Ulwakhiwo, imisebenzi ye-cornea yelihlo

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zomntu ngamehlo. Siyabonga ngabo sifumana ulwazi malunga nehlabathi langaphandle. Isakhiwo se- eyeball sinzima kakhulu. Eli thuba linempawu zalo. Siza kuthetha ngakumbi malunga naziphi. Kwakhona, siya kuhlala ngokubhekiselele kwisakhiwo sejiso ngokubanzi kunye nenye yeengxenye zalo - i-cornea-ingakumbi. Siza kuxubusha ukuba yintoni indima ye-cornea kumsebenzi wequmrhu lombono kwaye nokuba kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kwesakhiwo sayo kunye nemisebenzi eyenziwa yimihlo.

Umzimba womntu wombono

Umntu ngoncedo lwamehlo unethuba lokufumana ininzi yolwazi. Abo baye balahlekelwa ngeso sizathu, kunzima kakhulu. Ubomi bulahlekelwa yimbala yayo, umntu akakwazi ukucinga ngokuhle.

Ukongezelela, ukuphunyezwa kwezoshishino zansuku zonke kunzima. Umntu uyaba lula, akanakuphila ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, abantu abaye balahlekelwa amehlo abo banelungelo kwiqela lokukhubazeka.

Imisebenzi yeso

Amehlo enza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukwahluka kobuqili kunye nombala wezinto, umlo kunye nobukhulu bawo.
• Ukuqwalasela ukuhamba kwezinto.
• Ukumisela umgama kwizinto.

Ngaloo ndlela, amehlo, kunye nezinye izitho zomntu, kumnceda aphile ngokugcwele, ngaphandle kokufumana uncedo lwangaphandle. Ukuba umbono ulahlekile, umntu uyaba luncedo.

Ijoni yamehlo yinkqubo ye-optical eyanceda umntu ukuba aqonde ihlabathi elikujikelezile, usebenzise iinkcukacha ngokuchaneka okuphezulu, kwaye uyithumele. Injongo efanayo iyazaliseka ngabo bonke amalungu kwicandelo leso, umsebenzi wabo udibaniswe kwaye ulungelelaniswe.

Imibala yokukhanya ibonakaliswa kwizinto, uze uthinte i-cornea yelihlo, eliyi-lens optical. Ngenxa yoko, imitha iqokelelwa kwindawo enye. Emva koko, imisebenzi esemiselweyo ye-cornea iyayifumana kwaye iyakhusela.

Emva koko ukukhanya kungena kwi- iris kumfundi welihlo uze uye kwi-retina. Isiphumo ngumfanekiso ogqityiweyo kwisithuba esiphenduliweyo.

Ulwakhiwo liso

Iliso lomntu linamalungu amane:

• I-Peripheral, okanye ukubona i-part, equka i-eyeball eye, amadivaysi esiso.
• Indlela yokuqhuba.
• Amaziko angaphandle.
• Amaziko abonakalayo aphakamileyo.

Iimpawu ze-oculomotor zihlulwe kwi-oblique kunye ne-muscle echanekileyo yeso, ngaphezu koko, kukho iisetyhula kwaye iphakamisa inkophezelo. Imisebenzi ye-oculomotor muscle ibonakala:

• Ukuguquka kwamehlo.
• Ukukhulisa nokunciphisa ijwabu leso eliphezulu.
• Ukufakela iinkophe.

Ukuba onke amadivaysi eso asebenza ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko ke imisebenzi yamehlo iqhelekileyo - ikhuselwe kumonakalo kunye nemiphumo eyingozi yendalo. Oku kunceda umntu ukuba aqonde ngokoqobo kwaye aphile ubomi obupheleleyo.

I-Eyeball

Iliso ibona umzimba we-globular ojikelezayo. Amehlo akhona ebusweni be-skeleton, umsebenzi wabo oyintloko kukukhusela i-eyeball kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle.

Iliso lelinemibhobho emithathu: yangaphandle, phakathi kunye nangaphakathi.

Eyokuqala ibizwa ngokuba yi-fibrous. Unamasebe amabini:

• I-cornea yecandelo elingaphandle elibala. Imisebenzi ye-cornea ibaluleke kakhulu.
• Isiqendu se-Sclera-post opaque.

I-sclera kunye ne-cornea zi-elastic, ngenxa yabo iliso linomfanekiso ocacileyo.

I-sclera ine-thickness ye-1.1 mm, ihlanganiswe yimbumba encomekileyo ye-mucous membrane-conjunctiva.

Kornea kwiso

I-cornea ibizwa ngokuba yingxenye ecacileyo yegobolondo yangaphandle. I-Limb - le yindawo apho iris ihamba khona kwi-sclera. Ubungakanani be-cornea ngu-0.9 mm. I-cornea ivulekile, isakhiwo sayo sihlukile. Oku kuchazwa yilungiselelo leeseli kwi-order optical strict, kwaye nakwi-cornea ayikho imithwalo yegazi.

Ubume be-cornea bufana ne-convex-concave lens. Ngokuqhelekileyo ithelekiswa neglasi yehora nge-frame opaque. Ububele be-cornea yeli bangela kubangelwa inani elikhulu lokuphela kweentsholongwane. Iyakwazi ukuhambisa nokukhankanya imibala ekhanyayo. Igunya layo lokuzikhupha likhulu.

Xa umntwana ephendulela iminyaka eli-10 ubudala, iiparameter ze-corneal zilingana namaparitha omntu omdala. Ezi ziquka ukuma, ubukhulu kunye namandla okuvula. Kodwa xa umntu ekhulile, i-arp opaque yenziwa kwi-cornea, ebizwa ngokuba yi-senile. Isizathu salesi si-salts ne lipids.

Nguwuphi umsebenzi we-cornea? Ngale nto - phambili.

Isakhiwo se-cornea kunye nemisebenzi yayo

I-cornea ineziqendu ezintlanu, nganye inomsebenzi wayo. Iziqendu zilandelayo:

• Stroma;
• I-Epithelium, ehlukaniswe ngaphakathi nangemva kwayo;
• Umgca ka Bowman;
• Umgca we Descemet;
• Endothelium.

Emva koko, qwa lasela i- correspondence yesakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi we-cornea.

Uluhlu lwe-stroma lukhulu kakhulu. Izaliswe ngamacwecwe ayo aphezulu, amafibisi awo ayenziwa yi-collagen. Ilungiselelo lamacwecwe lifana ne-cornea kunye komnye nomnye, kodwa ulwalathiso lwee-fibers kwisitya ngasinye luhlukile. Ngenxa yoko, i-cornea eqinile kwiso lizalisekisa umsebenzi - ukhusela iliso kumonakalo. Ukuba uzama ukubetha i-cornea nge-scalpel engacinwa, ngoko kuya kuba nzima ukwenza oku.

Uluhlu lwe-epithelial lukwazi ukuzilungisa. Iiseli zakhe zihlaziywa kwakhona, kwaye nangona isiqabana asihlali endaweni yomonakalo. Kwaye kukho ukuhlaziywa ngokukhawuleza - ngosuku olunye. I-epithelium yangaphambili neyokugqibela ijongene nomxholo okhulayo kwi-stroma. Ukuba ingqibelelo ye-epithelium yangaphambili kunye neyasemva iyakwazi, i-cornea ingahle ilahlekelwe yinto ebonakalayo ngenxa ye-hydration.

Kwi-stroma kukho uluhlu olukhethekileyo - iigobolondo zikaBowman, ezingenayo iiseli, kwaye ukuba zonakaliswe, izibazi ziya kuhlala zihlala.

I membrane ye-Descemet itholakala ekupheleni kwe-endothelium. Iqukethe kunye ne-collagen fibers, inqanda ukusabalala kwee-microorganisms ze-pathogenic.

I-Endothelium - isalathisi esisodwa, isondla kwaye isekela i-cornea, ayivumeli ukuba ivule. Akusilo uhlaselo oluvuselelayo. Omdala umntu, unciphisa umgca we-endothelium.

Iimbindi ezintathu zibonelela ukugcinwa kwe-cornea. Inethiwekhi ye-vascular, i-nervo, umswakama wendawo yangaphakathi, ifilimu yokulila - konke oku kuqinisekisa ukutya kwayo.

Imisebenzi ye-cornea yomntu

• I-cornea inamandla kwaye iyanqabile, ngoko yenza umsebenzi okhuselayo-ukhusela amehlo kumonakalo.
• I-cornea ivulekile kwaye inomfanekiso wokudibanisa i-convex-concave, ngoko ichitha kwaye iphinda ibonise ukukhanya.
• I-Epithelium yinqanaba lokukhusela, ngenxa yokuba i-cornea yenza umsebenzi ofana nalowo okhuselayo-inqanda ukuthintela ukungena ngaphakathi. Ingxakeko enjalo ingenzeka kuphela ngomonakalo owenzela umonakalo. Kodwa nangemva koko, i-epithelium yangaphambili iya kubuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza (kwiiyure eziyi-24).

Imiphumo emibi kwi-cornea

Amehlo ahlala ebonakaliswe kweziphumo eziyingozi:

• Ukudibanisa kunye neenqwanqwa zemihlaba ezinqunyanyisiweyo emoyeni;
• Izinto zeKhemikhali;
• Ukuhamba komoya;
• Ukwahluka kwamanzi.

Xa amaqhekeza angaphandle angene ejongeni, i-reflex engaziwayo ivala iipilisi, iinyembezi zihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye kusabela ukukhanya. Iinyembezi zinceda ukuhlamba amanxusa angaphandle ngaphandle kweso. Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi yokukhusela ye-cornea ibonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo. Umonakalo omkhulu kwigobolondo ayenzeki.

Impendulo efanayo yokukhusela ijongwa kwakhona nangendlela eyenziwa ngamakhemikhali, ngomoya oqinileyo, ilanga elikhanyayo, elibandayo kunye nokushisa.

Izifo zamalungu ombono

Kukho isibalo esikhulu sezifo zamehlo. Sibhala ezinye zazo:

• I-Presbyopia ifom ye-hyperopia enxulumene nexesha elidala, apho i-lensity of lens ilahlekile, kunye ne-zinn ligaments ebambe iyancipha. Kucacile ukubona umntu angakwazi kuphela izinto ezikude. Oku kuphambuka kwimiqathango yokuzibonakalisa ngokweenqanaba.
• I-Astigmatism isifo apho imisebe ekhanyayo ingagxininiswa ngokungafaniyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.
• I-Myopia (myopia) - imida idibanisa phambi komlenze ochaziweyo.
• I-hyperopia (i-hypermetropia) -i-ray idlulisa ngaphaya kwe-membrane yesundu.
• I-Protanopia, okanye ubumpumputhe bombala - kwesi sifo, umntu uphantse akanalo ithuba lokubona yonke imibala ebomvu.
• I-Deuteranopia - umbala oluhlaza kunye nayo yonke imibala yayo ayiqondwanga. UAnomaly uzalwa.
• I-Tritanopia - kunye nokuphulwa kweso, umntu akanalo ithuba lokubona yonke imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ukuba kukho ukuphulwa komsebenzi welihlo, kufuneka uqhagamshelane ne-ophthalmologist. Ugqirha uya kwenza zonke iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko kwaye ngesiseko seziphumo ezifumanekayo ziya kuhlola. Emva koko unokuqala unyango. Njengomthetho, ezininzi izifo ezinxulumene nokuphulwa kweso kweso, zingalungiswa. Ukungafani nje kuphela ukuphazamiseka kokuzalwa komntwana.

Inzululwazi ayimi, kodwa ngoku imisebenzi ye-cornea yomntu ingabuyiselwa. Ukusebenza kudlula ngokukhawuleza kwaye kungenabuhlungu, kodwa ngenxa yalokho kunokwenzeka ukulahla imfuneko yokunyanzeliswa ukuhamba neziglasi.