Hlengiso Language Karamzin. Kakuhle eli iingenelo neengozi ulwimi yokuvuselelwa Karamzin

UNikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin lo ungumzekeliso ozise ebonakalayo kwinkalo yemfundo, ngakumbi imbali kunye Ezolimi. Wayeyintloko sentimentalistkogo mkhuba kwiincwadi kwaye udale iindlela ezintsha ngolwimi Russian. umsebenzi bakhe babonakala eyaziwa ngokuba kuphuculo ulwimi Karamzin.

Undoqo yokuvuselelwa ulwimi

Yintoni UNikolai Mikhailovich wayefuna ukuphumeza ngoncedo wokuguquka kwakhe? Ngelo xesha, ulwimi Russian elifana iCawa, waza wenza ezinye iimpawu zombuzo ngayo "heavyweight". Injongo umbhali ukususa inkoliso Latin kunye Slavic amazwi, ukongeza amagama avela ulwimi isiFrentshi, leyo ingqalelo ulwimi abantu bakhanyiselwa, abafundileyo.

Principles of ulwimi yotshintsho Karamzin

umsebenzi wayo ophambili umbhali wayebona ukuba yiyo amanene bhala kuluntu ezifana intetho. Ukudala "indawo yegama entsha," Karamzin bakucaphukele iimpawu kweelwimi Lomonosov. bacule zakhe wayedla amagama anzima lixesha, abanye ababhali wayifaka isikhundla esinzima. Enye imigaqo umsebenzi UNikolai Mikhailovich wayeza kuzisa ababhali ngokuba bamanyeliswe ulwimi oluthethwayo.

Ukuze oku kufuneka zisuswe zonke ulwimi staroslavyanizmy. Nibe ke ningabaniki ngokupheleleyo kubo phezulu, kakhulu, kwakungenakwenzeka - bekuya kuba kukuhlutha ulwimi Russian iingcambu zawo, sobutyebi ikhubalo ekhethekile. Ngoko ke, ezi ndidi zilandelayo staroslavyanizmy abaseleyo:

• izibongo nombala njengabangenabo;
• esetyenziselwa iinjongo zobugcisa;
• kusetyenziswa makokhe elithile nembali ethile yelo.

Enye Umgaqo yegama 'omtsha' kwakuza lula isindululo, okt ukutshintshwa enzima elide, "Lomonosov" yoyilo, ngokuhlelwa lula. Kuye kwagqitywa endaweni yonke imibutho kunye Old Slavic imvelaphi. Karamzin wafuna ukuba usebenzise kangangoko imibutho kunokwenzeka Russian, ikakhulu uhlobo yokunxibelelanisa. Ngaba itshintshe umyalelo amagama kumgca, leyo kwabonakala kuye ngakumbi ngokwemvelo abantu.

Yaye lo mgaqo lwesithathu ulwimi nguqulelo Karamzin bakhe baba neologisms. UNikolai Mikhailovich wazama ukuba ukungena nje igama olunye ngolwimi Russian, kodwa ukuba kwizidingo ukuya awohluke yegrama Russian. Ngamanye amaxesha, le neologisms wahlala untranslated, kuba ukholelwa ukuba ngenxa bekhalisa ngcono. Kodwa kamva, umbhali ehlaziyiweyo iimbono zakhe phezu ukuboleka baza baqalisa ukusebenzisa amagama ezinye imvelaphi Russian.

Zasabela ukulungiswa Shishkov

Kakade ke, iinguqu ezibalulekileyo ezifana ayikwazanga kunokubangela uluntu imbambano. Kwakukho abo bangazange kukholiswa iinguqulelo zolwimi Karamzin. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi abachasi bakhe Shishkov - a laseburhulumenteni elidumileyo ixesha. Wayengenguye nje philologist, ngoko iingxoxo zakhe umlinganiswa kakhulu omzabalazo.

Wayekholelwa Karamazina freethinker, umthandi zonke izinto kwamanye amazwe. Shishkin wayekholelwa ukuba amagama abolekiweyo ezonakalisa ulwimi Russian kuphela, agqwetha umongo walo. Kuphela ukusetyenziswa igama Slavic ikhuthaza imfundo wobuzwe. Ngoko ecetywayo endaweni amabinzana sele bulawula angaphandle Slavic. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "zolinganiso" ne "kumdlali".

Imithetho-hlengiso ulwimi Karamzin kunye Shishkov babe isiseko eyahlukileyo i UNikolai Mikhailovich waqonda ukuba ukutshintsha isakhiwo kuyimfuneko neelwimi ukusuka kwindawo philological lwembono, kunye Shishkov kwakhokelela nobuthandazwe.

Iingenelo neengozi ulwimi yokuvuselelwa Karamzin

Ezintsha, njengoko wathi, ufumene uvavanyo ugalelwe ekuhlaleni. Kwelinye icala, zonke utshintsho - ibangelwa yendalo zeziganeko zembali leyo yemkayo nge eRashiya. Yayilixesha elithile elizibalula ngeziganeko ye yiEnlightenment, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba lula urhulumente ulwimi, balahle magama eziphelelwe lixesha. Olu luphuhliso ngokwendalo ulwimi, kuba awukwazi ukuphuhlisa ukuba ngaba kuvela amagama amatsha kunye namazwi obort.

Kodwa kwelinye icala, ulwimi French iye kakhulu. intshayelelo yakhe esebenzayo negalelo ekubeni umahluko phakathi unxibelelwano yabantu abaqhelekileyo kwaye iiklasi ephezulu baba omkhulu. Kwaye lo guqula ingabizwa kwezinye iqondo lukhona kwaye yenza kube nzima ukuqhuba ukuyilwa wothand'uhlanga. Kodwa ke kwizimanga zendalo ngokupheleleyo ubudala absolutism bakhanyiselwa.

Ngoko ke, nangona ncomo engumxube, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba UNikolai Mikhailovich Karamazin waba nempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso lolwimi loncwadi kunye nenkcubeko jikelele eRashiya.