UMongameli Brazil: ifoto, biography. Umongameli wokuqala Brazil

Umongameli sangoku iBrazil eli-36 emgceni ukususela ekusekweni uyiRhiphablikhi kamongameli kunye nokuqaliswa isithuba ngo-1891.

Ukuvela ubukumkani

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba kude 1889 eBrazil ubukumkani. Ukumkani zingavela kweli thanga Portuguese? Okokuqala Joao VI ngowe-1806 wenza ngokusesikweni ikomkhulu isixeko South American Rio de Janeiro. Wasinda, ngoko uNapoleon, emangalisa kwelinye ilizwe laseYurophu emva kwenye. Kodwa ke, enyanisweni, eBrazil kwakusekho ithanga, yaye kuphela ngengozi wabaleka ingumasipala. Ngowe-1821, ukumkani wabuyela Portugal kunye nonyana wakhe Pedro ndilishiyile viceroy eBrazil.

Isiphelo ukumkani kunye umongameli wokuqala

Xa kungekho uKumkani e-Portugal kwakhula absolutists inkcaso, awayefuna ukupheliswa ukumkani ngokubanzi. Ukuze kulondolozwe amandla Pedro ndiyayixela Brazil ubukumkani ozimeleyo, nto leyo wabakho ngaphambi kokudalwa uMongameli weRiphabliki Brazil.

Dedoru Manuel da fonseca - umongameli wokuqala Brazil. Ndiphuma kusapho ukhomba zomkhosi Deodoro da fonseca ngo-1886 kwakhokelela yi kwiphondo Rio Grande do Sul waza waba yinkokeli abolitionist (ratuyuschego i kokuyekiswa kobukhoboka) intshukumo. Ngowe-1889, wayiqhubela mbho-, yaye ukumkani yawa Deodoro da fonseca waba yintloko urhulumente yethutyana. February 26, 1891 yena wavakalisa intloko kwiriphabliki. Kodwa umongameli wokuqala Brazil akazange abe sophuhliso lwenkqubo ye-lizwe kwaye sigcine namandla. Kwangokunjalo 1891, 23 Novemba, weNkomfa ukuba impeach kuye. Ngo-Agasti wonyaka olandelayo Manuel Deodoro da fonseca wafa.

Amanqanaba yokwakhiwa kwiriphabliki

Ngexesha uphuhliso le inkulu lizwe e Umzantsi Melika emva ukubhukuqwa ukumkani wahlulwe izihlandlo ezi-5. Eyokuqala kubo weRiphabliki Old. Ngexesha khona kwalo iqala ngo-1889 luze luphele ngowe-1930 ilandelwa ngu Vargas Era - 1930-1945 kunye iminyaka Republic Second - 1946-1964 gg. Le ubuzwilakhe wamajoni eyaqala ngo-1964, iphela ngo-1985. Okwangoku, okanye The New Republic, indawo ubuzwilakhe emkhosini ngo-1985 kwaye kuyaqhubeka unanamhla.

amaxesha ezintsha

ixesha uluntu nokulawulwa ngokwentando yaqala emva kokuphela ngumongameli yokugqibela emkhosini. Umongameli wokuqala eluntwini Brazil Tancredo Nevis (1910-1985) wonyulwa yi yiKomishoni yoNyulo, kodwa wafa ngaphambi kokuba nokuba akwazi ukuthatha isifungo.

umongameli yeBhodi elandelayo Zhoze Nevisa kuqatshelwe ukuba usaqala gqitha ngokusemthethweni imidlalo ezilishumi (nokuba wamaKomanisi), yaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, iye adopted-5 Oktobha 1988 umgaqo-siseko omtsha wentando yesininzi kwelo lizwe, nto leyo yenza ngoku . Ngokutsho kwakhe, uMongameli Brazil waqalisa ukuba onyulwe yi nevoti jikelele ethandwayo. Ngo-1997 i-siseko yahlonyelwa ukuvumela umongameli ukweso ukubaleka ikota yesibini.

Beautiful nenamandla

Umongameli ongamphambi kokugqibela koKuhlala of Brazil (photo esiqhotyoshelweyo), noLuiz uInácio Lula da Silva waba ngamandla ukususela ngo-2003 ukuya ku-2011.

Kwaye ukususela nge-1 Januwari 2011 ilizwe kuphelela ubuhle Dilma Vana Rousseff (Rousseff). Biography yabafazi aqaqambe umdla kakhulu.

Ngo-2005, uye wakhokela ulawulo Silva da, ukuba umfazi ukubamba esi sithuba lokuqala-ngonaphakade. Ngaphambi koko, ukususela ngo-2003 ukuya ku-2005. yena uMphathiswa wezaMandla. Yaba yinxalenye enzima kakhulu kuqoqosho ukususela ekupheleni kwekota yesibini ngumongameli Fernando Enrike Kardozu (1995-2003), ingxaki lwamandla lizwe kuye kwavela, ingakumbi kwimimandla esemazantsi.

NgoJanuwari 1, 2011, uNks Rousseff - Mongameli Brazil. Woman kweso sithuba, wonyulwa ukuba okwesihlandlo sokuqala. Ngowe-2011-2012 gg. ngokutsho iphephancwadi Forbes Dilma Rousseff kuye kwaqatshelwa njengoko wesithathu anempembelelo phakathi besini wamhle ehlabathini.

Half umfazi European

Umongameli yangoku of Brazil (iifoto kunokubonwa kweli nqaku) wazalwa ngo-1947 usapho yimbacu Bulgarian kwezopolitiko. Ilungu elikhutheleyo Communist Party of eBulgaria, Peter Rusev waba ngo-1929 ukuya ashiye ilizwe. E France, walitshintsha igama lakhe Rousseff.

Ekubeni ibavelele Argentina, Dilma uyise ngonaphakade kuhlala eBrazil, apho, emva kwexesha, watshata intombazana wengingqi Janet Dilma Coimbra Silva. Xa intsapho umongameli njengangoku Brazil wakhula abantwana abathathu. Ngoko ke, Dilma uye umzalwana omdala kunye nodadewabo omncinci, Igor Jean Lucia. Bonke abantwana bafumana imfundo esemgangathweni ekuqaleni weklasiki, eziquka izifundo zomculo (nepiyano) kunye ukufunda iilwimi zasemzini.

zofuzo zoyise

Yena Dilma Vana, owaphumelela ngowe-1977, i-Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul abanesidanga kwi "economics", into kakuhle kodwa lomthonyama Portuguese, isiFrentshi, IsiNgesi neSpanishi. Umongameli ekhoyo Brazil, ogama engobomi ivela yobudala oselula ezinxulumene nemisebenzi inguqu, wayexakeke kwezopolitiko emva mbho- ka-1964. Ngenxa onyulwe ngokusemthethweni th 24 ilandelelana umongameli welizwe Juan Gelard wazidla, waza wabaleka amazwe.

Kwiminyaka bakhe omncinane, Dilma Rousseff wayekwiqela iqela olukhulu Socialist Party, leyo ekuthiwa National Liberation Command. Injongo yalo umzabalazo wezigalo owawusilwa lozwilakhe emkhosini. inxaxheba Le ntombazana xa kwemfazwe enaningamkelanga zona, kodwa iminyaka emibini ukususela ngowe-1970 ukuya 1972. Elaliliphethe entolongweni.

nkqubo yomthetho

Kuloo minyaka ezoyikekayo kumazwe amaninzi Latin American zaye yayilawulwa oozwilakhe igazi emkhosini. Akunakwenzeka yaye yona nto eyoyikekayo ukucinga ukuba onjalo umfazi elinomtsalane kwaye zintle kwizisele ye batyakatywa yaye ndibethwa. Entolongweni, uNks Rousseff bagula. Kwixa elizayo, lo mfazi ikhaliphileyo wayexakeke kuphela kumsebenzi osemthethweni kwezopolitiko. Abaliqela kangangexesha elide Dilma Rousseff waye Democratic Labour Party. Kodwa ke, ekubeni 1990, wafudukela Party Workers ', nto leyo eye wasebenza ngokusondeleyo Luiz uInácio Lula da Silva.

Kwaye ngo-2010, wachongwa ukuba ngumongameli weli lizwe. Ixhasa ngokupheleleyo ngoko intloko karhulumente. Kumjikelo wokuqala wonyulo, ebibanjwe ngo-Oktobha 3, 2010, yena, kunye phantse 47% ye-voti, wahamba Zhoze Serra, ummeli Social Democratic Party. Uchwetheza kwi kumjikelo wesibini 56% iivoti, Dilma Rousseff waba libhinqa ngumongameli wokuqala mazwe ahambele phambili apha eMzantsi Merika.

A ubuntu eqaqambileyo kunye wesifazane

Igama uMongameli Brazil, yaziwa ukuba abaninzi elizweni lethu. Ngapha koko, eli lizwe ne-Russia yinxalenye ye-BRICS, leyo intetho eninzi kumajelo eendaba.

Ngokubhekiselele wabucala, into Dilma Rousseff sele etshatile kabini. Intombi kuphela umongameli Brazil, owazalwa kumtshato wesibini, kutshanje wamnika umzukulwana wakhe.

Ngo-2009, lo mfazi eyomeleleyo ikwazile ukuba litshitshiswe sisifo esibi - umhlaza kwiindawo nkovu. Eli bali, kwakunye kwihlazo kunye phones wiretapping ka US wayo NSA, ukhumbula yonke into. Umongameli ekhoyo Brazil, Dilma Rousseff uye amabhaso amazwe abaphezulu ababini - Spain Bulgaria.