Dyslalia ebantwaneni kunye neendlela ukuphelisa yayo. Oonobangela, iimpawu, dyslalia unyango abantwana

Ukuhlukunyezwa zvukoproiznosheniya ebizwa dyslalia. Umntwana lungisa izandi amalungu, ukutshintsha nabo abanye. Kids badla yenza indawo ukuze kube lula yaye lula ukubiza amagama ngakumbi. Dyslalia ebantwaneni kunye neendlela zayo ukususwa zigqitywa owayendifundisa ukuthetha. Olu lweengcali unako ukuseka ukuxilongwa nokuphuhlisa amaqhinga lungisa le ngxaki.

Izinto ezibangela dyslalia

Ukunyhashwa angenzeka abantwana iingxaki zophuhliso izixhobo yezwi: emhlathini, ulwimi, imilebe, amazinyo. Kule meko ke sithetha ngento dyslalia ngoomatshini. Kuphuhliso eziqhelekileyo, izixhobo kwimiphimbo banesifo "dyslalia esebenza".

izifo Organic kwenzeka nabo bantwana:

- frenulum elifutshane ulwimi kunye iindevu;

- imilebe obukhulu ngokugqithiseleyo;

- Isakhiwo isibhakabhaka iziphene (kusenokuba phezulu kakhulu okanye asezantsi);

- kukhulu kakhulu, okanye ngokuchasene noko, ulwimi encinane;

- malocclusion;

- iindevu engasebenziyo.

Izizathu dyslalia e abantwana ezinxulumene iimpawu noshowo izixhobo intetho. Kulo mzekelo, kuphakama zvukoproiznosheniya ukwaphulwa ngenxa:

- bexelisa omnye umntu Akulunganga abengayithethayo;

- ukungahoywa zokufundisa;

- inkcubeko yokuthetha ezingachanekanga ekhaya;

- ukungakwazi ukugcina umlomo wakho kwindawo efanelekileyo;

- wokungaphuhliswa ukuva izandi;

- utshintsho ulwimi ngokukhawuleza ukusuka intshukumo enye ukuya kwenye.

iintlobo ezinokwenzeka zokuphula

Ukuze siqonde indlela sifo kubonakala, kubalulekile ukuqonda oko iindlela zayo. Kuxhomekeka inani ingxaki izandi dyslalia inokuba elula okanye ezintsonkothileyo. Sichaza owayendifundisa ukuthetha. Kwimeko yokuqala, umntwana akayi kukhupha ukuya ku-5 izandi. Xa ifomu esimbaxa dyslalia baya kuba ngaphezu kwe 5. A ingcali intetho ndikuxelele ukuba benze ntoni abazali, xa wafunyanwa dyslalia abantwana. Kwaye iindlela ukulungisa oko, kunye nokumisela indlela unyango kufuneka kuxoxwe sele kwintlanganiso yokuqala.

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo unesiphako, ngokwahlukileyo ukuchonga ezininzi ohlobo dyslalia:

- lambdatsizm: iingxaki kunye pronunciation "l" nzima yaye ethambileyo;

- rhotacism: umntwana phosakeleyo ovakalisa nzima yaye athambileyo "p";

- lisping: pronunciation ephule sizzling;

- kappatsizm: iingxaki "k" nzima yaye ethambileyo;

- yotatsizm: engafanelekanga ukuthetha i "th";

- hitizm: kuphula kwi pronunciation ka "x";

- gammatsizm: iingxaki ukuthetha i "g";

- iziphene zokunciphisa lukhuni izandi: umntwana abe amaqabane nzima indawo bafundelane ngezibini soft and vice versa;

- iziphene emangalisa kunye nokuveza: consonants oluvakalisa zitshintshiwe kubantu abangevayo, yaye vice versa.

Ngoko dyslalia wabonakalaliswa ebantwaneni. Ke musani ukoyika kwesi sifo: ukusebenza olufanelekileyo abazali intetho ingcali intetho disorder alungiswe.

Ukusukela dyslalia functional

Le therapist yoviwo limisela iimpawu ezininzi Awona ukuphazamiseka yokuthetha. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba ilungelelanise umsebenzi leengxaki zokuthetha ibe yimpumelelo ngakumbi. Iingcali ukuchonga ezi ntlobo dyslalia nabasebenzayo:

1) ive-izandi;

2) articulatory -phonetic;

3) articulatory-lwezandi.

Kwimeko yokuqala oko kukhokelela kwiingxaki yonomgogwana ukuva intetho. Ngenxa yokuba oku kuvakala okufanayo iimpawu ive ngoku zidibene. Ngamanye amaxesha phansi basuke babo isizathu sokuba umntwana umkhumbula intetho yabo.

Articulatory-phonetic dyslalia kubantwana uthole kwenzeka okubi ekufundeni ekwenziweni yezikhundla. Ngelo xesha linye abantwana baqala bezama ukuzigqwetha izandi uthethile.

Xa articulatory-yezandi umntwana dyslalia akabi ukubazi indawo esichanekileyo ulwimi, ekufuneka yokubiza isandi. Oku kukhokelela lihlazo.

Apha ezifana ngayo yahlukile - dyslalia abantwana. Kwaye iindlela ukulungisa kuyo, kunjalo, kakhulu, uya kuba ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeka uxilongo lusekiwe, ingcali intetho kufuneka ziqulunqe isicwangciso zokusebenza kunye nomntwana.

Ukulungiswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukuphazamiseka intetho

Ukuba kukho pronunciation engachanekanga izandi ngoweqela enye, ezifana uMgolozana, sithetha ukunyhashwa ezilula. Ukuze awalungise ngokwaneleyo 2-3 iinyanga ngentsebenziswano owayendifundisa ukuthetha, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ukulungiswa ungatsala iinyanga ezintandathu. Kodwa dyslalia nzima ebantwaneni, nto leyo luphawulwa pronunciation kakuhle kumaqela ngaphezulu kwe-5 izandi, kufuna umsebenzi elide kunye onzima.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iintlobo ezintsonkothileyo abantwana yephule ezindlebeni lwezandi. Xa inkqubo yokulungisa iingxaki kuvela nje kwento yokuba kufuneka ukuba ' "inani elikhulu izandi, kunye nento yokuba umntwana waqalisa ukubeva kakuhle. Kuthatha ixesha elininzi. Kubalulekile ukuba umntwana nje kuphela ukwenza umsebenzi kunye owayendifundisa ukuthetha, kunye nabazali ekhaya. Kuphela umsebenzi rhoqo kwaye ngendlela nga ngexesha elifutshane ukubuyisela kuyo.

Elungisa dyslalia mechanical

Ukuze kulungiswe zvukoproiznosheniya kubantwana abanengxaki izixhobo yokuthetha, oko kuyimfuneko ukuze asuse unobangela yophuhliso izifo. Ukuba ubani kakhulu frenulum esifutshane ngolwimi okanye iindevu, ngoko kwanele nje usike - kwaye umntwana ngokwakhe iqala ukuthetha kakuhle.

kwiimeko ezininzi kancinane izinto ezilukhuni apho zolwaphulo okubangelwa malocclusion. Kulo mzekelo thethwano afunekayo wamazinyo. Oku kunceda ukulungisa inyeke ngoncedo izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, nokuba besebancinane. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, ngoko ke umsebenzi onzima iqala owayendifundisa ukuthetha. Kufuneka lujoliswe, ukufumana isiphumo ive ayinqwenelayo umntwana nezi ukuphazamiseka.

Kwakhona, owayendifundisa ukuthetha kunokunceda nabo abantwana isibhakabhaka isakhiwo engalunganga. Iingcali bayazi ukuba ukwalathisa njani ulwimi abo "Gothic", yamandulo eliphezulu tyaba okanye slot-ezimise emlonyeni.

Ukuhlolisisa umntwana

Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise le khosi, ingcali intetho kufuneka uphando nokushukumisa izixhobo nomculo umntwana nonina ukufumanisa malunga ngexesha ekhulelwe naxa ezala. Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zokufundisa ukuvumela ukuba ukujonga iziphene ezikhoyo kwaye amisele iqondo uphuhliso lwabantwana. Emva kolu phando sezifo intetho owaziyo ukuba dyslalia abantwana. "Iimpawu" (a ecacileyo kophulwa of speech) kuvavanywa ngokudityaniswa ngokuqinisekisa okuqonda lwezandi. Kuphela ke sifo.

Ukuba therapist akuthethi qaphela ezibangelwa mechanical, iya kuthumela ingcali iprofayile umntwana. Oku kunokuba kugqirha, wamazinyo okanye ingcali yokuva ngeendlebe. Zingahlala yokunyanga ingcali linokudlulisela ukuya ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ukuva umntwana kakuhle. Xa ezinqwenelekayo ezisebenzayo ifomu ngezifo utyelelo luvo. Yena ichitha abantwana uphando dyslalia ngaphandle wokungaphuhliswa jikelele zentetho. Nangona uxilongo lokuqala kwaye ukunikezela owayendifundisa ukuthetha.

Izigaba ukulungiswa zvukoproiznoshenija

Utitshala liqulunqe inkqubo yentsebenziswano kunye nomntwana, lowo kwafunyaniswa dyslalia. Umsebenzi kufuneka ibhekiswe kuphela ukuba balungise pronunciation isandi, kodwa kwakhona kwi kuphuhliso inkumbulo, ingqalelo, ezindlebeni lwezandi. Kwakhona zeengcali wenza iinzame ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokuthetha motor. Ukuze ezi njongo, yinto ekhethekileyo massage logopedic. Kwakhona yinxalenye isifundo inikwa ukwenza imithambo. Kunyanzelekile ukuba dyslalia wafunyaniswa ebantwaneni. Unyango (umthambo kunceda ukuphuhlisa izixhobo kwimiphimbo) kukuba ukuphuhlisa indlela echanileyo yokubiza izandi, automation yabo kunye nophuhliso ubuchule bokwahlula eziviwayo.

Xa ucwangcisa izandi ngexesha elifanayo umsebenzi esizisebenzelayo wabo. Ukuze benze oku, banikela kude kube yinxalenye iisilabhili ngamnye kunye namagama. Kuba olufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa staging ulinganiselo buciko. Ukuba akukho uvelisa iziphumo, lo therapist usebenzisa uphenyo ekhethekileyo kumnceda umntwana wakho ngokunika ulwimi kwicala elifanelekileyo.

Iinjongo wokulungiswa unyango kwintetho

umsebenzi specialist kufuneka lujoliswe ukulungisa zvukoproiznosheniya, kunye nokunakana izandi, ubuchule uwabiza kakuhle, ukulawula indlela yabo.

Kuyimfuneko ukwazi zonke iinkalo ekoyiseni abantwana dyslalia, kuba ngaphandle kwalo iya kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba aphumeze yoko. Kuba lombutho therapist zibini '- komntwana "kuyimfuneko ukudala iimeko zivuma. Itakane kufuneka uthembe utitshala, bamele babe uxhulumaniso ngokweemvakalelo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, owayendifundisa ukuthetha kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha unonophelo lombutho yengqesho ngohlobo umdla umntwana. Kufuneka sikhuthaze umsebenzi cognitive, ukuthintela ukudinwa kunokwenzeka.

Ukuba oku kungafezekiswa, ngoko ke umntwana lowo uya kuba nako:

- bafunda ukuqaphela izandi ezahlukeneyo uwahlanganise;

- zvukoproiznosheniya ukwahlula okulungileyo nokubi;

- ukulawula intetho yabo;

- kulula iyahluka izandi bahlelwe intetho;

- ngokuchanekileyo ukuchonga ayivalele isandi intetho yakhe.

Prevention dyslalia

Ukuba abazali abafuni elizayo ukuze bakhangele izinto zokufunda "abantwana dyslalia kunye neendlela ukulungisa oko," ngoko ke kufuneka ukwazi kwangaphambili indlela ukuthintela komgomo ezinjalo.

Uthintelo iintlobo mechanical isifo iya kuba uhlolo rhoqo koogqirha ezizodwa oya kuba nako ukubona ngexesha ukungaqheleki yokwakheka amalungu zentetho.

Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba zingqonge umntwana nabantu ekunene ukuthetha. Abadala "Teketa" akufuneki abe nomntwana, ngokuba yenza iipateni zakhe zonxibelelwano. Umntwana kufuneka abe eminye imizekelo ukuyilandela. Ukuba elinye ilungu losapho unengxaki intetho, indima yakhe bekhulisa yenzala akumele phambili.