France Religion. Unxibelelwano neNkcubeko kunye nenkolo eFransi

France - ilizwe yenkululeko yonqulo. Unqulo kakhulu ithandwa apha - Catholic ubuKristu, Islam, kubuYuda. Ngokutsho kuphando oluqhutywe ngo-2010, ama-27% abantu baseFransi abakholelwa ukuba ukho uThixo, 33% bathi bayavuma ubukho oluthile amandla okanye ubukrelekrele kunabanye, ne-40% bathi abazange bakholwe kungabi kuThixo okanye phambi umphefumlo womntu, akukho amandla. Kule nkalo, France kungathathwa enye ithi zehlabathi. Kodwa inkcubeko nokholo kweli lizwe zihlobene. Ngoko ke apho inkolo esoyisayo eFransi yaye kutheni kukho abanye? Oku kuya kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

jikelele zembali

Kule nkulungwane yeminyaka France kuhlala kuloo mazwe aseYurophu apho ingqiqo kwakujongwa inkolo yamaKatolika. Ukususela ngexesha Karla Velikogo naphambi ngokuvela kobuProtestanti ngenkulungwane ye-16, urhulumente wayengomnye ezimandla kweli lizwekazi apho ubuKatolika, ngaphandle kokuba iifom yemveli, yaba ingqwalasela eyodwa ubuKristu. E France, wamisa ukholo yamaKatolika, ngoxa namanye amazwe aseYurophu, kuquka eNgilani, eSwitzerland, zembali Netherlands, uninzi Germany naseScandinavia, kugcwele iindlela ezahlukeneyo Protestantism.

Emva kokuba revolution ka-1798 unqulo France waziswa phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente kunye ngenjongo ukugcina umoya olululo. uluntu emishini abasekho. Kodwa ke ngo-1801, uNapoleon wasayina isivumelwano neVatican, ngalo indawo icawa wabuyiselwa.

Religion eFransi ngenkulungwane ye-19

Phantse kulo lonke eli ngenkulungwane, ilizwe umbuzo ngokusemthethweni ingqalelo urhulumente yamaKatolika. Kodwa ngo-1905 isiganeko elikhulu-scale kwenzeka ngenxa apho unqulo eFransi ngenkulungwane ye-19, unenzondelelo iinguqu ezibalulekileyo - kwakukho esekungcoleni ecaweni kunye karhulumente. Ukususela ngoko, nangona yamaKatolika yayeka ukuba zonqulo kweli lizwe, yamaKatolika iCawa, ngokutsho siseko, uye waba nje elinye ezininzi imibutho yenkolo. Omtsha karhulumente wempangelo inkululeko abemi ilungelo ukukhetha. Kwaye namhlanje kweli lizwe uyalinandipha ubuKatolika sesisa kobuProtestanti, Islam, ubuBhuda, ubuYuda kunye emahlelweni bangaphandle.

inkolo namhlanje

Eyona inkolo waseFransi - ubuKatolika. Kodwa namhlanje, nangona lo unqulo kummandla karhulumente wempangelo nangoku ixhaswa ngaphezulu kunayo nayiphi na enye, lo gama uninzi lwabantu French ingqalelo ngokwabo yamaKatolika, wegqitha. Abo iminxeba ngokwakhe ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha abantu namhlanje. Iziphumo kuphando oluqhutywe ngo-2011 lwabonisa ukuba yi-45% yabantu French bazithatha njengamakholwa, inkoliso yabo esahleliyo yamaKatolika. Ngelo xesha, 35% musa bazigqale nayiphi inkolo, no-3% abathi Islam.

Inani amarhamente ecawa, ngokutsho isaveyi yoluntu yenye kwanala aphakathi ehlabathini. Enyanisweni, ngu 5% kuphela abemi, kunye%-10 kuphela abantu abacinga Katolika namhlanje ukuya iinkonzo ecaweni. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, ukuba inkcubeko yaseFransi nangoku becala zamaKatolika, ukuze agxininise ukuba iintetho zabo intloko yangaphambili karhulumente Sarkozy.

Ukunganaki - "ilitye lembombo 'karhulumente?

Ukunganaki ngoku njenge "yintloko yembombo" likarhulumente ye self-determination of France. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-United Kingdom okanye United States ixabiso yonqulo ubomi uRhulumente eluntwini incinci kakhulu. Kwi-UK kunye US ezopolitiko badla ukulungiselela iintlanganiso kunye neenkokeli zonqulo, ukufota kunye nabo namatheko ezisemthethweni, kunye iziganeko zesizwe ezibalulekileyo ezininzi kunye imisebenzi kunikelwa imibhiyozo yonqulo. Kodwa France imeko yahlukile. Amanani Public karhulumente wempangelo, kwanokuba bazibiza ngokuba bangamaKristu (nekungoku ingxamele ethandwayo kangako phakathi kwamalungu karhulumente xesha lakalokunje), ukuzama ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ukuzimela prying amehlo yobomi babo zonqulo.

indawo eyodwa - iphondo Alsace

Kweli phondo ubudlelwane Alsace kunye Moselle phakathi karhulumente kunye nebandla ngaphandle yonke ummandla eFransi, nangona amabango yomanyano weRiphabliki. Apha ababingeleli bafumana imivuzo karhulumente, kunye nokuFundiswa kwezeNkolo kwizikolo zikarhulumente kunye neekholeji kukho unxibelelwano. The University of eStrasbourg sele lezifundo ngezakwaLizwi, iyunivesithi uluntu kuphela eFransi.

UbuProtestanti

UbuProtestanti, enye inkolo eFransi, inembali. KumaXesha Aphakathi, phambi kokuba gama wabonakala, abemi abaninzi kumzantsi-ntshona eFransi sazilahla umKatolika, safudukela nohlobo yobuKristu heretical, eyaziwa ngokuba Catharism. Ukholo lamaProtestanti samkelwa kwiindawo ezininzi zeli lizwe ngexesha zoHlaziyo. Le nkolo, nangona amandla, kodwa esalelweyo. Ngowe-1598, Korol Genrih IV, yena abe umlandeli yangaphambili kobuProtestanti, ngubani kwanyanzeleka ukuba kubuKatolika ukuba abe kumkani France wasayina Edict ka neNantes. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, bakaCalvin, eyaziwa ngokuba Huguenot, eqinisekiswe inkululeko yonqulo isazela. Kwiindawo ezininzi eFransi, ingakumbi kwi-mpuma, ngoko wajika NgamaProtestanti, needolophu ezifana iLa Rochelle, baba zilikhusi eziphambili unqulo kweli lizwe, eli ngokusemthethweni uthathwa yamaKatolika.

Ukwehla Ukuvuselelwa kobuProtestanti

Kodwa ke ngo-1685 i-myalelo wabhangiswa nguLouis XIV, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni yokushiywa omkhulu obuProtestante eFransi. Religion eFransi ngenkulungwane ye-17 yaba kwezinye zidlakadlaka. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi abalandeli kwale mfundiso ngoko eyemka ngayo kweli lizwe, waya kuhlala UK, North America, Switzerland kunye Netherlands History. UbuProtestanti njengonqulo eFransi ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kokufa kukaKumkani uLouis XIV baqalisa ukuvuselela kancinane kwezinye iindawo. Yaye ekupheleni French Revolution, nokwazeka ngokusesikweni njengenye iintlobo ezininzi ezikhoyo zonqulo. Namhlanje iindawo UbuProtestanti zikho kulo lonke elo lizwe, kodwa inkoliso bonke abalandeli kulo mbutho yonqulo inokufumaneka Alsace kunye kumntla Franche-Comté empuma eFransi kwi Cevennes emzantsi.

Islam

Enye inkolo French - Islam. Akukho manani ngqo, kodwa ngokutsho uqikelelo nje, Abantu abayi-6 ukuya kwesi-7 million, okanye malunga-8% abemi ngamaSilamsi. A sesithathu kubo, kancinane ngaphezu kwezigidi ezibini, bagcine amasiko zonqulo. Thelekisa: kweli lizwe uhlala 10 million abaqhuba namaKatolika. Uninzi amaSilamsi eFransi - abasuka North Afrika, oko kukuthi, inzala yabo ababekade kumathanga yayo yangaphambili - Tunisia, Algeria kunye Morocco.

Ngokutsho uphando ngezentlalo Samira Amghar, eFransi kukho phakathi kwe-12 ukuya ku-15 amawaka Salafis, okanye amaSilamsi ezinkulu, kodwa yinxalenye encinane kuphela sezabelo iimbono ekuthiwa-Islamists. Ukususela ngo-2000, eli lizwe waqala ukwakha ngamandla mosque, kwaye ngoku kukho ngaphezu 2000. Baya ezenziwa kakhulu ngendlela ezisezantsi-key kakhulu. Ngokuphathelele kwimfundo, kukho 30 ngamaSilamsi, amaYuda kunye 282 8485 kwizikolo zamaKatolika eFransi.

Unxibelelwano Culture nenkolo

Inkcubeko nenkolo eFransi basoloko ngokusondeleyo munye. Ngomhla ubugcisa beli lizwe iphenjelelwa ngamandla bamaKristu namaKatolika isithethe. Ephakathi izakhiwo yokwakha yaseFransi abazange iinqaba amabhotwe, kodwa icawa enkulu, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ibandla elincinane. Le magcisa aphambili kunye neengcibi babesebenza ekudalweni imizobo nadaltarnyh imihombiso, iglasi nebala, zaba nemikrolo imifanekiso olugqibeleleyo ezilungiselelwe uhombiso ingaphakathi ngaphandle amabandla. Kule ncwadi amaninzi ukufumana kumkhankanya ubuKristu. Isincoko idumileyo isiFrentshi, "The Ingoma of Roland" - imbali imbambano enkulu lwamaKristu Saracens, ikhokelwa ngu Roland, umtshana yoMlawuli Karla Velikogo. Ubukhulu becala weencwadi zakudala kuye baqiniswa kwizithethe zonqulo, umzekelo, ethandwayo kumaXesha Aphakathi le ntsomi Celtic. Ngomhla umsebenzi abaqambi odumileyo waphenjelelwa kangangoko yi unqulo eFransi, apho bunokubonwa imisebenzi Faure, Sezara Franka, Widor kunye Berlioz.

Xa ndiqukumbela, sinokuthi kweli nqaku ingqalelo kuphela iinkonzo eziphambili. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kukho okungakumbi. uhlobo ngalunye unqulo kuchaphazela kakhulu kubomi benkcubeko eFransi ifumana abantu abayithandayo yayo kweli lizwe.