Duma - a ... Survey kwi State Duma: inkcazelo ngeenkqubo, iimfuno kunye neziphakamiso

IPalamente - umzimba omkhulu lowiso kwalo naliphi na ilizwe mihla lwentando yesininzi. Kulapha ababhala uthabathe ivoti ngomthetho ngokumisela-siseko kunye izilungiso kuzo. I-Russian State Duma - uphantsi indlu epalamente. Kule ncwadi sichaza imisebenzi kunye namagunya igunya. Ukongeza, siza kukuxelela malunga iimpawu ukuyilwa ngabaviwa balo ubume kunye nendlela anyulwa kuRhulumente Duma.

Uhlobo ulawulo loluntu kunye nepalamente

IPalamente nefuthe nkqubo angaphandle karhulumente, yaye ngaphakathi, konke oko kuxhomekeke kwindima ngumongameli. Uninzi amazwe Western - republic wepalamente, oko kukuthi, yonke into kugqitywe kwipalamente, lo gama i-Russian Federation - Republic of uhlobo exutyiweyo. US, ngasendleleni - yinto a republic kaMongameli. Igama lokugqibela isoloko ngumongameli.

Ngoko ke, igama yePalamente eRashiya? Ngokwembali, ukuze imizimba zomthetho kufuneka amagama ahlukeneyo. Oku kuquka i-Polish Sejm, kunye Cortes Spanish, kwaye konke oku, enyanisweni, kwipalamente. Ngokuqhelekileyo bicameral, kunye nendlu ezisezantsi alithabathe Umthetho uyichaza, kwaye eliphezulu okanye izikhabele sona okanye uthi ungabinayo ilungelo ukwenza utshintsho. Le ndlela iye yaqhubeka ukususela kwimihla yookumkani, eqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo.

Yintoni uDuma State?

Kwaye apha nokusondela kuRhulumente Duma ye-Russian Federation. I Duma State - kuba akukho epalamente, umgaqo, siye epalamente - oku yoWiso-Federal. Yena bicameral zeNdibano Federal yezenzo emiselweyo algorithm ngokweenkcukacha kwisahluko 5 loMgaqo-siseko. Ngenxa yoko, i-Duma State - ukuba nje ezantsi, isebe zibalulekileyo kunye noxanduva karhulumente kwilizwe lethu. Kungenxa e Duma State yamkela yonke imithetho ezibonakalisa ubomi abemi abaqhelekileyo kwi karhulumente kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo nkqu lizwe kunyaka ozayo.

le ivoti kwi Duma ngabagqatswa kunyulo kuqhutywa njani kwaye yintoni na lonke ixesha iPalamente intlanganiso? Le yimibuzo siya kuzama ukuphendula ngoku.

Kutheni kukho i-State Duma?

Ekubeni Duma State - eneneni umzimba omkhulu lowiso kweli lizwe, kuba ngumsebenzi yowiso, kwaye umsebenzi engundoqo amalungu endlu esezantsi yepalamente Russian Federation. Imithetho ukuba ezingenisiweyo ukuba ziqwalaselwe ivoti, inokuba nomahluko ngokupheleleyo elandisa amacandelo ezincinane kwezoqoqosho kunye umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu ezinxulumene ukuba, umzekelo, utshintsho ngemfundo okanye iyeza ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Eyona nto umthetho omtsha waba isihlwayo imida kuvunyelwa nguMgaqo-siseko yaye ukuziphikisa izibonelelo zalo ezisisiseko. Kungenjalo, umthetho bekuya kuba niyimigqakhwe, kwanokuba epalamente uvota ngaye, yaye oko kuya kwamkelwa ngawo omabini ezingontsini lweNdibano Federal.

Ivoti kwi State Duma

Ivoti kwi State Duma kulawulwa Inqaku le-10 loMgaqo-siseko Russian. Oko eyilwayo Yayisemanzini amakhulu , edulusele endlwini epalamente, simisela kanye uRhulumente Duma Russian. Bills zingenisiwe ukuze ngxoxo kufuneka baye uthumo siseko ezizodwa ukujonga indlela apho isenzo engundoqo yomthetho lizwe. Le nkqubo yenziwa usebenzisa izixhobo ze-elektroniki. Emva sicatshulwa Bill ukuya ivoti umbhali wayo kuthetha eqongeni malunga uluvo lwakhe malunga nomthetho, intsingiselo yalo kunye nokusebenza. Abamelene nayo ukuthetha izinto ezimbi lo oyilwayo, uze emva koko ngexesha elimisiweyo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka ukhethe i "ukuba", "nxamnye" okanye "bakhwebuke" ngokunxulumene nalo mthetho. Ngephanyazo kumiselwa ipesenti ngesiphumo - nokuba osayilwayo kudluliselwa ivoti, edulusele endlwini yoWiso-Federal okanye hayi. Imithetho State Duma zenze "umzimba elisemthethweni 'eli lizwe. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ivoti ukuze ibe yimfihlo okanye evulekileyo, kodwa ke kwiimeko ezininzi ivuliwe. Xa Duma State yamkela umthetho, iya kwi ivoti, edulusele endlwini yoWiso-Federal.

Kokubizwa kaRhulumente Duma

konyulo ngalunye amisele ukwakhiwa kaRhulumente Duma kule minyaka mihlanu izayo, ngokwenjenjalo kusekwe kokubizwa elandelayo. Nawuphi na urhulumente wentando ithintela umsebenzi lwamaziko alo, njengoko ngexesha kokubizwa ngokoluvo abantu kunye nemibutho yoluntu - yogcino ephambili wezopolitiko kweli lizwe - uyakwazi ukutshintsha kakhulu. Isondlo, neerhuluneli ke vangama ka kumaqela athile abantu bavotela bani wakhetha kule okanye isekela yaye kunyanzelekile ukukhusela amalungelo abo. Iminyaka emihlanu, usekela-esimelela intando yabantu, yaye ukuba wenza kakubi yaye akazange ahlangabezane neemfuno wabavoti, baya ukuvotela elinye zomviwa. Kule ngxoxo phakathi kwamaqela ohlukeneyo, apho zimelwe amaqela ezopolitiko kunye neerhuluneli, kwaye inkqubo mpikiswano yepalamente, kukho uhlobo undoqo wentando yesininzi. Ngoko ke, loo nto ixela ukuba uDuma State - yeyona umzimba omkhulu parliamentarism kwilizwe lethu.

kokubizwa Last

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba kutshanje September 18, 2016, wegqitha unyulo oluzayo kuMbuso Duma. Nangona zezepolitiki omtsha kunyulo kwipalamente yaye yasilela, kodwa batshintsha intsalela amandla kakhulu emzimbeni ephakamileyo lowiso kweli lizwe, ukomelezwa ngamandla "United Russia" iqela ngamandla.

Lo kaGrant uthe kukhetho

Ngokubanzi, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba zokuvota ezi ukhetho, waba ephantsi kakhulu, pesenti 50 kuphela labemi wavakalisa umnqweno ukuphuma kwaye basebenzise ilungelo labo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kubomi kwezopolitiko. Nangona nokuba omkhulu ngakumbi ugxudululu ebengayi kuba ngokupheleleyo utshintshe umbala intlanganiso elandelayo, njengoko kudla wayethanda esithi iintatheli kunye namajelo eendaba pro-Western inkcaso, oku kubonisa Ukupholisa umdla Russian kwezopolitiko, mhlawumbi nokuba ukuphoxeka.

iziphumo yokuqala

Kuthiwa ke into eya kubakho iziphumo yonyulo kuRhulumente Duma, wayesele esaziwa ekupheleni kosuku yokuvota. kunyulo lokuqala Duma, okanye uMnu - enyanisweni, inkqubo yokujonga inani labaviwa yangaphakathi-iqela kunye nokusasazwa kwabo kubavoti, eyaphelela ehlotyeni. Imisele ukuba yeyiphi abaviwa baya kuthatha inxaxheba kunyulo engundoqo, kungenzeka nayiphi na Iminyaka yobudala emntaneni abemi Russian. Ukususela kule uMnu Communist Party zaye zabanjwa ngoMeyi kulo nyaka, i "United Russia" Parnassus, "Green Alliance". Ngokunyaniseka, oko ngakumbi linyathelo populist, kuba iinkokheli zeqela kwangaphambili wazimisela qhinga kunye namaqhinga lomzabalazo yezopolitiko, yaye kuchasene kakhulu kule qhinga nje nilenze iziphumo zonyulo ixesha elithile emva konyulo. Kwelinye icala, uluvo ethandwayo kwanyanzeleka abapolitiki ukuyiguqula kancinane kakhulu indlela yayo, ngokwenza izilungiso umbono othandwayo kwi olwandulela omkhulu ezizayo unyulo kuRhulumente Duma.

Unyulo iziphumo Septemba 18, 2016

Ngenxa yoko, esi siphumo yokunyulwa izihlalo 450 kwi-State Duma zasasazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• "United Russia" bafumana bebonke iivoti 28.527.828, okanye 54,2 ekhulwini, kunye nezihlalo 343 kwi Duma. Oku iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo umphumo "United Russia" ngo-2011.
• Communist Party wafumana iivoti 7.019.752, ilingana 13,34 pesenti kwivoti kunye nezihlalo 42 epalamente. Xa kuthelekiswa zonyulo zexesha elidlulileyo, ezi ziphumo mbi.
• LDPR. Party Vladimira Volfovicha Zhirinovskogo wafumana 6.917.063 iivoti, phantse ngathi Communist Gennady Zyuganov, okanye 13.14 pesenti, kunye nezihlalo 39 kwi-State Duma.
• Kugqibela zezepolitiki, leyo baboyisa isithintelo-5 ekhulwini, -partiya "Fair Russia". Lafumana ngenxa iivoti 3.275.053, okanye 6.22 pesenti, 22 izihlalo epalamente.

Umsebenzi kaRhulumente Duma of intlanganiso entsha

The State Duma eNdibano Federal, nto leyo eza kuyilwa ngenxa lonyulo September 18, 2016, i-Duma State ligama le intlanganiso yesixhenxe. Ngokungafaniyo ziintlanganiso angaphambili iqela karhulumente "United Russia", nto leyo ikhokelwe nguDmitry Medvedev, akukho mfuneko yokuba ukuzibandakanya mdibaniso yasepalamente ukukhuthaza kwikhondo labo, njengoko kwi intlanganiso edlulileyo. Emva koko, amaqela eziliqela kwafuneka ukuba sidlule oyilwayo ukuba sibumbane womanyano ukuxhasa rate owodwa kwaye bavotele izivakalisi zomnye. Ngelo xesha, Kakade ke, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ukuphepha kwizibhambathiso phakathi zezepolitiki njengenxenye womanyano, ngoko ikhosi ngokwayo lula kakhulu. Ke iinkokheli le "United Russia" Kuya kuba lula kakhulu.