Distribution: ntoni na? Imizekelo izinikezelo OS kunye neenkqubo

Eli nqaku lichaza into lonikezelo na, ubunjani bazo, ukuze kuthiwe, noko akazange, wenyuka ukusuka ingqiqo.

Yintoni na?

Le mbono "unikezelo" liye kungena ebomini bethu kakhulu kutshanje, ngeenxa ngexesha ukuthandwa ekuphumeni ezamahala operating system Linux usapho. Izinikezelo kwenkqubo ngoko ikakhulu isasazwe kwi CD-zikhewu, ngenxa yokuba isantya lokufikelela Internet akavumelekanga ukukhuphela ISO-imifanekiso evela web. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo gama zasatyalaliswa nakwezinye iimveliso. Ngoku, phantse naphi uyakwazi ukuva ilizwi "unikezelo". Yintoni na? Kungenxa kulo, kwaye uzame ukuqonda izinto.

Qala ukusebenzisa igama elithi "ukwabiwa"

Lo mba kwanawezayo kuthi, evela ezintlangeni kubasebenzisi kunye nababhekisi phambili iinkqubo ezamahala yokusebenza. Distribution ke wabiza umfanekiso yaqulunqwa, equlathe i kernel, le nkqubo ephambili, isikhumba kwindawo yokusebenza, nayo yonke into efunekayo ukuze ufakele inkqubo olusebenzisekayo. Ngoku eli gama lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela naziphi na izixhobo, ngomhla disc, okanye kwenye indawo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli gama kuthetha ubukho iseti ubuncinane iinkqubo umsebenzi kwinqanaba lokuqala kwinkqubo yokusebenza. Loo nkcazo ezingafanelanga kakuhle ukuba ibinzana elithi "kokukhutshwa kwalo mdlalo." Loluphi uhlobo ukwabiwa, ukuba akanayo inkqubo yokusebenza hlobo? Kulo mzekelo, yinto umdlalo nje ikhompyutha kwi eliphakathi ngokwasemzimbeni okanye zahlanganiswa ulayisho kwi web kwaye akukho diski ufakelo. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi ngoku, xa le ndlela ngokubaluleka kuthandwa. Kangangokuba, maxa wambi, xa Wahlanganisa omtsha ikhompyutha, i drive akukho nje kwaphela.

Ngenxa uphuhliso Internet baqala ukubizwa izinikezelo ISO-imifanekiso. Zingakotshwa ngekhompyutha kweli ziko lewebhu esemthethweni yaye igcinwe kwi disc okanye USB-drive. Ekubeni imidiya yokuqalelisa, ungakwazi ukufaka indlela yokusebenza nayiphi na ikhompyutha.

Linux

Xa eli gama sele eze kuthi ehlabathini wokhululekileyo zokusebenza, ngoko kuqala cinga Linux. Full kubo. bonke babe "chips 'zabo ezithile. Kodwa ziyafana mnye. Zonke xhaso isethi epheleleyo ezifunekayo abaqhubi kunye izicelo. Kwaye akukho akukho mfuneko yokuba ahlawule omnye wabo. Nantso into iphakheji lonikezelo. Yintoni na le software? Oku ikakhulu Ubuntu, Linux Mint ne Debian. Bonke zisekelwe kwi Debian, ngoko ngokupheleleyo ehambelanayo kunye nabanye.

Izinikezelo yolo "linuksopodobnyh" iinkqubo njengoko AltLinux, ArchLinux, CentOS, kwaye Fedora, akakwazi kuqhayisa wokuhambelana enjalo kunye nezixhobo zekhompyutha. Kubo, imfuneko ukukhuphela abaqhubi ezongezelelweyo. Kodwa babe iseti olusisiseko izicelo kubalulekile.

ukwabiwa Windows

Ngokwenene, kwi diski ukufakelwa Windows yokusebenza kunganzima ukuba ngokuba nokwabiwa. Ngapha koko, le ngcamango busenza ukuba ubukho abaqhubi "lebhokisi" kunye neqela lezicelo ukwenzela ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo le nkqubo.

Nangona kunjalo, kunye ukukhululwa "amashumi" le meko itshintshe. Ngoku lokuhambisa Windows iqulethe inani abaqhubi ezifunekayo ukuze ukusebenza kwenkqubo yesiqhelo. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye iimpompo inkqubo ikhadi yemizobo. Ezi idla zonke ezimbi. Abakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza eqhelekileyo le nkqubo. Nangona Windows 10 yaye wathabatha phezu enkulu kwe Linux (yesiphelo ezizezinye desktops), kodwa ungaphezulu lee kwigama neqhayiya "ubuyiselo kubhalo."

Inzuzo ephambili Windows ithathwa ukuba isebenzisane zonke iikhompyutha nezixhobo. Ukuba oyifunayo, oko kufakwa ezikhompuyutheni Apple ngayo. Kodwa izibuko azenzileyo "apile" iikhompyutha fake Microsoft basemi ngandlel 'musa ukuba.

MacOS ukwabiwa

Ekubeni MacOS yinkqubo "nix", yaye azabonakala, kodwa ngaphandle bekuya kuba wenza uhlaziyo ezingaphelelanga. Njengabo bonke nokuqhuba iinkqubo, "Makos" liye ukusasazwa yayo. Ntoni na kule meko?

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba MacOS kuphela iimveliso Apple kaThixo. Kwaye inkxaso kule OS iphunyezwa ngendlela engcono. Abaqhubi kuzo zonke izixhobo ezifakiweyo ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki, kunye izicelo ezininzi, kusenokwenzeka, kwaye amaqela abazange ukwengeza. Njengesiqhelo, Apple ngaphezulu. Inkqubo umfanekiso "Yabloko" ngokuchanileyo kubizwa ngokuba distribution.

Ukuba usebenzisa ezinye iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo, sinokwenziwa i MacOS nokuthunyelwa ukusebenza, kwaye kwiikhompyutha eziqhelekileyo. Liyinyaniso elokuba, kungakuhle kakhulu ukuba umqhubekekisi evela Intel of line enguNdoqo. Oku le iziqhubekisi liyasetyenziswa best MacOS usebenzo "wesithathu-party" iikhompyutha.

nokwabiwa software

Ngoku makhe sithethe ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubiza ukwabiwa, - of idiski software. Abaninzi owoyamaniswe kuyo-kuthiwa inkxaso nenkqubo enye okanye omnye (umzekelo, ukusasazwa 1C). Oku ngokwesiseko engalunganga. Ikakhulu kungenxa disc akuthethi jikelele kwindlela yokusebenza.

Amaxesha amaninzi, ukusasazwa kuthiwa luqokelelo lwenkqubo omnye okanye enye inkqubo. Oku ethile inyaniso. Olu luqokelelo lwenkqubo kunye izicelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubiza lonikezelo.

Ezinye iimveliso software babe izinikezelo zabo olongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, novimba weenkcukacha okanye iseti iisampuli.

isiphelo

Olunjalo apha sifumana i "inkqubo yokufundisa" emifutshane kwi "unikezelo". Yintoni na - ekugqibeleni sezilungisiwe. Ngoku uyazi ukuba izimvo zabo nokuba yintoni kubizwa ngokuba zisasazwe. Kakade ke, kweli xesha lethu, umda kolu luvo yi olova ngoku la mazwi abhekisele yonke into. Kodwa kule nqaku, ngoku uyazi ukuba unako nesizathu singachazwa njengento zisasazwe.