo kunokubangela ibonisa, umzekelo, iqela lesibini, kodwa eneneni ngenxa yemfuza kwi umntu wokuqala.

Oku kungenxa yokuba kusekwe ngababini sofuzo yabantu N. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba umntu - heterozygous le gene, hayi ngaba kubonakala ngelo xesha umqondiso, a allele sofuzo ayikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo. Ngenxa badibanise zofuzo umzali benziwa iperi yemfuza sofuzo, kunye Bombay kwenzeka.

Njani, ke ngoko, uphuhliso wayo?

History of ziyenzeka

A meko efanayo iye yachazwa kwiincwadi zempilo ezininzi, kodwa, kuphantse ukuba kulo phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-20, akukho bani owaziyo kutheni oku kuyenzeka.

Le indida yabhaqwa Indiya ngo-1952. Ugqirha owenza isifundo, waphawula ukuba abazali ezithile egazini (uyise yaba yeyokuqala, nonina - wesibini), waba wazalwa umntwana wesithathu.

Wayithanda ngulo mba, ugqirha wakwazi ukufumanisa ukuba umzimba uyise wakwazi lokuziguqula ithile, eyenza kube lula ekholelwa ukuba kukho iqela lokuqala. ukuguqulwa ezingeyomfuneko kubangelwe kukungabikho enzyme ukuba nokulungelelanisa iproteni umdla, nto leyo iza kunceda ukuqinisekisa iantigens efanelekileyo. Noko ke, ngelo xesha enzyme, ngoko iqela ayikwazanga ahlolwe.

Lo mkhuba abameli ugqatso yaseYurophu kakhulu inqabile. amaninzi elininzana, unako ukufumana eendaba "igazi Bombay" e-India.

Theory of ngemvelaphi igazi Bombay

Enye iingcamango ezingundoqo ukuvela iqela elikhethekileyo ngegazi kuguquka chromosomal. Ngokomzekelo, umntu lwegazi yesine recombination of alleles kwi zofuzo kunokwenzeka. Oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokusekwa gametes zofuzo ezibangela ilifa amaqela igazi, ungahambisa kule ndlela ilandelayo: genes A no-B iya kuba gamete (ngayinye uyakwazi ukufumana naliphi iqela ngaphandle kuqala) kunye nezinye i gamete akayi kuthwala zofuzo unoxanduva lokusoloko egade iqela igazi . Kwimeko enjalo ke gametes ilifa kunokwenzeka ngaphandle ezisegazini.

Xihinga kuphela ukusasazeka kwayo kukuba uninzi lwaba gametes kufa ngaphandle kokwenza embryogenesis. Noko ke, mhlawumbi, abanye usinde, yaye emva koko ikhuthaza ukuyilwa igazi Bombay.

waphula kunokwenzeka zofuzo kunye nokusasazwa kwinqanaba le elilodwa okanye umbungu (ngenxa kwephulwa ukutya koomama okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo utywala).

Indlela yophuhliso yale meko

Njengokuba kuthiwe, konke oko kuxhomekeke yemfuza.

kweejini yabantu (iseti zonke zofuzo zayo) kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi-umzali, okanye ngaphezulu kanye, olunjani iimpawu sidlulile ngabazali kubantwana.

Ukuba ukhangela nzulu nokwakhiwa antigen, kunokuthi kubonwe ukuba udidi ngegazi njengelifa kubazali bobabini. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba omnye wabo kuqala, enye - wesibini, umntwana uya kuba omnye kuphela kula maqela. Ukuba ekuphuhliseni Bombay nesenzeko, yonke into eyenzekayo ngokwahlukileyo kancinci:

• Igazi gene ezilawulwa yesibini kwaye linoxanduva Yindibanisela iantigens ethile - A. Eyokuqala, okanye zero, akukho izakhi ezithile.
• Yolungelelwaniso Kwaye ngenxa yesenzo mmandla chromosome iantigens H unoxanduva umahluko.
• Ukuba kukho ukusilela kwinkqubo yommandla DNA, i awakwazi kakuhle umahluko, ngenxa yokuba oko umntwana ukufumana evela kumzali iantigens A, uphinde okwesibini ukumisela akayi kuba nako kweejini isibini le allele (ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuba oko nn). Eli nyathelo ofihla sofuzo umphunga inxenye A, apho umntwana iqela lokuqala.

Ukuba zonke iimeko, oku kwenzeka ukuba inkqubo ziphambili zijongwayo Bombay nesenzeko - epistasis sofuzo.

intsebenziswano non-allelic

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, isiseko isenzeko kukho Bombay intsebenziswano gene nonallelic - epistasis. Olu hlobo ilifa yahlukile kuloo gene mnye ayisayicinezeli sisenzo komnye, kwanokuba allele enkulu evelele.

Isiseko genetic yokuba isenzeko iyakhula Bombay - epistasis. Le peculiarity yale hlobo ilifa sofuzo epistatic oko kunamandla kunolo hypostatic, kodwa nokumisela iqela yegazi. Ngoko inhibitor isakhi luvelisa ingcinezelo lingenako ziyile nawuphi na mfanelo. Ngenxa yoku, umntwana ozalwa "hayi" lwegazi.

intsebenziswano enjalo yemfuza, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba ubukho allele sofuzo ukusuka ngumzali omnye. Kuluchaphazela kusini na uphuhliso elinjalo igazi, noko ke ndithanda ngokukodwa ke akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuyitshintsha. Ngoko ke, abo abe Bombay ngumkhuba yenkqubo yobomi bemihla ngemihla sithi makubekho imithetho ethile, bebona ukuba abantu abanjalo Usenokuphila ubomi eliqhelekileyo, yaye kungabi ukoyika ngenxa yempilo yabo.

Ingakumbi ubomi babantu nalo wezakhi

Ngokubanzi, abantu-abathwali Bombay igazi akukho ezahlukeneyo ukusuka njengesiqhelo. Noko ke, kuvela iingxaki xa kufuneka gazi (ukusebenza nzima, ingozi okanye isifo kwinkqubo yegazi). Ngenxa ubume ethile antigenic aba bantu abakwazi kumthululela elinye igazi ngaphandle Bombay. amaxesha amaninzi ezi iimpazamo zenzeka kwiimeko kakhulu, xa kungekho ithuba lokufunda uhlalutyo iiseli yesigulane ebomvu ngokupheleleyo.

Quiz show, umzekelo, iqela lesibini. Xa ukutofelwa igazi ukuba umguli kweli qela inokuphuhlisa hemolysis intravascular, zize ekufeni. Kungenxa yale ukungavumelani antigen iimfuno isigulane kuphela igazi Bombay, ehlala iinkawu efanayo banabo.

Aba bantu babe neminyaka eli-18 ukuya balondoloze igazi labo, wandule ke ukuba ikhefu kwimeko elililo. Ezinye iinkalo ezifanayo emzimbeni aba bantu abanayo. Ngenxa yoko, sinokuthi lo mkhuba eBombay - i 'yokuphila' kunokuba sisifo. Ukuze siphile naye kangangoko kunokwenzeka, zifanele ziqonde "nokwahluka" zabo kuphela.

Iingxaki ne ngubaba

Bombay simo - i "njengesiphango umtshato." Ingxaki ephambili kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba ukumiselwa lukatata, ngaphandle izifundo ezizodwa akunakwenzeka lokubonisa ubukho isenzeko.

Ukuba ngequbuliso umntu igqibe ukucacisa ubudlelwane, ngoko qiniseka ukuba amazise ukuba ubukho kunokwenzeka ye kuguquka enjalo. Uvavanyo umdlalo yemfuza kwityala enjalo kufuneka izakuphinda yandiswe, kunye isifundo ubume antigenic igazi kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Kungenjalo, unina womntwana ebaleka ingozi yokuba wedwa, kungekho indoda.

Lo mkhwa nikucikide kuphela ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo yemfuza kunye nokuzimisela yeqela lohlobo ilifa. Uphononongo lubiza kakhulu kwaye ingasebenzi ukusetyenziswa langoku ngokubanzi. Ngoko ke, xa umntwana uzelwe neqela igazi eyahlukileyo kufuneka ingakrokreleka Bombay ngumkhuba ngoko nangoko. Hayi umsebenzi olula, kuba bayazi ngalo mbandela inqwaba yabantu.

Bombay igazi kwaye izehlo layo ngoku

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, abantu igazi Bombay zinqabile. E Caucasians, olu hlobo igazi phantse akwenzeki; AmaHindu eli gazi ixhaphake kakhulu (nge-avareji, baseYurophu izehlo eli gazi - mzekelo omnye kubantu abazizigidi ezili-10 nganye). Kukho ingcamango yokuba le meko ikhula iba namandla awohluke yesizwe zonqulo amaHindu.

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba India inkomo isilwanyana engcwele kunye nenyama yayo angenakudliwa. ngenxa mhlawumbi yokuba komo iqulethe antigen athile ezinokubangela utshintsho ikhowudi yezofuzo, igazi Bombay rhoqo ibonakala. BaseYurophu Abantu abaninzi badla inyama yenkomo, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze ukuvela thiyori kwezithandani of iantigens sofuzo sofuzo epistatic.

Mhlawumbi ngenxa yempembelelo iimeko zemozulu, nangona kunjalo, le thiyori ngoku efundwayo, ngoko ubungqina yokugwetyelwa yayo.

Ukubaluleka igazi Bombay

Ngelishwa, ngalo igazi Bombay ngoku weva ezimbalwa. Le meko ke yaziwa zegazi kuphela kunye izazinzulu abasebenza kwicandelo zobunjineli yemfuza. bazi kuphela malunga eBombay ngumkhuba ukuba, ukuthi kuziveza ngayo ngokwayo, kwaye kufuneka xa ekuboneni. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwambula unobangela ngqo kulo mba.

Ukuba ulijonga ngokwembono zazivelela, igazi Bombay yinto esibi. Abantu abaninzi ukuze sisinde ngamanye amaxesha ukuba utofelo okanye indawo. Xa ubukho Bombay igazi ubunzima kwezopolitiko lingakwazi ukubuyisela uhlobo igazi. Ngenxa yoko, badla ukuphuhlisa iziphumo sibulale abantu abanjalo.

Ukuba ujonga kwelinye icala ingxaki, kunokwenzeka ukuba igazi Bombay ecolekileyo ngaphezu igazi ubume iantigens eqhelekileyo. iimpahla zazo ayiqondakali ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke asikwazi sithi yintoni na lo mkhuba eBombay - sisiqalekiso okanye isipho.