Design: Yintoni na kwaye kusetyenziswa apho. Inkcazo kunye esisiseko

Umbutho yomsebenzi lwamashishini kumacandelo amaninzi kuqoqosho ibandakanya ukuphunyezwa koyilo. Ziziphi iimpawu kule nkqubo? Yintoni na amacandelo kokuba zimelwe?

Yintoni design?

Yintoni kuqondwe elithi "design"? Yintoni na amaxwebhu yona? Xa siqwalasela eqhelekileyo phakathi ukutyhilwa ingcali le mbono ahambelanayo, kunokwenziwa isigqibo ukuba uyilo - isikakhulu kwindlela yamalungelo zengqesho. It enokwenziwa ngabantu abamele ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi. Design liyakwazi abakhi, badwelisi benkqubo, abezoqoqosho, mthetho. Kwimeko nganye, ziya kuphuhliswa yi uyilo emele ezininzi kuThixo ubuchule ezahlukileyo, iimpawu okanye parameters ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe iinjongo ezahlukeneyo.

Le projekthi ingaba yinxalenye yenkqubo enkulu, isicwangciso soshishino, isicwangciso. Kulo mzekelo, oko yenzelwe ukuba liqulathe ubuchule ukusombulula imisebenzi ethile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwale nkqubo. Isiphumo loyilo uba ukuphuhlisa amaxwebhu evumela ukuba aququzelele imveliso, ulwakhiwo into, ukuphunyezwa kwayo kwifomu efunekayo - umzekelo, ekwimo inkqubo yekhompyutha okanye isenzo somthetho, xa kufikwa ukubhala umthetho. Ngoko ke, lo gama kumbuzo, a esebenzayo jikelele kuluhlu olubanzi zomthetho.

Yintoni ifakiwe kwinkqubo yoyilo?

Funda iziseko loyilo, iyavakala ukuhlawula ingqalelo into angamelwa iinxalenye inkqubo yayo. Ngokuhambelana kunye nendlela eqhelekileyo phakathi kweengcali, ukuze nala malungu alandelayo:

• kuyilo algorithm;
• design izixazululo eliphakathi;
• yoko.

Phantsi uyilo algorithm bendiqonda uluhlu ethile imimiselo kunye namacebo phantsi apho iingcali abanobuchule kufuneka yenze imisebenzi yayo. Oko kwenzelwa izinto ezininzi, nangenxa ingxenye ngabanye.

Emva uyilo algorithm, abasebenzi abanobuchule usenokukhupha design izixazululo yethutyana - oluchazwa ngayo into, eyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo kwezikim kunye neemfuno ukuba ichazwe kwisigaba sokuqala inkqubo umbuzo. Iingcali, zenza uyilo inkqubo, ingasetyenziswa njengoko izisombululo standard, kwakunye nezo ukuba zipapashwe ngethuba ukusebenza ngqo kule projekthi yangoku.

Emva kokuba wesekethe esiphakathi bafunda kakuhle, ngokusekelwe kwezi ziphumo wabumba uyilo: oko kuya kwenziwa isethi yamaxwebhu afunekayo ukulungiselela ukwenziwa kweemveliso, ulwakhiwo isakhiwo okanye isakhiwo, ukuphunyezwa kwayo nayiphi na enye into scheme luncedo isicelo kuqoqosho.

Ngaloo ndlela, injongo loyilo thaca kwi-sikhokelo yenkqubo esiye sayiqwalasela na uphuhliso amaxwebhu zobugcisa ezifunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa koqoqosho into ethile. Njengenxenye yale nkqubo kunokuba ingxelo esebenzayo phakathi yomthengi yokulungelelanisa izinto ezithile kokuyilwa algorithm, iyalele ukwamkelwa izigqibo ezithile, iziphumo kubulawa.

Ngenxa yoko, emva kokukhutshelwa amaxwebhu eprojekti ukuba isityalo okanye enye ubudlelwane izibonelelo uguqulo industrial phakathi yento amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kwaye developer ziya kuba ncinci. Enyanisweni, ukuba iqalwa kuphela xa umthengi naziphi na iingxaki eziphathekayo ekuphunyezweni izikimu ecetywayo namaxwebhu, ukuba mayenziwe. Kodwa silapha, njengokuba umthetho, i ukunqunyanyiswa le projekthi malunga nokuphunyezwa kwayo ngohlobo imveliso kunye nolwalathiso kwamaxwebhu iprojekthi uhlaziyo enkulu.

Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi iphambili umbutho ozibandakanye kuyilo - ukulungisa kakhulu olunzulu nangengqwalasela zibonise iimfuno iseti umthengi ngayo amaxwebhu. Isisombululo sale ngxaki ifuna ngaphezu kwazo zonke iingcali abafanelekayo kakhulu lesiGqeba le nkampani, kwakunye indlela onoxanduva ukusebenza inxalenye yawo.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uyilo kwisistim kuphunyezwa kwindawo ezahlukehlukeneyo, into eqhelekileyo kungathathwa isicelo sale kota ku ekwakhiweni. Makhe sibone ukuba kwenzeke njani le nkqubo kuchaphazela ukusebenza kweenkqubo kumacandelo achaphazelekayo kuqoqosho.

Ukuyila ekwakheni

Ukuyila ekwakhiweni - weyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo yeengcali abanobuchule, waqonda ukwenzela ukulungiselela amaxwebhu ngokusekelwe apho bekumele ukuba ziphumeze isicwangciso sokwakha. Sithetha ukuyilwa amaxwebhu projekthi, kwezinye iimeko kuxhaswa imithombo efanelekileyo ukuze zobunjineli.

Kukho ziyathathwa kwinqanaba izenzo osemthethweni nemigangatho yoyilo ukuze kufikelelwe kuwo amaxwebhu ephuhliswe ziingcali kwicandelo lokwakha. Ukuvavanywa umgangatho imithombo yedatha kwi njengekhrayitheriya iphawulwe liya kuba luhlolo yomphakathi okanye zabucala. Icandelo ibalulekileyo oyinxalenye yenkqubo yoyilo in ukwakhiwa - kuyilo. Siza kufunda iinkcukacha zayo ezithile.

Ukwakhiwa njengenxalenye yoyilo in ekwakhiweni

Ukwakhiwa kulo mzekelo kufuneka ozakuthathwa ulwalathiso ziingcali abanobuchule, nto leyo ehambisana kunye nokudalwa imizobo, imizobo, computer ngokupheleleyo okanye iiprojekthi zokwakha. Sithetha ukuyilwa, ngoko izakhiwo bento. Umzekelo - emalunga kweziseko zokwakha lwenkunzi.

Makhe sifunde ukuba ziziphi iintlobo angamelwa uyilo, yintoni na ngokwemeko iindlela eziqhelekileyo ukuhlelwa kwekota uphononongwayo.

uhlobo design

Uhlobo umsebenzi kumbuzo angamelwa kuyilo, ngokukodwa:

• iziseko engineering;
• e yezakhiwo kunye nokwakhiwa;
• ekucombululeni iingxaki nasezidolophini;
• entsimini loyilo;
• entsimini software.

Kukho iqela neminye imigaqo apho uyilo zingahlulwa. Ngenxa yoko, indlela asasazwa, njengako apho kungaba:

• esebenza;
• ngeyona ndlela;
• system.

Cinga iimpawu ukuqonda imeko efanelekileyo, igama elithi "uyilo": oko kukuthi, ngalinye iintlobo ezikhethiweyo olu hlobo lomsebenzi zabantu.

design uhlobo esebenzayo

inkqubo uthe ibandakanya ingqalelo uhlobo into nje umsebenzi yenethiwekhi eyahlukileyo. Ngaphezu koko, uyilo kunye nokuyifezekisa entsimini ethile kuqoqosho ngenxa yokuba akunakwenzeka ukwanelisa omnye umsebenzi into. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yokungena kwi isakhiwo sakhiwo akakwazi kakuhle indawo naluphi na uhlobo lwezibonelelo. Ngoko ke, uyilo izinto ngokuvumelana nemisebenzi yabo iya kwenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba kuphela bakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ofunekayo.

Indlela ekuqondeni kuyilo ivumela ukugxininiswa sisebenzayo ngokulandelelana ulungelelwaniso inkqubo lwezibonelelo. Ubukhulu becala wenziwa amaxwebhu yoyilo izinto ezingundoqo emva - ekuyileni izixhobo ezizisekondari.

design eyiyo

uhlobo kujongwa yenkqubo luphuhliso amaxwebhu, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimfuno zamaqela ezahlukeneyo zabemi. Umzekelo, kusenokuba abaqashi kwiziko yorhwebo, uzimisele ngokwandisa emva kokuba yakhiwe, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lwezibonelelo mveliso. Njengoko ukhetho - iintlobo saa of umoya. Ngokuba le nkampani lokuqala iza kuba nenzuzo ngakumbi, noko ukuthetha, inkqubo umoya-jet, owesibini - zeemoto. Le ikontraki kuya kufuneka, ngendlela enye okanye enye, ukuba bafune kwizibhambathiso phambi kokuba kuqaliswe technical uyilo umoya kwaye zinika amaqabane imodeli kangangoko ukwenzela ukuphunyezwa kwakhuthazwa yezakhiwo sakhiwo.

design uhlobo System

Uhlobo wathi nkqubo ibandakanya ukuhlanganiswa ezimbini zokuqala apho kunokwenzeka. Ukuziqhelisa, imeko enjalo akasoloko, kodwa ukuba iimeko kuyimfuneko, ukusungulwa Indlela ecwangcisekileyo yokukhawulelana kuyilo kusenokuba enqwenelekayo endizibumbeleyo le njongo. Cinga ngayiphi amatyala.

izinto design System singayenza ukuba:

• Injalo kumgaqo-siseko kungenzeka ukuba lisebenze ngokufanelekileyo becandelo lwezibonelelo inkqubo izisombululo ngenxa వెర్షనింగ్ uBhalo ubudlelwane ngamnye ngapha;
• ukuba umphuhlisi leprojekthi izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukulungiselela lo msebenzi ngo practice.

Kulo mzekelo, ukuphunyezwa kwe yoyilo nkqubo kunokwenzeka, yaye ikontraki linaloo ntsingiselo anikwe yokufunda esemgangathweni ngasinye izigaba yayo. Abo kungaba kakhulu okuninzi. Iza kuba luncedo ukuqwalasela uhlobo amanyathelo ezahlukeneyo ngokweenkcukacha.

izigaba design

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uluhlu amanyathelo ekuthethwa, evunywe yi-mthetho Russian ukulawula imigangatho yoyilo. Abo izipho;

• pre-ucwaningo;
• ekudaleni technical task;
• ukuyilwa zesindululo zobugcisa;
• ukuphunyezwa design udandalaziso;
• ukuqaphela Technical isakhiwo;
• uphuhliso amaxwebhu zomsebenzi.

Siye sifunde iimpawu manqanaba ezichaphazelekayo iinkcukacha design.

ukwenza uphando

Kule Isigaba sokuqala - pre-study - olwenziwe ziingcali abanobuchule ingakumbi uhlahlelo iimfuno injongo yomthengi umphuhlisi ngokusebenzisa kule projekthi. Umlinganiswa oyintloko kweli sifundo - oko umthengi. Nguye yedwa okanye ngoncedo yeengcali abafanelekayo ukumisela iimfuno zabo, iimpawu wacela into eyenziwe projekthi, okanye, umzekelo, yala maxesha ukuze ahambelane izicwangciso ngokupheleleyo.

incazelo

The terms of reference zocwangciso kwaye usoloko yakha umthengi. Umthombo ongundoqo data kunokuba amaxwebhu, wafumana kwinqanaba elingaphambi loyilo. Xa isicwangciso afanelekileyo kuboniswa sele ngqo Ipharamitha into eza kwenziwa kule projekthi. Kwezinye iimeko, inkqenkqeza, oko kukuthi, lo umyili ungacacisa umthengi okanye iimpawu imveliso. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqabane enokwenziwa format isindululo zobugcisa.

siphakamiso technical

Olu xwebhu, kuthi, liphuhlisa umabi projekthi. It enokw ukuyilwa yesindululo yobugcisa, kwimeko xa sibona, umzekelo, ukuba ekubaleni yoyilo ngokungqinelana nemigaqo yokuqala iqulethe engachananga. Umthengi uyakwazi ukwamkela okanye ukwala isindululo esivela kwiSigqeba. Kwimeko yokuqala kunokuba amaxwebhu uzilungiselele uqinisekisa isivumelwano amaqela 'ukwenza utshintsho ezithile kule projekthi.

design lokuqala

Emva technical task ukulungele kwaye sele lingatshitshi, uyilo lokuqala ikhutshwa phandle xa kuyimfuneko. Yintoni na engaqhelekanga iqulethe eli nqanaba?

Le nkqubo iquka ukuqaliswa kweprojekthi ukuphumeza arhente for modeling nokuthelekelela iimpawu eziphambili into, yayo yangaphandle inkangeleko, ubuchule yishenxisele emhlabeni. Oko kukuthi, umfuziselo lowo wadala. Emva iimpawu ngoyilo yenjongosenzi akhiwa esondele kwabo ochazwe iinkcukacha ukusuka kwindawo yokucingela ukusebenza zazo zepraktikhali, esekelwe umzekelo nokubalwa.

uyilo ubeko umphumela ungaba uphuhliso lwemveliso, ngokutsho iimpawu ngokupheleleyo-ubude.

yoyilo lobunjineli

Inqanaba elilandelayo - ukuyilwa isekethi ezisebenzayo iimveliso, oko kukuthi, ukulungiswa kwendlela yayo. Amaxwebhu eyenziwe kwisakhelo loyilo zobugcisa ivumela umthengi ukuba wenze isigqibo malunga nosungulo imveliso kwimveliso. Ukuba HIV, ngoko ndaqonda kwisigaba esilandelayo yonxibelelwano - ukuyilwa idrafti yokusebenza.

Ukuqala iprojekthi

Kule meko sithetha ngayo kuphuhliso iseti epheleleyo yamaxwebhu, apho kuyimfuneko lombutho iziko kwimveliso. Ukuba inqaku wokwenziwa, la maxwebhu apha naphaya yokutshintshela imizobo kunye schemes iziseko ezenzekelayo leyo inxaxheba kwiingxoxo. Ukuba iphunyezwe uyilo noshowo kwesakhiwo, ezele kwipropati, amaxwebhu, ke, ngaba malilungiselelwe ululolonga iingcali abanobuchule - iinjineli, abaphathi yenkampani lokwakha.

Isicelo Design Systems

Ukuphunyezwa ngentla amanqanaba kuyilo yokusebenza enokwenziwa ngaphakathi sikhokelo iinkqubo ezizodwa. Funda ukuba yintoni na. uyilo System - imeko apho wentsebenziswano kunye ukusombulula imisebenzi, abathathi-nxaxheba ukuphuhlisa amaxwebhu eprojekti, abasebenzi abanobuchule yeenkampani ezizodwa okanye nabaphuhlisi abazimeleyo.

Amacandelo zeenkqubo achaphazelekayo ingatshintshwa apha ukusombulula iingxaki ezithile. Umzekelo, ukuba kufuneka ube kuyilo zeteknoloji ukuze imveliso, ngoko inxalenye yezibonelelo ifumaneke iingcali, ezo, okokuqala, izisombululo eziyimfuneko zobuchwephesha, izixhobo zovavanyo software, yaye okwesibini, - izixhobo intlangano ezifunekayo ukuphumeza intsebenziswano kunye nabo, ubunkokheli, amahlakani kuphononongo imiba eyahlukeneyo kuphuhliso lweeprojekthi. System ekuthethwa kusenokuquka ezisezantsi ezahlukeneyo umsebenzi okhethekileyo, kodwa ezihambelanayo.

Ingakumbi CAD

Kumashishini mihla ezisetyenziswa uyilo-ancedwa khompyutha, okanye Cad, kukho izibonelelo enzima, apho uphuhliso kwezi projekthi kwenziwa ngokusekelwe algorithms iphunyezwe becala ngokwawo, oko kukuthi, kunye yokungenelela kwabantu engephi. Kakade ke, ukuba sithetha nqanaba uphuhliso lwabo Intshayelelo kwinqanaba ikhowudi thina. Apha indima iingcaphephe kubalulekile. isilawuli esizisebenzelayo olusebenzayo kwiinkqubo zophuhliso kwamaxwebhu yoyilo icebisa ukuba abantu abanobuchule lomsebenzi umgangatho entsimini bokulungisa ubuchule esisisiseko ukusebenza kweenkqubo ethathelwa ingqalelo.

iinkqubo CAD zisetyenziswa kuphela njengesixhobo lombutho yomsebenzi leengcaphephe nayiphi na imveliso, kodwa nangenxa kwaqaliswa ngempumelelo iinkqubo zemveliso. Ukuba sithetha kuvulwe lisebe okanye mveliso yesibini, ukutshintshwa iinkqubo zemveliso kwi-ofisi esembindini okanye isityalo wokuqala wenziwe kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ekuthethwa. Kulo mzekelo, xa ukulahlwa leengcali abanobuchule ziya bezibonakalise ubuchule olusebenzayo uphuhliso amaxwebhu eprojekti, kwakunye namacebo yentsebenziswano kunye nabanye abasebenzi benkampani kunye wesithathu kwimiba eyahlukeneyo. Luyilo kwamashishini kwisikhokelo izinga kunye inxaxheba CAD enokwenziwa ngokwemeko wophuhliso ezahlukeneyo lamasebe abo - zobunjineli, imveliso, ezo uxanduva lokunika inkxaso esemthethweni yoshishino, ingakumbi ngokubhekiselele lokubeka emgangathweni lwe-kukhululwe imveliso.